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Volume 38 Issue 3
May  2020
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XING Xinrui, CAO Qi, CHEN Si, ZHU Zhenyu. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in serum and plasma of Fuzheng Huayu capsules by UHPLC-TOF/MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2020, 38(3): 250-254, 267. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.201906027
Citation: XING Xinrui, CAO Qi, CHEN Si, ZHU Zhenyu. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in serum and plasma of Fuzheng Huayu capsules by UHPLC-TOF/MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2020, 38(3): 250-254, 267. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.201906027

Rapid identification of chemical constituents in serum and plasma of Fuzheng Huayu capsules by UHPLC-TOF/MS

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.201906027
  • Received Date: 2019-06-12
  • Rev Recd Date: 2020-03-10
  • Available Online: 2020-05-20
  • Publish Date: 2020-05-01
  •   Objective  To identify the blood components of Fuzheng Huayu capsule by ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS).  Methods  ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used to chromatographic separation; mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) −0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B). The gradient elution conditions included: 0−3 min, 2% B; 3−18 min, 2%−50% B; 18−22 min, 50%−95% B; 22−25 min, 95% B. The equilibration time was 10 min, the flow rate was 0.40 ml/min, and the analysis time was 25 min. The mass spectrometry was characterized by electrospray ionization by a positive-negative ion mode scan with a range of 100-1 100 m/z.  Results  49 components were identified in the serum samples at one time, of which 4 were positive and negative ion modes.  Conclusion  The blood components of Fuzheng Huayu capsule were clarified by this method, which enriched the scientific connotation of Fuzheng Huayu capsule, and laid the foundation for the in-depth study of the compound.
  • [1] 刘成海, 刘平, 胡义扬, 等. 中医药抗肝纤维化临床与基础研究进展[J]. 世界科学技术(中医药现代化), 2007, 9(2):112-119.
    [2] JIA Y H, WANG R Q, MI H M, et al. Fuzheng Huayu recipe prevents nutritional fibrosing steatohepatitis in mice[J]. Lipids Health Dis,2012,11:45. doi:  10.1186/1476-511X-11-45
    [3] LIU C H, HU Y Y, XU L M, et al. Effect of Fuzheng Huayu For Mula and its actions against liver fibrosis[J]. Chin Med,2009,4:12. doi:  10.1186/1749-8546-4-12
    [4] LIU P. Fuzheng Huayu capsule in the treatment of liver fibrosis: clinical evidence and mechanism of action[J]. Chin J Integr Med,2012,18(5):398-400. doi:  10.1007/s11655-012-1030-1
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    [6] 范小云, 吴青芸. 扶正化瘀胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化60例疗效分析[J]. 中国医药指南, 2012, 10(18):272-273. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1671-8194.2012.18.214
    [7] 赵长青, 吴艺青, 徐列明. 扶正化瘀胶囊抗肝纤维化的临床疗效和作用机制[J]. 中西医结合学报, 2006, 4(5):467-472.
    [8] 李丽, 何清, 杨大国, 等. 扶正化瘀胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化有效性和安全性的系统评价[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2008, 8(10):892-897. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1672-2531.2008.10.018
    [9] ZHANG L J, SCHUPPAN D. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for fibrotic liver disease: hope and hype[J]. J Hepatol,2014,61(1):166-168. doi:  10.1016/j.jhep.2014.03.009
    [10] CHEN Q L, WU F Z, WANG M, et al. Transcriptional profiling and miRNA-target network analysis identify potential biomarkers for efficacy evaluation of fuzheng-Huayu For Mula-treated hepatitis B caused liver cirrhosis[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2016,17(6):E883. doi:  10.3390/ijms17060883
    [11] CHENG Q, LI N, CHEN M Q, et al. Fuzheng Huayu inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice through activating hepatic NK cells[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2013,145(1):175-181. doi:  10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.047
    [12] TAO Y Y, YAN X C, ZHOU T, et al. Fuzheng Huayu recipe alleviates hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting TNF-α induced hepatocyte apoptosis[J]. BMC Complement Altern Med,2014,14:449. doi:  10.1186/1472-6882-14-449
    [13] WANG R Q, MI H M, LI H, et al. Modulation of IKKβ/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad via Fuzheng Huayu recipe involves in prevention of nutritional steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice[J]. Iran J Basic Med Sci,2015,18(4):404-411.
    [14] XIE H D, TAO Y Y, LV J, et al. Proteomic analysis of the effect of fuzheng Huayu recipe on fibrotic liver in rats[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2013,2013:972863.
    [15] XING X R, CHEN S, LI L, et al. The active components of fuzheng Huayu For Mula and their potential mechanism of action in inhibiting the hepatic stellate cells viability-A network pharmacology and transcriptomics approach[J]. Front Pharmacol,2018,9:525. doi:  10.3389/fphar.2018.00525
    [16] 安芸, 杨剑宏, 王臣臣, 等. UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS法分析决明子化学成分[J]. 中成药, 2017, 39(4):776-781.
    [17] 李军茂, 何明珍, 欧阳辉, 等. 超高效液相色谱与飞行时间质谱联用快速鉴别木芙蓉叶的化学成分[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2016, 51(14):1162-1168.
    [18] 吴欢, 占远, 陈海芳, 等. UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS对紫花地丁中化学成分的快速表征[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(24):70-75.
    [19] 陈珏蓓, 马文彪, 王月红. HPLC法测定心舒乐片中丹参酮ⅡA、羟基红花黄色素A、苦杏仁苷[J]. 中成药, 2012, 34(3):490-494. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2012.03.027
    [20] 官玲花. HPLC法同时测定仙灵骨葆胶囊中二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量[J]. 中国药房, 2013, 24(32):3056-3058.
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Rapid identification of chemical constituents in serum and plasma of Fuzheng Huayu capsules by UHPLC-TOF/MS

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.201906027

Abstract:   Objective  To identify the blood components of Fuzheng Huayu capsule by ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS).  Methods  ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used to chromatographic separation; mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) −0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B). The gradient elution conditions included: 0−3 min, 2% B; 3−18 min, 2%−50% B; 18−22 min, 50%−95% B; 22−25 min, 95% B. The equilibration time was 10 min, the flow rate was 0.40 ml/min, and the analysis time was 25 min. The mass spectrometry was characterized by electrospray ionization by a positive-negative ion mode scan with a range of 100-1 100 m/z.  Results  49 components were identified in the serum samples at one time, of which 4 were positive and negative ion modes.  Conclusion  The blood components of Fuzheng Huayu capsule were clarified by this method, which enriched the scientific connotation of Fuzheng Huayu capsule, and laid the foundation for the in-depth study of the compound.

XING Xinrui, CAO Qi, CHEN Si, ZHU Zhenyu. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in serum and plasma of Fuzheng Huayu capsules by UHPLC-TOF/MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2020, 38(3): 250-254, 267. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.201906027
Citation: XING Xinrui, CAO Qi, CHEN Si, ZHU Zhenyu. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in serum and plasma of Fuzheng Huayu capsules by UHPLC-TOF/MS[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2020, 38(3): 250-254, 267. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.201906027
  • 扶正化瘀胶囊(旧名扶正化瘀方)是针对肝纤维化“正虚血瘀”的基本病机研制而成的[1],该复方由丹参、桃仁、五味子、冬虫夏草、绞股蓝、松花粉六味药材组成[2-7],丹参在方中活血祛瘀作为君药,冬虫夏草补虚损、益精气,桃仁助丹参活血祛瘀,共为臣药,松花粉益气润燥,绞股蓝清热解毒,两者共为佐药;五味子味酸,为引经使药。从中医角度出发,丹参、冬虫夏草、桃仁、松花粉、绞股蓝、五味子这六味药材的药效物质基础主要包含脂溶性的丹参酮类和水溶性的丹酚酸类、多糖、甾醇、多种氨基酸、多种维生素、挥发油、木脂素等物质。以上六味药合用共奏活血化瘀、益精养肝之功效,适用于肝纤维化证属“瘀血阻络,肝肾不足”者[8]。其临床疗效显著,已受国家发明专利保护,获得国家中药Ⅲ类新药证书。而且2006年扶正化瘀片通过美国食品药品监督管理局审批,免于进行Ⅰ期临床,直接进入Ⅱ期临床试验,并在2013年圆满完成Ⅱ期临床实验,成为肝病领域中首个通过美国Ⅲ期临床试验的中成药[9],将来也有望成为第一个获准进入美国主流医药市场的复方中药。(标红的5处字体均用罗马字)

    该复方在我国已使用多年,但由于其组分复杂,一直缺乏系统性研究,尽管目前关于该复方作用机制报道较多[10-15],然而对于整个复方的入血成分还未见报道。而且复方组成复杂,比分析单位药材的入血成分更困难,因此,明确扶正化瘀胶囊各部分的入血成分对于该复方治疗效果、作用机制的深入研究具有重要意义。

    UHPLC和Q-TOF/MS的串联技术在中药复方等复杂体系研究中占有一定优势,该技术集色谱的高效分离能力和质谱的高灵敏、高分辨、强定性能力于一体,已经成为中药复方化学成分分析和鉴定的有效手段之一[16-18]。本实验采用UHPLC-QTOF/MS技术首次对扶正化瘀胶囊中的入血成分进行快速分析,并对其成分进行药材归属鉴定,进一步阐明了扶正化瘀胶囊的药效物质基础,具有重要的临床意义。

  • Agilent 1290 Infinity 液相系统,包括G4220A四元泵、G4226自动进样器G1316C柱温箱(安捷伦科技有限公司,美国);Agilent 6538 UHD and Accurate-Mass Q-TOF/MS质谱仪,配有标准电喷雾离子源(ESI)及MassHunter Qualitative Analysis Software 分析工作站(安捷伦科技有限公司,江苏);JY10001十万分之一电子天平(精密科学仪器有限公司,上海);Heal Force SMART-N 超纯水机(力康生物医疗科技控股有限公司,香港);Micro 17高速离心机(Thermo Fisher Scientific,美国);甲醇、乙腈均为色谱纯试剂(Merck,德国),甲酸为色谱级试剂(ROE scientific INC,美国),水为实验室制备的超纯水,其他试剂均为分析级。

  • 丹参素、丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮I、丹酚酸A、五味子乙素、苦杏仁苷、腺苷、五味子醇甲、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、山奈酚对照品(一飞生物科技有限公司,纯度≥98%),批号分别为:76822-21-4、121521-90-2、87205-9-0、96574-01-5、61281-37-6。扶正化瘀胶囊(黄海制药有限责任公司,上海)购于益丰大药房,批号分别为:161220、170640、171116。

  • 取丹参素、丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮I、丹酚酸A、五味子乙素对照品适量,精密称定后,用甲醇溶解并定容成10 mg/ml的对照品储备液。吸取各对照品溶液适量,用甲醇稀释成各对照品浓度约2 mg/ml的对照品混合溶液。

  • 称取扶正化瘀胶囊适量,配制成浓度为0.3 g/ml的混悬水溶液,供大鼠灌胃使用。取雄性SD大鼠6只,随机分为两组(空白组和给药组),给药前12 h禁食、不禁水,按照给药体积4 ml/kg(0.3 g/ml,临床4倍剂量)灌胃给药样品,空白组灌胃蒸馏水。给药23 min后采用眼眶取血约1.5 ml置离心管中,静置1 h后,离心(3 500 r/min,10 min)后取上清液约0.5 ml,−80 ℃冷冻保存。

  • 精确吸取50 μl血清,溶于150 μl 含有内标的100%甲醇中,涡旋30 s,静置5 min,于4 ℃、1 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,即得血清样品。

  • 色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm,Waters Corporation,Ireland)。流动相由0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)组成。梯度洗脱条件:0~3 min,2%B;3~18 min,2%~50%B;18~22 min,50%~95% B;22~25 min,95%B。平衡时间为10 min,流速为0.40 ml/min,分析所用时间为25 min。进样体积设置为3 μl,柱温箱温度为40 ℃,自动进样器的温度为4 ℃。

  • 电喷雾离子源采用正、负离子模式。正离子模式条件:毛细管电压4 V;干燥气体流速11 L/min;干燥气体温度350 ℃;雾化器压力45 psig;碎片电压120 V;skimmer电压60 V。质谱采集范围从100~1 100 m/z ,参比离子为121.051和922.010 m/z。负离子模式下,除了毛细管电压为 3.5 kV,其余条件与正离子模式相同。负离子模式下的参比离子分别为 119.036 3 和 966.000 7 m/z

  • 根据国内外已有的专业数据库TCM@taiwan、TCMID(traditional Chinese medicine integrative database)和上海中科院化学专业数据库及相关研究文献,共收集了扶正化瘀胶囊六味药材中801个化学成分。利用Agilent公司研发的“Formula-Database-Generator”软件,通过各化学成分包含碳、氢、氧的个数,计算化合物精确的相对分子质量,建立化学成分的分子式和相对分子质量的数据库。

  • 精密吸取扶正化瘀胶囊血清样品溶液和对照品混合溶液200 μl于进样小瓶,按照上述质谱和色谱测试条件进行样品分析。同时检测空白血清、混合对照品溶液和含药血清在正离子检测模式下的总离子流图,如图1所示。

  • 利用实验中已有的对照品,无差别鉴别出血清中二氢丹参酮I(峰3)、五味子乙素(峰5),如图1B1C

  • 以正离子模式下3号峰二氢丹参酮I为例,说明扶正化瘀胶囊中的色谱峰鉴别过程。TIC图中的保留时间为10.453 min(图1B),色谱峰显示的准分子离子峰为279.101,利用Qualiative Analysis软件分析工具(calculator)精确计算质量数可能的元素组成(<5 ppm),结合数据库内已知的化合物质核比,可以初步确定分子式为C18H14O3。通过计算准分子离子的核素分布情况,得出同位素分布的理论值与实际值吻合良好,确定此峰为二氢丹参酮I(图2)。

  • 根据飞行时间质谱测得的精确相对分子质量,比对所建的扶正化瘀胶囊化学成分数据库,应用 Qualiative Analysis质谱分析软件计算分子组成,将理论值与实测值进行比对,结合上述对照品鉴别结果及相关文献报道[19-20],对扶正化瘀胶囊血清供试品在正、负离子模式下所得的色谱图中色谱峰进一步分析,其中,血清供试品在正离子模式下初步鉴别出43个化学成分,结果见表1。在负离子模式下初步鉴别出10个化学成分,结果见表2。其中,正、负离子模式下均有响应的有4个(表中标)。对于化学成分的药材归属,见表1

    编号保留时间 (t/min)化合物名称分子式M+X理论分子量(m/z)实际分子量(m/z)误差(ppm)归属药材
    110.157dihydrokaranoneC15 H22 O(M+H)+219.174 1219.174 32.01Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    210.453dihydrotanshinone IC18 H14 O3(M+H)+279.101 0279.101 40.29Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    312.031salvianonolC18 H20 O4(M+H)+301.141 7301.141 35.72Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    410.009isocryptotanshinone IIC19 H20 O3(M+H)+297.148 1297.148 11.49Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    511.078sugiolC20 H28 O2(M+H)+301.216 0301.216 00.78Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    611.636salviolC20 H30 O2(M+H)+303.231 9303.232 2−0.13Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    712.762dihydrovalepotriateC22 H32 O8(M+H)+425.216 3425.215 12.87Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    87.2324-methyl salicylaldehydeC8 H8 O2(M+H)+137.059 9137.059 80.05Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    91.168nicotinamideC6 H6 N2 O(M+H)+123.055 1123.054 12.14Cordyceps sinensis
    100.642histidineC6 H9 N3 O2(M+H)+156.075 8156.076 81.52Cordyceps sinensis
    111.061valineC5 H11 N O2(M+H)+118.086 2118.086 20.61Cordyceps sinensis
    121.357adenosineC10 H13 N5 O4(M+H)+268.104 2268.104 4−0.54Cordyceps sinensis
    130.765arginineC6 H14 N4 O2(M+H)+175.118 7175.118 82.03Cordyceps sinensis
    140.634lysineC6 H14 N2 O2(M+H)+147.112 9147.112 8−0.45Cordyceps sinensis
    159.590cis-9-octadecenoic acidC18 H34 O2(M+NH4)+300.289 2300.289 41.78Cordyceps sinensis
    169.360octadecanoic acidC18 H36 O2(M+NH4)+302.305 4302.305 1−0.76Cordyceps sinensis
    171.751leucineC6 H13 N O2(M+H)+132.102 1132.101 3−1.57Cordyceps sinensis
    181.361pedatisectine BC5 H5 N5(M+H)+136.062 2136.061 81.02Cordyceps sinensis
    198.259linoleic acidC18 H32 O2(M+NH4)+298.274 0298.274 10.9Cordyceps sinensis
    201.102methionineC5 H11 N O2 S(M+H)+150.058 5150.058 4−0.61Cordyceps sinensis
    2110.979linoleic acidC18 H32 O2(M+NH4)+298.273 9298.274 12.57Semen Persicae
    224.726glucoseC6 H12 O6(M+H)+181.070 5181.070 80.95Semen Persicae
    239.648GA17C20 H26 O7(M+Na)+401.158 3401.159 2−2.24Semen Persicae
    245.194prunasinC14 H17 N O6(M+Na)+318.095 6318.096 0−1.94Semen Persicae
    259.623gomisin RC22 H24 O7(M+H)+401.158 5401.159 12.71Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    2611.1682-(2-phenyl cyclohexyloxy) ethanolC14 H20 O2(M+Na)+243.135 3243.135 81.78Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    279.911deangeloylgomisin FC23 H28 O8(M+Na)+455.168 9455.168 2−0.19Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    2812.524schisandrin BC23 H28 O6(M+Na)+423.177 5423.177 61.88Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    298.333gomisin QC24 H32 O8(M+Na)+471.198 1471.198 21.56Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    309.130(±)-gomisin m1C22 H26 O6(M+Na)+409.161 8409.161 80.64Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    3111.9731,1alpha,4,5,6,7,7alpha,7beta-octahydro-1,1,7,7alpha-tetramethyl-2h-cyclopropa (alpha)-naphthalen-2-oneC14 H22 O(M+H)+207.174 9207.174 2−2.61Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    326.8701-phenyl-1,3-butanedionC10 H10 O2(M+H)+163.075 5163.075 8−1.40Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    3310.839geranyl acetateC12 H20 O2(M+H)+197.153 8197.153 51.07Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    3411.110tigloylgomisin PC28 H34 O9(M+NH4)+532.254 3532.253 80.22Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    357.322citronellyl acetateC12 H22 O2(M+NH4)+216.195 3216.195 42.48Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    360.814gama-octalactoneC8 H14 O2(M+NH4)+160.133 0160.132 90.27Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    379.607gomisin DC28 H34 O10(M+Na)+553.204 2553.203 90.61Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    3810.2481,1α,2,4,6,7,7α,7β-octahydro-1,1,7,7α-tetra-methyl-5h-cyclopropa (α)-naphthalen-5-oneC15 H22 O(M+H)+219.173 7219.174 32.92Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    399.935phenyl-2-propanoneC9 H10 O(M+H)+135.080 2135.080 21.81Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    4011.834prehispanoloneC20 H30 O3(M+H)+319.226 3319.225 72.56Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    419.919psilostachyinC15 H20 O5(M+H)+281.137 9281.138 41.67Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    4211.324santlic acidC15 H22 O2(M+H)+235.168 3235.170 50.58Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    437.355gomisin AC23 H28 O7(M+H)+417.190 6417.190 30.23Schisandra chinensis Fructus
      注:“”表示正、负离子模式下都已鉴别出。
    编号保留时间 (t/min)化合物名称分子式M-X理论分子量(m/z)实际分子量(m/z)误差(ppm)归属药材
    16.795tanshindiol CC18 H16 O5(M+COOH)357.098 9357.099 7−1.34Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    213.681paramiltioic acidC19 H24 O5(M+COOH)377.161 6377.161 9−1.84Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
    30.812histidineC6 H9 N3 O2(M-H)154.062 6154.061 2−2.28Cordyceps sinensis
    40.764glutamic acidC5 H9 N O4(M-H)146.045 7146.044 91.02Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino
    513.632GA17C20 H26 O7(M-H)377.161 6377.161 9−2.18Semen Persicae
    63.714GA19C20 H26 O6(M+COOH)407.171 9407.171 70.02Semen Persicae
    713.632GA119C19 H24 O5(M+COOH)377.161 6377.161 9−2.48Semen Persicae
    85.209prunasinC14 H17 N O6(M+COOH)340.102 9340.102 30.40Semen Persicae
    911.060prehispanoloneC20 H30 O3(M-H)317.211 5317.210 92.19Schisandra chinensis Fructus
    1014.158schisandroneC21 H24 O5(M-H)355.156 4355.156 6−2.79Schisandra chinensis Fructus
      注:“”表示正、负离子模式下都已鉴别出。
  • 本研究首次运用UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS对扶正化瘀胶囊入血成分进行分析,该方法效率高、稳定性好、灵敏度高,能快速检测出含量较低的化学成分,优于其他方法。利用该技术快速初步鉴别出扶正化瘀胶囊血清供试品共49个化学成分,推测其可能为扶正化瘀胶囊发挥药效的物质基础。已鉴别出的化学成分主要集中在丹参、冬虫夏草,符合中药复方“君臣佐使”的配伍原则。为进一步探究其作用机制,拟进一步从 49 种入血成分筛选出抗肝纤维化的体内、外活性测试,期望筛选出具有抗肝纤维化的活性单体。该研究进一步将相应物质的色谱峰明确化,为扶正化瘀胶囊的深入研究奠定了良好基础。

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