-
赤芍(Paeoniae Radix Rubra)为毛莨科植物芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall)或川赤芍(Paeonia veitchii Lynch)的干燥根,应用历史悠久,首载于《神农本草经》。赤芍之名最早在南北朝时期陶弘景所撰写的《本草经集注》中明确提出[1];其味苦,性微寒,归肝经,具有清热凉血、散瘀止痛、活血之功效,多用于热入营血,血热吐衄,斑疹紫暗,温毒发斑,热毒血瘀,肝郁肋痛等证[2-4]。
现代药理研究表明,赤芍作用广泛,主要含有赤芍苷、黄酮类及其苷、有机酸、挥发油及糖类等多种化学成分。本文就赤芍药理作用的研究进展进行综述,梳理赤芍已明确的药理作用及机制,为赤芍的进一步开发研究和临床应用提供科学依据。
HTML
[1] | 张建军, 李伟, 乐娜, 等. 赤芍及赤芍总单萜、赤芍总酚对热毒血瘀证大鼠的清热凉血散瘀功效[J]. 北京中医药大学学报, 2020, 43(3):196-202. |
[2] | 顾生旺, 刘欢, 蒋兆荣, 等. 重用赤芍联合恩替卡韦治愈重度黄疸腹水型乙型肝炎1例[J]. 肝脏, 2016, 21(11):1010-1011. |
[3] | 曹云, 李树茂, 裘东, 等. 栗锦迁教授治疗慢性舒张性心力衰竭的用药规律[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(16):215-219. |
[4] | 杨明博, 刘皎皎, 李煜国, 等. 大剂赤芍治疗肝病高胆红素血症35例[J]. 现代中医药, 2018, 38(2):45-47. |
[5] | 陆小华, 马骁, 王建, 等. 赤芍的化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2015, 46(4):595-602. |
[6] | LUO C, WANG H, CHEN X X, et al. Protection of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts against oxidative insults by total paeony glucosides from Radix Paeoniae Rubrae[J]. Phytomedicine,2013,21(1):20-24. |
[7] | 魏思思, 赵艳玲, 江凤娟, 等. 重用赤芍治疗ANIT诱导大鼠急性淤胆型肝炎的研究[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2012, 18(12):151-155. |
[8] | ZHAO Y L, ZHOU G D, WANG J B, et al. Paeoniflorin protects against ANIT-induced cholestasis by ameliorating oxidative stress in rats[J]. Food Chem Toxicol,2013,58:242-248. |
[9] | JIANG F J, ZHAO Y L, WANG J B, et al. Comparative pharmacokinetic study of paeoniflorin and albiflorin after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Rubra in normal rats and the acute cholestasis hepatitis rats[J]. Fitoterapia,2012,83(2):415-421. |
[10] | 张伟杰, 王鹏, 杨明俊, 等. 川芎、赤芍多糖活性分析及其比较[J]. 中药材, 2011, 34(10):1569-1574. |
[11] | LI R D, GUO W Y, FU Z R, et al. Hepatoprotective action of Radix Paeoniae Rubra aqueous extract against CCl4-induced hepatic damage[J]. Molecules,2011,16(10):8684-8694. |
[12] | SAEED N M, EL-DEMERDASH E, ABDEL-RAHMAN H M, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of methyl palmitate and ethyl palmitate in different experimental rat models[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2012,264(1):84-93. |
[13] | PARK S Y, SEETHARAMAN R, KO M J, et al. Ethyl linoleate from garlic attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 cells[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2014,19(2):253-261. |
[14] | 罗琳, 窦志华, 吴锋, 等. 赤芍总苷退黄降酶的作用及机制研究[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2010, 27(4):285-288. |
[15] | WANG R, XIONG A Z, TENG Z Q, et al. Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba Attenuate CCl4-induced acute liver injury: an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) based metabolomic approach for the pharmacodynamic study of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs)[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2012,13(11):14634-14647. |
[16] | LI X Y, SHEN J L, ZHONG Z R, et al. Paeoniflorin: a monomer from traditional Chinese medical herb ameliorates Schistosoma japonicum egg-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice[J]. J Parasitol,2009,95(6):1520-1524. |
[17] | XU H Y, CHEN Z W, WU Y M. Antitumor activity of total paeony glycoside against human chronic myelocytic leukemia K562 cell lines in vitro and in vivo[J]. Med Oncol,2012,29(2):1137-1147. |
[18] | 许惠玉, 华东, 于晓红, 等. 赤芍总苷对荷瘤鼠体内IL-10、IL-12、TGF-β1分泌及细胞免疫功能的影响[J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2009, 30(22):2737-2739. |
[19] | 许惠玉, 官杰, 吴艳敏, 等. 赤芍总苷对环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响[J]. 齐齐哈尔医学院学报, 2010, 31(20):3193-3195. |
[20] | XU W P, ZHONG W, LIU J L, et al. Study on anti-tumor effect of total glycosides from Radix Paeoniae Rubra in S180 tumor-bearing mice[J]. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med,2013,10(3):580-585. |
[21] | 王亚珍, 吕品田, 王凤红, 等. 赤芍总苷对人黑色素瘤A375细胞迁移及侵袭活性的影响[J]. 广东医学, 2012, 33(3):318-320. |
[22] | 王亚珍, 吕品田, 王凤红, 等. 赤芍总苷逆转黑色素瘤细胞株多药耐药的效果及机制研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2012, 15(3):328-330. |
[23] | WEI L, LIU J, LE X C, et al. Pharmacological induction of leukotriene B4-12-hydroxydehydrogenase suppresses the oncogenic transformation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells[J]. Int J Oncol,2011,39(3):735-745. |
[24] | WANG D, TAN Q R, ZHANG Z J. Neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin, but not the isomer albiflorin, are associated with the suppression of intracellular calcium and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II in PC12 cells[J]. J Mol Neurosci,2013,51(2):581-590. |
[25] | KAPOOR S. Neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin: an emerging concept in neurology[J]. Folia Neuropathol,2013,51(1):92. |
[26] | GUO R B, WANG G F, ZHAO A P, et al. Paeoniflorin protects against ischemia-induced brain damages in rats via inhibiting MAPKs/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(11):e49701. |
[27] | 张永超, 黄世敬. 芍药抗抑郁作用机制探析[J]. 环球中医药, 2013, 6(10):795-798. |
[28] | 王强松, 崔元璐. 芍药苷内酯苷和芍药苷对小鼠急性应激模型的比较研究[C]//中国药学会. 2010施慧达杯第十届全国青年药学工作者最新科研成果交流会论文集: 北京: 中国药学会, 2010: 7. |
[29] | MAO Q Q, ZHONG X M, QIU F M, et al. Protective effects of paeoniflorin against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells[J]. Phytother Res,2012,26(7):969-973. |
[30] | 王修银, 成文利, 邝少松, 等. 赤芍总苷改善D-半乳糖诱导衰老大鼠学习记忆能力及机制[J]. 广州医药, 2011, 42(6):41-45. |
[31] | HU Z Y, LIU G, CHENG X R, et al. JD-30, an active fraction extracted from Danggui-Shaoyao-San, decreases β-amyloid content and deposition, improves LTP reduction and prevents spatial cognition impairment in SAMP8 mice[J]. Exp Gerontol,2012,47(1):14-22. |
[32] | LONG J G, GAO M L, KONG Y, et al. Cardioprotective effect of total paeony glycosides against isoprenaline-induced myocardial ischemia in rats[J]. Phytomedicine,2012,19(8-9):672-676. |
[33] | MO X, ZHAO N, DU X, et al. The protective effect of peony extract on acute myocardial infarction in rats[J]. Phytomedicine,2011,18(6):451-457. |
[34] | 孙英莲, 王英军, 许荔新. 赤芍总苷对大鼠急性心肌缺血的影响[J]. 中草药, 2009, 40(12):1961-1962. |
[35] | LI J Z, YU S Y, WU J H, et al. Paeoniflorin protects myocardial cell from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NADPH oxidase[J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2012,90(12):1569-1575. |
[36] | 王琳琳, 丁安伟. 赤芍总苷对大鼠血瘀证模型的影响[J]. 南京中医药大学学报, 2011, 27(6):552-554. |
[37] | JIN S N, WEN J F, WANG T T, et al. Vasodilatory effects of ethanol extract of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and its mechanism of action in the rat aorta[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2012,142(1):188-193. |
[38] | 林彦君, 章津铭, 瞿燕, 等. 赤芍总苷对实验性大鼠胃溃疡模型的影响[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2010, 16(6):215-217. |
[39] | HINO H, TAKAHASHI H, SUZUKI Y, et al. Anticonvulsive effect of paeoniflorin on experimental febrile seizures in immature rats: possible application for febrile seizures in children[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(8):e42920. |
[40] | CHEN C R, SUN Y, LUO Y J, et al. Paeoniflorin promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep via adenosine A1 receptors[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther,2016,356(1):64-73. |
[41] | WU H X, CHEN J Y, WANG Q T, et al. Expression and function of β-arrestin 2 stimulated by IL-1β in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and the effect of paeoniflorin[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2012,12(4):701-706. |
[42] | 周婷, 赵福涛, 王汉伟, 等. 芍药苷对胶原诱导型关节炎模型的治疗作用及机制[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2013, 7(5):2047-2050. |
[43] | GU X Y, CAI Z X, CAI M, et al. Protective effect of paeoniflorin on inflammation and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Mol Med Rep,2016,13(3):2247-2252. |
[44] | SUN J, WU J F, XU C Q, et al. Paeoniflorin attenuates allergic inflammation in asthmatic mice[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2015,24(1):88-94. |
[45] | JIANG W L, CHEN X G, ZHU H B, et al. Paeoniflorin inhibits systemic inflammation and improves survival in experimental Sepsis[J]. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol,2009,105(1):64-71. |