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Volume 39 Issue 6
Nov.  2021
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PENG Mengchao, WU Jianguo, WU Jinzhong, WU Yanbin, ZHENG Chengjian. Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(6): 534-537. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104122
Citation: PENG Mengchao, WU Jianguo, WU Jinzhong, WU Yanbin, ZHENG Chengjian. Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(6): 534-537. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104122

Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104122
  • Received Date: 2021-04-27
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-09-22
  • Available Online: 2021-12-27
  • Publish Date: 2021-11-25
  •   Objective   To identify the crude drugs of Anoectochilus burmannicus, and clarify its original plant pharmacognostical and microscopic characteristics.   Methods   The pharmacognostical identification method was used to observe the original plant, tissue structure and microscopic characteristics of A. burmannicus.   Results   Leaves were ovate or ovate elliptic with golden-red veins. Non-inverted yellow flowers had Y-shaped and yellow labellum, which were anteriorly enlarged and 2-lobed. The lobes were narrowly oblong or narrowly oblanceolate. The middle part of labellum was narrow to form a 10 mm long structure with margin narrowly winged. In the microscopic structure, the cortex is obvious in the cross sections of root and stem, together with needle crystals of calcium oxalate and mucous cells. The upper epidermal cells on the cross section of the leaves were papilloid in shape, whereas diverse stomas existed among the lower epidermal cells, with anomocytic stomas as the major type. Needle crystals of calcium oxalate and conduits can be found in the powder.   Conclusion   These data provide a reference for the identification and resource development and utilization of A. burmannicus.
  • [1] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志 第十七卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2006.
    [2] WU Y B, PENG M C, ZHANG C, et al. Quantitative determination of multi-class bioactive constituents for quality assessment of ten Anoectochilus, four Goodyera and one Ludisia species in China[J]. Chin Herb Med,2020,12(4):430-439. doi:  10.1016/j.chmed.2020.07.002
    [3] 陈阿虹, 钱丽萍, 陈婉清, 等. 滇南开唇兰挥发油化学成分比较研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2018, 29(12):2877-2880.
    [4] ZENG B, SU M, CHEN Q, et al. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxbur-ghii[J]. Carbohydr Polym,2016,153:391-398. doi:  10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.067
    [5] ZHANG J G, LIU Q, LIU Z L, et al. Antihyperglycemic activity of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2015,164:180-185. doi:  10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.050
    [6] 郑小香, 李萍, 潘晓丽, 等. 金线莲多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖、细胞周期及分泌IL-2、IFN-γ的影响[J]. 中国食品学报, 2017, 17(6):47-52.
    [7] GUO Y, YE Q, YANG S, et al. Therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats[J]. Int J Biol Macromol,2019,122:882-892. doi:  10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.015
    [8] HSIAO H B, LIN H, WU J B, et al. Kinsenoside prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by regulating classical NF-κB pathways[J]. Osteoporos Int,2013,24(5):1663-1676. doi:  10.1007/s00198-012-2199-z
    [9] 刘青, 刘珍伶, 周娟. 金线莲多糖的体外抗氧化活性[J]. 华侨大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 31(6):718-720.
    [10] BUDLUANG P, PITCHAKARN P, TING P, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin resistance activities of aqueous extract from Anoectochilus burmannicus[J]. Food Sci Nutr,2017,5(3):486-496. doi:  10.1002/fsn3.416
    [11] 郑丽香. 金线莲的资源调查及生药学研究[D]. 福州: 福建中医药大学, 2018.
    [12] 易骏, 吴建国, 张秀才, 等. 不同植物基原金线莲生药鉴别[J]. 中草药, 2015, 46(23):3570-3576.
    [13] 林美珍, 陈育青, 陈美燕, 等. 金线莲与台湾金线莲显微结构比较[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2016, 45(3):279-282.
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Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104122

Abstract:   Objective   To identify the crude drugs of Anoectochilus burmannicus, and clarify its original plant pharmacognostical and microscopic characteristics.   Methods   The pharmacognostical identification method was used to observe the original plant, tissue structure and microscopic characteristics of A. burmannicus.   Results   Leaves were ovate or ovate elliptic with golden-red veins. Non-inverted yellow flowers had Y-shaped and yellow labellum, which were anteriorly enlarged and 2-lobed. The lobes were narrowly oblong or narrowly oblanceolate. The middle part of labellum was narrow to form a 10 mm long structure with margin narrowly winged. In the microscopic structure, the cortex is obvious in the cross sections of root and stem, together with needle crystals of calcium oxalate and mucous cells. The upper epidermal cells on the cross section of the leaves were papilloid in shape, whereas diverse stomas existed among the lower epidermal cells, with anomocytic stomas as the major type. Needle crystals of calcium oxalate and conduits can be found in the powder.   Conclusion   These data provide a reference for the identification and resource development and utilization of A. burmannicus.

PENG Mengchao, WU Jianguo, WU Jinzhong, WU Yanbin, ZHENG Chengjian. Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(6): 534-537. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104122
Citation: PENG Mengchao, WU Jianguo, WU Jinzhong, WU Yanbin, ZHENG Chengjian. Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2021, 39(6): 534-537. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104122
  • 滇南金线兰Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe ex Downie为兰科(Orchidaceae)金线兰属植物,主要分布于我国云南南部至西南部,缅甸、老挝、泰国也有分布 [1]。滇南金线兰与同属植物金线兰A. roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl的植物形态相似,主要含内酯苷、黄酮、多糖、挥发油等成分[2-3]。金线兰是福建特色中药金线莲的基原植物,具有保肝、降血糖、免疫调节、抗类风湿性关节炎、抗骨质疏松、抗氧化等生物活性[4-9]。滇南金线兰水提物具有抗炎和胰岛素抵抗作用[10],其他方面的药理活性研究鲜见报道。课题组在前期金线莲资源调查过程中发现,民间常把滇南金线兰当作金线莲使用。虽然滇南金线兰和金线兰都含有内酯苷、黄酮和多糖类成分,但是二者中这些成分的含量是否有显著差异?滇南金线兰能否替代金线兰,当作金线莲使用?这些问题都还有待进一步的研究。因此,为确保临床用药的准确性,本文对滇南金线兰原植物进行鉴定,就植物形态特征、显微特征等进行观察描述,旨在为该药的准确鉴别,以及进一步的开发利用提供参考。

    • SZ61体视显微镜(日本奥林巴斯);数码相机[AV205S富士胶片(中国)投资有限公司]、XS-2100生物显微镜(日本尼康公司)。

    • 水合氯醛、甘油、盐酸、F.A.A 固定液、间苯三酚、甲醇、乙醇等均为国产分析纯试剂。滇南金线兰采自云南西双版纳,由福建中医药大学药学院吴岩斌副研究员鉴定为兰科金线兰属滇南金线兰Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe ex Downie。

    • 取滇南金线兰新鲜植株进行植株形态观察,用数码相机拍照,同时对其花进行解剖,在体视显微镜下观察拍照,并描述其特征。取滇南金线兰新鲜植株,对其根、根茎、叶(过中脉)部位按常规石蜡制片法制作石蜡切片,在光学显微镜下观察并拍照。撕取新鲜植株叶的上、下表皮进行表面制片,观察其表面观特征。新鲜植株干燥后研成细粉,用水合氯醛透化装片,在光学显微镜下观察并拍照。

    • 植株高10~35 cm。根状茎肉质,匍匐,茎上部直立或斜升,圆柱形,深绿色。叶2~6片,互生,叶片卵形或卵状披针形,先端急尖,基部斜歪,全缘,边缘银白色,长4~10 cm,宽2.5~5.5 cm,上面黑绿色,具金红色带绢丝光泽的美丽网脉,有5条弧形主脉,边缘2条主脉不明显,背面淡紫红色,叶柄下部扩大成抱茎的鞘。总状花序具1~8朵花;苞片淡红色,卵状披针形,长1.8~4.0 mm,宽1.8~2.0 mm,先端渐尖,背面被短柔毛;子房圆柱形,不扭转,连花梗长10 mm;花较大,不倒置(唇瓣位于上方),萼片3枚,浅红褐色,两侧萼片肾形,中萼片倒卵形,凹陷呈舟状,先端近钝,与花瓣粘合呈兜状;花瓣斜歪的半卵形,白色;唇瓣黄色,呈Y字形,前部明显扩大并2裂,裂片狭长圆形或狭倒披针形,中部收狭成长10 mm左右、其边缘具狭翅,基部凹陷呈圆锥状距,内具2枚肉质的胼胝体;蕊柱短。花期9~12月(见图1)。

    • 呈类圆形,表皮为不规则的类方形,外有略栓质化根被,排列紧密,皮层宽广,约占横切面的6/7左右。外皮层为2~3层形状不规则细胞组成,排列较紧密;中皮层常见含有草酸钙针晶的黏液细胞,细胞排列疏松;内皮层由一层长方形细胞组成,具明显增厚的凯氏点。中柱鞘较明显,韧皮部与木质部相间排列,呈辐射状维管束,无形成层,木质部导管多类圆形,纵列或3~11个成群;中央为髓部,导管向髓部发展,髓部不明显(见图2)。

    • 呈类圆形,表皮为1层类圆形细胞组成,细胞外切向壁角质化加厚,排列紧密;皮层宽广,约占横切面的5/7左右,由类圆形薄壁细胞组成,皮层中部至维管柱以外薄壁细胞,偶见草酸钙针晶分布,内皮层明显,由一层排列紧密的长椭圆形细胞组成,具凯氏带;维管柱内27~32个有限外韧型维管束无序散在;木质部由多类圆形导管组成,纵列或2~4个成群,髓部不明显(见图3)。

    • 上表皮细胞乳突状突起,排列紧密,具角质层,未见气孔;叶肉中栅栏组织与海绵组织分化不明显,但靠近上表皮的细胞中存在较多叶绿体,主脉下方微凸,维管束1个,为有限外韧型,中脉木质部导管2~4个成束。下表皮细胞排列紧密,可见气孔分布(见图4)。

    • 上表皮细胞类圆形,大小相近,未见气孔器。下表皮细胞多为不规则多角形,气孔众多,以不定式气孔为主,副卫细胞25个,偶见直轴式、不等式气孔(见图5)。

    • 粉末棕褐色。导管多见螺纹。草酸钙针晶束众多,直径40~60 μm,聚集成束或散在。管胞多见螺纹,较少网纹。根毛基部较多为平直,其壁较薄,多破碎,有的扭曲成螺旋状,有的平直。叶的上表面细胞呈类椭圆形。叶下表皮碎片,细胞类长方形,多见气孔,主要为不定式(见图6)。

    • 将实验观察结果与相关文献进行对比[11-13],发现滇南金线兰和金线兰原植物形态、组织构造及粉末显微特征虽有相似之处,但也有所区别。不同之处在于滇南金线兰根茎较粗大、叶片较大,全缘,叶边缘为银白色,叶上表面有5条弧形主脉,边缘2条主脉不明显,叶脉较稀疏,叶基部斜歪,唇瓣黄色,前部明显扩大并2裂,裂片狭长圆形或狭倒披针形,中部收狭成长10 mm左右、其边缘具狭翅;金线兰根茎较小,叶片较小,叶边缘邹波状,叶上表面有5条弧形主脉,叶脉较密集,唇瓣白色,前部扩大并2裂,裂片近长圆形或近楔状长圆形,中部收狭成长4~5 mm的爪,其两侧各具6~8条长约4~6 mm的流苏状细裂条。可以凭借以上鉴别点对滇南金线兰进行准确鉴定,避免与金线兰混淆。

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