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人体表面及内部生活着数量巨大、种类多样的微生物,其中绝大部分是由细菌菌群组成的。肠道微生物和中枢神经系统之间存在相互作用,肠道微生物的异常可以通过“菌-肠-脑”轴参与到机体认知和社会行为等的复杂调控中,且已有多项研究发现肠道菌失调与抑郁症的发生密切相关[1],会通过多种不同的方式和途径加速或诱导抑郁症的发生。口服药物治疗是目前常用的方式,可在一定程度上减缓病人症状,但是目前部分抗抑郁药物仍具有一定的局限性[2]。现已有研究发现,益生菌可以通过多重机制来控制抑郁样行为[3],这为我们探索抗抑郁药物的研发提供了一个新的方向。本综述将从抑郁症、肠道菌代谢产物、作用分子水平出发探讨抑郁症的机制,在对现有益生菌生物制剂治疗抑郁症的研究发现的基础上,对肠道菌这一新靶点进行展望,为寻找抗抑郁药物研发的方向提供帮助。
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