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全球癌症统计数据表明,肝癌是全球第二大癌症死亡原因,因肝癌死亡的人口数占癌症总死亡人数的8.2%。肝细胞癌是原发性肝癌最常见的形式[1],手术是其首选的治疗方法,然而只有5%~10%的肝细胞肿瘤适合切除,大多数患者(50%~70%)在手术后5年内发生肿瘤复发[2]。在小分子药物治疗方面,多激酶抑制剂索拉非尼能够延长患者近3个月中位生存期和进展时间[3],但仍无法满足临床治愈肝细胞癌的需求。因此,寻找新的肝细胞癌治疗靶点,开发新的治疗策略具有重要的临床意义。
磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖(GPCs),属于硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖家族,通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定于细胞膜外,是细胞外基质的主要组成部分[4]。磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖由一个核心蛋白以及与其相连的两条硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)链组成,该家族包括6个成员(GPC1-6)[5]。其中GPC3研究最为广泛,其由580个氨基酸组成,表达于胎儿的肝、肺、胎盘和肾器官,由于DNA甲基化诱导的表观遗传沉默,其在成人器官中的表达明显降低[6]。在临床研究中,GPC3与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,许多研究都报道了GPC3在肝细胞癌中表达上调[7]。本文综述了GPC3在肝细胞癌相关信号通路中的作用以及基于GPC3开发的肝癌靶向疗法。
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