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创伤大出血是人类创伤死亡的第二大死因,占创伤死亡总数的15%[1]。在院前止血阶段,传统止血材料在一定程度上存在止血效果不佳、储存时间短、应用不方便等缺点,使得控制创伤大出血仍是一大亟待解决的难题。进入到院内手术阶段,简单的纱布止血仍是一种常规选择,这为开发新型止血材料提供了广阔的空间。纳米技术可以在纳米尺度上改造并利用微观结构,赋予了纳米材料改良的扩散性和溶解性、易于穿透生理屏障、比表面积大、药物的缓控和靶向释放等独特优势[2]。近年来,基于脂质体、纳米粒、自组装纳米肽等纳米止血材料的研究日益深入,为现代化新型止血材料的发展奠定了良好基础。本文旨在综述脂质体、纳米粒、自组装纳米肽、纳米纤维等多种纳米止血材料的前沿设计和应用进展,为下一步研究应用提供参考。
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