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2021 Vol. 39, No. 3

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Mechanism of Qingkailing on influenza based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
CAI Mengcheng, LIU Yiqun, YU Chaoqin, JIN Yongsheng
2021, 39(3): 193-202. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202005077
Abstract(8079) HTML (3218) PDF (9657KB)(114)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the potential mechanism of Qingkailing (QKL) on influenza, and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of QKL.  Methods  TCMSP, TCMID, and PubChem databases were used to search for the active ingredients and action targets of QKL. GeneCards database was used to search for the targets of influenza. The intersection method was used to obtain the targets related to the therapeutic effects of QKL. Cytoscape software was applied for the construction of active compounds-targets network map. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted by Bioconductor database and R software. Auto Dock Tools were used for molecular docking.  Results  Total 90 potential active components were identified from QKL with the corresponding 225 targets. PPI network analysis showed that there were 34 key targets intervening influenza by QKL. GO and KEGG showed that the mechanism of QKL intervention on influenza was related to anti-inflammatory and antiviral. The results of molecular docking showed that cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and baicalin had affinity with RELA and JUN.  Conclusion  The active ingredients of QKL target on JUN, RELA, MAPK1, IL6 and AKT1 to regulate multiple signal pathways, and play an intervention role in influenza.
Application of edible Chinese medicine in epidemic prevention
XU Shengyan, XIA Tianshuang, XU Wumu, HAN Ting, YUE Xiaoqiang, XIN Hailiang
2021, 39(3): 203-205, 220. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202009026
Abstract(4811) HTML (2171) PDF (836KB)(45)
Abstract:
Edible Chinese medicine is a significant part of traditional Chinese medicine. With the concept of "disease prevention", it can be used in all stages of epidemic prevention and control. This paper introduced the current status of anti-epidemic applications of edible medicines in detoxifying by heat-clearing or blood-cooling, removing dampness and turbidity, Qi and Yin tonifying, etc. In addition, new suggestions and strategies were provided for the professionals in this aera.
Quality evaluation of clinical trial literatures on the COVID-19 treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
JIN Jiangwei, SHI Jianrong, CAI Jian, LI Guihua, LU Saihua, XU Feng
2021, 39(3): 206-210. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202012012
Abstract(6035) HTML (2534) PDF (884KB)(47)
Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate the quality of the clinical trial literatures published on the treatment of COVID-19 with TCM, find out the shortcomings and put forward corresponding suggestions, in order to promote TCM against COVID-19.  Methods  "COVID-19", "New Coronavirus Pneumonia", "TCM", "Chinese Medicine", "Clinical Trial", "Lianhua Qingwen", "Huoxiang Zhengqi", "Jinhua Qinggan", and other keywords were used to search relevant literatures in CNKI and PubMed database. Among the all the screened relevant literatures on the treatment of COVID-19 with TCM, the literature quality was assessed according to evaluation criteria of clinical trial literatures.  Results  A total of 463 papers related to the treatment of COVID-19 with TCM were obtained. 440 papers on theoretical research on the network pharmacology mechanism of Chinese medicine treatment of COVID-19 were excluded. Among the 23 articles included in the quality analysis, there are 3 randomized controlled studies, 1 multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial, 2 disease case report trials, and 5 uncontrolled single arm studies, 5 controlled trials and 7 retrospective studies. In the period of more than half a year, although many clinical trial documents of TCM for the treatment of COVID-19 have been published, the clinical trial design reflected in most TCM clinical trials were not standardized. There are problems in "randomness and rationality", such as no control group, no randomization design, only case studies, no blinding method in controlling bias, and insufficient objectivity in the evaluation criteria of efficacy. All of these need to be improved.  Conclusion  The treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia with TCM still requires more and standardized clinical trial verifications and publications to generate strong evidence-based results, such as adding control groups, increasing sample size, and using blinding methods to increase the credibility of clinical trials.
Research progress in nanomaterials in hemostasis
WANG Jirong, GONG Hai, LU Guangzhao, DENG Li
2021, 39(3): 211-214. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202012015
Abstract(4669) HTML (2909) PDF (827KB)(40)
Abstract:
Nanomaterials, with the advantages of unique microstructure, have been widely used in the fields of material manufacturing, microelectronics and computer technology, medicine and health, environment and energy. Compared with traditional hemostatic materials, nanomaterials can improve the bioavailability and stability of traditional hemostatic drugs to a certain extent, enhance the controlled and targeted release of drugs, which lay a good foundation for the development of new-style modern hemostatic nanomaterials. This paper reviews the advanced design and application progress of various nanomaterials in hemostasis, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, self-assembled nano peptides, nanofibers, etc. Finally, the challenges and prospects of hemostatic nanomaterials are briefly described.
Effects of MCCC2 knockdown on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of DU145 prostate cancer cells
CHEN Xue, HUANG Zehao, ZHENG Chengjian
2021, 39(3): 215-220. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104020
Abstract(4420) HTML (1429) PDF (1896KB)(19)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the change of biological characteristics after stable knockdown of the coding gene of 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase β subunit (MCCC2) expression in DU145 by lentivirus shRNA.  Methods  Three groups were included in this study. shNC was the control group in which MCCC2 was negatively knocked down in DU145. shMCCC2 was the experimental group in which MCCC2 was knocked down. DU145 was the blank group without any treatment. The expression of MCCC2 was assessed by Western blot and qPCR. The proliferation of DU145 cells was detected by CCK8 assay. The migration ability of DU145 was detected by transwell. The apoptosis of DU145 cells was detected by flow cytometry.  Results  The expression level of MCCC2 in shMCCC2 group was significantly lower than that in shNC group (0.22 ± 0.02 vs 0.61 ± 0.06, P < 0.001). The proliferation (2.24 ± 0.04 vs 3.13 ± 0.15) and migration (23.96 ± 1.85 vs 49.73 ± 0.63) of DU145 cells in shMCCC2 group was significantly lower than that in shNC group, whereas the apoptosis (12.64 ± 0.30 vs 3.68 ± 0.02) of DU145 cells in shMCCC2 was significantly higher than that in shNC group.  Conclusion  MCCC2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis of DU145 cells, which indicated that the down-regulation of MCCC2 is correlated with the change of tumor biological characteristics of DU145 cell line and can be a potential target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Effects of Humulus lupulus L. and its active ingredient xanthohumol on preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
XIA Tianshuang, DING Luying, ZHANG Jiabao, LI Xiaojin, WANG Guoping, XIN Hailiang
2021, 39(3): 221-225. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202102002
Abstract(3765) HTML (1468) PDF (1287KB)(13)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the effects of Humulus lupulus L. extract (HLE) and xanthohumol (XN) on preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP).  Methods  The GIOP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (DEX). Bone microstructure, bone mineral density and serum biochemical indexes were evaluated by Micro-CT and ELISA kits. The levels of cells proliferation and ALP activity, and the expression of bone formation related proteins were assayed with primary osteoblasts injured by DEX.  Results  HLE and XN significantly alleviated the bone microstructure damage, enhanced the bone mineral density, and improved the trabecular parameters in GIOP mice. In vitro experiments showed that HLE and XN can prevent bone loss not only by improving cell proliferation and ALP activity, but also through increasing the expression of bone γ-glutamic acid-containing proteins (BGP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2).  Conclusion  This study confirmed that HLE and XN had anti-GIOP effects for the first time. It provides a new resource for the development of anti-osteoporosis medications.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity analysis of Yinlian Tongfeng granules based on network Pharmacology
XU Yi, LIU Jing, HUANG Jin, CUI Jingang
2021, 39(3): 226-231, 254. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202007014
Abstract(6123) HTML (2324) PDF (9602KB)(45)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of Yinlian Tongfeng granules by network pharmacology.  Methods  Three main active components of Yinlian Tongfeng granules were collected from TCMSP database to predict its effective targets. Based on the network information of active components and targets, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic related targets were established by using protein-protein interaction information. The enrichment analysis of KEGG biological pathway and go function enrichment were carried out to construct the active component-target-signal pathway network and explain the main mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic.  Results  37 targets were closely related to anti-inflammation and analgesic effects of Yinlian Tongfeng granules, mainly on Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factors (TNF). The mechanism of action may relate to the regulation of nuclear transcription factor B signaling pathway(NF-κB).  Conclusion  The study predicted the anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of Yinlian Tongfeng granules, and provided theoretical basis for further verification and interpretation of its mechanism.
Mechanism of Jiangzhihugan capsule in treatment of fatty liver based on network pharmacology
CAI Mengcheng, JIN Yongsheng, ZHENG Wei, YUAN Zike, GUO Liangjun
2021, 39(3): 232-239, 248. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202006054
Abstract(7305) HTML (1811) PDF (9450KB)(29)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the potential mechanism of Jiangzhihugan capsule (JZHG) for fatty liver (FL), and to provide a theoretical guideline for the clinical application of JZHG.  Methods  TCMSP and TCMID databases were used to search for the active components and targets of JZHG. GeneCards and OMIM database were used to search the FL related targets. The intersection method was used to identify the common targets of JZHG and FL. Cytoscape software was applied for the construction of active compounds-targets network map. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING software. Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted with Bioconductor database and R software.  Results  46 potential active components were screened out from JZHG. 7406 targets were retrieved through GeneCard and OMIM database. 118 genes were obtained from the intersection of component-target and disease-target. These genes were mainly involved with the response to oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response, hormone resistance and other biological processes. The mechanism was related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human cytomegalovirus infection, microRNAs in cancer, etc.  Conclusion  The mechanism of active ingredients for FL in JZHG may be due to improving lipid metabolism and reducing liver fat accumulation through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects.
Protective effect of Shengxian decoction and the decoction of single herb component against myocardial injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation
JIN Xiaoling, CHEN Lan, ZHANG Feng, HUANG Doudou, LIAO Lina, CHEN Wansheng
2021, 39(3): 240-244. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202006080
Abstract(3564) HTML (1729) PDF (1299KB)(12)
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the protective effect of Shengxian decoction and the single herb decoction against myocardial injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.  Methods  The H9c2 cells were cultured to establish hypoxia/reoxygenation model. Rats were divided into 8 groups: normal control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation group (model group) and treated groups (Shengxian decoction and the single herb decoction). The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium concentration (Ca2+) were measured.  Results  Compared with hypoxia/reoxygenation group, the apoptosis rate, ROS activity and intracellular Ca2+ concentration were significantly lower in all treated groups (P<0.05). The ROS activity and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was decreased by 41.37% and 15.20% in Shengxian decoction group compared to the model group.  Conclusion  Shengxian decoction and the single herb decoction had protective effect on myocardial injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.
Effects of SLCO1B1 521 T>C and APOE gene polymorphisms on lipid-lowering efficacy and adverse reactions of atorvastatin
LIU Yanhui, DONG Jing, LU Yan, LU Man, DING Yunhe, LI Wenyan
2021, 39(3): 245-248. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202012013
Abstract(4407) HTML (1355) PDF (940KB)(27)
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the effect of SLCO1B1 521 T>C and APOE gene polymorphisms on the clinical efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in ischemic stroke patients with dyslipidemia.  Methods  210 cases of ischemic stroke with dyslipidemia were enrolled from April 2018 to December 2018 to determine SLCO1B1 521 T>C and APOE gene polymorphisms. Patients received atorvastatin 20 mg/d orally. TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels were measured to evaluate the efficacy 3 months pre-and post- treatment. TBil, ALT, AST, CK levels were assayed with following up adverse reactions to evaluate safety.  Results  SLCO1B1 521 T>C genotype distribution was TT79.05%, TC19.05%, CC1.90%. E2, E3, E4 allele frequencies of APOE genes were 14.28%, 67.62%, 18.10%. Each genotype conforms to the law of Hardy-Weinberg balance. After three months of medication, there were significant differences in TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C changes in patients with different APOE genotypes. No obvious abnormality was found in safety index. The incidence of myalgia in SLCO1B1521 T>C mutant group was significantly higher than that in the wild group (P<0.01).  Conclusion  Lipid regulation of atorvastatin was affected by APOE gene polymorphism. SLCO1B1521 T>C may be associated with myalgia, the adverse reaction of atorvastatin. The detection of SLCO1B1 and APOE genotyping is helpful for individualized treatment of blood lipids and provides basis for rational use of statins in patients for drug therapy management.
Study on the antifungal activity of phenazine derivatives
QIU Lijuan, CHAO Wen, SHI Anjie, YAN Lan, LÜ Quanzhen, JIANG Yuanying
2021, 39(3): 249-254. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202103083
Abstract(3931) HTML (1291) PDF (1102KB)(30)
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the antifungal activity of phenazines derivatives.  Methods  The anti-fungal activity of phenazine compounds was evaluated initially with micro-liquid dilution. No significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans was found. Then, with the combination of phenazine compounds and fluconazole, the anti-fungal activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans was detected.  Results  The phenazine-17 had significant antifungal activity when combined with fluconazole through the inhibition of hyphae formation.  Conclusion  This study provides a new idea for the development of antifungal drugs and the solution of antifungal drug resistance.
Therapeutic effects study on the contents of dihydromyricetin in ampelopsis grossedentata from different places and their compatibility with fructus arctiine
SUN Rui, FU Li, LEI Yu
2021, 39(3): 255-258, 266. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202103084
Abstract(3663) HTML (1133) PDF (958KB)(21)
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the content differences of Dihydromyricetin in Ampelopsis grossedentata from different origins, parts and processing techniques, and improve the therapeutic effects by optimizing the compatibility of Ampelopsis grossedentata with Fructus arctiine.  Methods  The HPLC separation of Dihydromyricetin was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column with methanol, 0.05 % phosphoric acid (30∶70) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 291 nm, and the column temperature was 25 °C. Compatibility efficacy verification was performed with the inflammation model caused by cotton ball implantation in rats and ear swelling in mice. The net granulomatosis in the rats with cotton ball implantation and the swelling rate of mouse ears were recorded.  Results  Dihydromyricetin had a good liner recovery between 0.019 9-0.318 mg/ml (r=0.999). The extracted recovery was in the range of 95.04 %-100.4 %. The sample was stable within 24 h. This method had good repeatability. The combination of optimized high-dose Ampelopsis grossedentata with Fructus arctiine resulted in significantly lower net granuloma in rats and ear swelling rate in mice compared to the blank control group.  Conclusion  This method is simple and accurate. The content of dihydromyricetin varies greatly with different origins, parts, and processing techniques. Among them, the natural sun-dried vine tea in Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province has the highest content. The combination use of Ampelopsis grossedentata and Fructus Arctiine can significantly alleviate the pharyngeal symptoms, reduce the degree of inflammation, and achieve the therapeutic effect of clearing pharynx.
Network Meta-analysis on efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis in middle aged and old people
SUN Bin, WANG Zijing, CAO Yang, MENG Rui, YANG Lan, ZHU Jinbao
2021, 39(3): 259-266. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101022
Abstract(5209) HTML (3387) PDF (1987KB)(54)
Abstract:
  Objective  To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in middle-aged and old Chinese patients with osteoarthritis(OA).  Methods  A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Data and VIP databases to collect randomized controlled trials with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in middle-aged to old Chinese OA patients. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 17, 2020. Two researchers independently carried out literature screening, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted with R3.6.0 software.  Results  28 RCTs were included with 2531 patients. Based on the last follow-up pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the ranking chart showed that Etoricoxib had the highest probability of having the lowest pain VAS score (88.55%). In terms of total effective rate, the ranking chart showed that the probability of Etoricoxib as first choice was the highest (92.49%). As far as safety, diclofenac sodium patch had the lowest adverse effects rate (59.10%).  Conclusion  The results of this study indicated that Etoricoxib was the most effective treatment for middle-aged and old Chinese OA patients. It can significantly reduce the OA pain. Diclofenac sodium patch had the least adverse effects.
Simultaneous determination of three components in pharmacy compounded terbinafine ointment by HPLC method
YAN Jia, SONG Hongtao, ZHOU Xin
2021, 39(3): 267-269, 279. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202007109
Abstract(4473) HTML (1365) PDF (898KB)(38)
Abstract:
  Objective  To establish a method to assay 3 active components in pharmacy compounded terbinafine ointment simultaneously.  Methods  High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with the ZORBAX SB-C8 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for the assay. The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (70∶30). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with the 248 nm detection wavelength, 10 μl injection volume and 30 ℃ column temperature.  Results  A good linear relationship was observed in the range of 20.4-204.0 µg/ml for terbinafine hydrochloride(r=0.999 7), 40.4-404.0 µg/ml for mupirocin(r=0.999 8), 2.02-20.20 µg/ml for mometasone furoate(r=0.999 7). The average recovery of each detected component in terbinafine ointment was 99.39%, 99.21%, 99.97% with the RSD 0.82%, 0.59%, 0.81%(n=9).  Conclusion  This method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used to detect the content of terbinafine, mupirocin and mometasone furoate in pharmacy compounded terbinafine ointment.
One step assay of the four plant ingredients in Yangxue Anshen syrup by HPLC method
LU Ping, NI Dongjie, ZHENG Wei, GUO Liangjun, WANG Xiang
2021, 39(3): 270-273. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202006072
Abstract(4225) HTML (1229) PDF (915KB)(30)
Abstract:
  Objective  To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of quercitrin, luteoloside, rutin and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in Yangxue Anshen syrup.  Methods  Waters symmetry C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with 0.1% acetic acid (A) and methanol (B) as the mobile phase. Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, 0-15 min, 95%-90%A; 15-35 min, 90%-70%A; 35-55 min, 70%-60%A; 55-85 min, 60%-50%A; 85-95 min, 10%A. The detection wavelengths were 256 nm and 320 nm. Column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl.  Results  Quercitrin, luteoloside, rutin and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside showed good linear relationship within the range of 10-300, 5.0-150.0, 5.0-150.0, 20.0-600.0 µg/ml(r≥0.9989), respectively. The average recovery was (96.75±1.41)%, (99.61±1.01)%, (97.18±1.96)% and(99.12±0.97)% (n=6), respectively.  Conclusion  The established method is simple, accurate and stable, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of 4 components in Yangxue Anshen syrup.
Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of β- lactams combined with macrolides in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children
GE Jiajia, ZHANG Yingying
2021, 39(3): 274-279. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202007077
Abstract(4084) HTML (992) PDF (1098KB)(18)
Abstract:
  Objective  To compare the efficacy and safety of β - lactams alone and the combination of β - lactams with macrolides in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) in children.  Methods  PubMed, CNKI and VIP databases were searched by computer. RCT on children with CAP treated by β-lactams and macrolides were collected. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to July 2020. Literatures were selected and data was extracted according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias was evaluated, RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.  Results  Thirteen articles with 1788 patients were included in the study. The results showed that the clinical efficacy of the combination therapy in the experimental group was better than that in the control group [RR = 1.11, CI = 1.07–1.15, P < 0.000 01]. The time for fever returning to normal was shorter in the experimental group than that in the control group [MD = −1.31, CI =−1.58– −1.05, P < 0.000 01]. The disappearance time of pulmonary rales was shorter in the experimental group than that in the control group [MD = −1.75, CI = −2.13– −1.37, P < 0.000 01], There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).  Conclusion  The combination therapy of β - lactams and macrolides is better than β-lactams alone in children with CAP with no significant difference in adverse reactions. Limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies, the conclusions from this study need to be further verified by large samples of high-quality RCT.
Overseas warehouses for prepositioning medicine materials
CHEN Jing, CUI Lijun, LI Ruimin, ZHANG Yiqian, LUAN Zhipeng, SHU Lixin
2021, 39(3): 280-282, 286. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101005
Abstract(3355) HTML (970) PDF (851KB)(17)
Abstract:
In order to meet our country strategic needs of “The Belt and Road”, it was proposed to use the existing overseas warehouses from domestic companies as prepositioning locations. The situation and functionality were clarified. A comprehensive evaluation for the existing overseas warehouses in the Indian Ocean was conducted. The authors screened out several countries suitable for prepositioning medicinal supplies. Meanwhile, the potential problems were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the future research on overseas medicinal supplies.
Survey and intervention countermeasures on occupational stress of young hospital pharmacists
WU Jiahao, GU Lin, LI Guihua, FANG Ming, WANG Yan, LU Saihua, XU Feng
2021, 39(3): 283-286. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202012007
Abstract(3264) HTML (994) PDF (974KB)(19)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the occupational life status and occupational related stress factors of young hospital pharmacists, and to promote the healthy development of young pharmacists.  Methods  Questionnaire was designed and released on-line through Wenjuan Star APP. Demographic characteristic information, occupational stress and stress management data were obtained. Data were processed with SPSS.  Results  About sixty percent of 289 questionnaire respondents complained of occupational stress (178 respondents). Gender, education level, hospital grade, and job position had no significant effect on occupational stress difference. However, different age group showed different occupational stress. Pharmacist at the age of 31-35 complained more stress than the other age group. Pharmacist with high title complained more stress than the lower titles.  Conclusion  More than half of young pharmacists suffer from the high occupational stress, and various intervention measures should be taken to relieve the stress.
GMP Defects in the field inspection for processed Chinese herbal medicine manufacturers in Anhui Province during 2014 to 2018
YIN Pengjun, HU Shigao
2021, 39(3): 287-290. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101010
Abstract(2987) HTML (887) PDF (849KB)(16)
Abstract:
  Objective  To propose the improvement measures and suggestions for the better quality management of processed Chinese herbal medicine production and provide insights and solutions for the quality control of processed Chinese herbal medicine production.  Methods  A retrospective statistical analysis was used to analyze the serious defects and major defects found in 50 processed Chinese herbal medicine manufacturers that failed to pass GMP certification in Anhui province from 2014 to 2018.  Results  The main problems found in processed Chinese herbal medicine manufacturers that failed to pass GMP certification were the low law consciousness of the legal representative or responsibility person, poor performance of key personnel, untraceable original data of the production records or testing, orderless material managements, ineffective operation of the manufacturing management system or quality control system.  Conclusion  It is recommended that processed Chinese herbal medicine manufacturers should enhance legal awareness, build good faith, pay attention to personnel training and GMP compliance. The regulatory authority should exercise the professionalism to ensure the quality and reliability of processed Chinese herbal medicines.