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二氯乙酸钠(sodium dichloroacetate,DCA)是一种小分子化合物,临床上常用于治疗乳酸酸中毒(lactic acidosis,LA)等疾病,可静脉注射或口服。研究表明DCA在体液中能完全电离,可更好的透过血脑屏障,在脑内达到有效治疗浓度[1];此外,DCA可促进乳酸氧化,改善缺氧组织的能量代谢状况,故有望成为治疗心脑血管疾病的新型药物[2]。Moore等[3]的研究亦表明,DCA能作用于肿瘤细胞能量代谢途径,促进肿瘤细胞的氧化磷酸化,激活内源性凋亡通路,抑制肿瘤生长,在治疗肿瘤方面具有潜在应用价值。除开展DCA药品临床研究外,国际癌症研究机构(IRAC)于2014年报道称饮用水在氯化消毒过程中也会产生少量DCA[4]。因此,有关DCA的毒理与安全性研究则主要从药物毒理学以及环境毒理学两个领域展开,以评价其对人体健康的影响。本文拟从DCA的作用机制、临床应用及有关研究、毒理学研究等方面综述其近年的国内外研究进展,期望能为DCA综合开发利用提供参考。
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