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疲劳是指机体由于某一生理变化过程不能维持其运动机能在某一特定水平或者不能维持其运动强度在某一预定水平[1]。疲劳是日常生活中非常普遍的生理现象,通常人们经过一定的体力或是脑力劳动后会感到疲乏无力,疲劳发生时可导致抑郁、焦虑等问题,通常被认为与认知障碍、睡眠质量差、身体功能障碍和能量失衡有关[2-3]。关于疲劳产生的机制有多种解释,主要包括能源衰竭学说、疲劳相关的代谢产物堆积和自由基学说等。其中,运动过程中产生的自由基攻击细胞和线粒体等生物膜,导致氧化与抗氧化作用失衡,被认为是运动性疲劳产生的主要原因之一[4-6]。目前临床上用于缓解疲劳的药物或疗法较少,因此,从疲劳产生机制出发,开发新型抗疲劳药物或潜在物质具有重大意义。
纳米硒(SeNPs)作为一种抗氧化剂,在治疗氧化应激相关疾病中具有潜在的应用前景。然而,SeNPs由于表面能高,通常稳定性较差,容易发生聚沉,形成灰色或黑色的元素硒[7]。功能化SeNPs具有较低的毒性和较高的生物兼容性及反应性,有助于提高疗效和临床应用价值[8]。虎奶菇[Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer]又称菌核侧耳、茯苓侧耳等,为担子菌纲口蘑科侧耳属真菌,性甘温,补气益血,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,是一种珍贵的药食两用真菌[9],在民间常被用于治疗哮喘、感冒发烧、胃病等疾病[10]。研究表明,多糖是虎奶菇重要的活性成分之一,具有增强小鼠免疫力、提高抗氧化应激能力和抑制肝脏脂质过氧化等多种药理活性[11-12]。
我们前期的试验利用非洲野生虎奶菇菌核多糖作为封端剂,制备出大小可控、高稳定性的新型纳米硒——虎奶菇多糖功能化纳米硒(PTR-SeNPs)[13]。研究表明,PTR-SeNPs具有显著的保肝、抗细菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤和促进骨形成等多种生物药理活性,表现出巨大的潜在临床应用价值和开发前景[14-18]。本文探究PTR-SeNPs对游泳运动性疲劳的拮抗作用,以期为PTR-SeNPs作为天然补硒剂在抗疲劳保健品或药品的开发和应用提供实验依据。
Anti-fatigue activity of selenium nanoparticles functionalized by polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium
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摘要:
目的 通过检测小鼠后肢肌肉相对长度、负重游泳时间及其血清和肝脏相关指标,探究虎奶菇菌核多糖功能化纳米硒(PTR-SeNPs)的体内抗疲劳功效。 方法 48只雄性C57/BL6小鼠分为4组,每组12只,即对照组、游泳训练组(EC组)、PTR-SeNPs低剂量组(LPTR-SeNPs组)、PTR-SeNPs高剂量组(HPTR-SeNPs组),分别给予生理盐水(对照组与EC组)、LPTR-SeNPs[2.5 μmol/(kg·bw)]和HPTR-SeNPs[10 μmol/(kg·bw)],1次/d,连续灌胃21 d。通过磁共振成像系统分析PTR-SeNPs对小鼠游泳训练后肢肌肉结构的影响,同时测定小鼠的负重游泳时间并检测血清中血乳酸(BLA)、血尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量及肝脏中肝糖原(HG)、丙二醛(MDA)水平和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。 结果 与对照组比较,EC组小鼠血清BLA、BUN、ALT、AST及LDH含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),HPTR-SeNPs组小鼠肝脏中CAT含量显著升高(P<0.01),小鼠后肢肌肉相对长度显著增长(P<0.05),负重力竭游泳时间提高(P<0.05),L/HPTR-SeNPs组MDA水平无明显差异;与EC组比较,HPTR-SeNPs组小鼠负重游泳时间显著延长(P<0.01),BLA及BUN含量均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),L/HPTR-SeNPs组HG含量显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),HPTR-SeNPs组血清ALT、AST及LDH水平均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),肝脏CAT活力显著升高(P<0.01),LPTR-SeNPs组血清AST活力显著降低(P<0.05)、肝脏SOD活力显著升高(P<0.05)。 结论 PTR-SeNPs具有改善肝脏生理功能、增加糖原储备、减少代谢物堆积及增强机体抗氧化能力,以及减缓疲劳的作用,具有开发成保健品或药品的潜力。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of PTR-SeNPs in vivo by measuring the muscle relative length of hindlimb, load-bearing swimming time as well as serum and liver indexes of mice. Methods 48 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 12 mice in each group, including vehicle control group (control group), swimming training exercise group (EC group) with vehicle treatment, swimming training exercise with low dose of PTR-SeNPs group (LPTR-SeNPs) and high dose of PTR-SeNPs group (HPTR-SeNPs). The mice were intragastrically administrated with normal saline in both control group and EC group, as well as 2.5 and 10 μmol/(kg·bw) PTR-SeNPs in LHPTR-SeNPs group, respectively, once per day for consecutively 21 days. After swimming training exercise, the muscle structures in the hind limb of mice were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, the burdened swimming time was measured, the serum content of blood lactic acid (BLA), urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamic oxalate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the hepatic level of glycogen (HG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Results Compared with the control group, the serum contents of BLA, BUN, ALT, AST and LDH in EC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and hepatic CAT in HPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.01) were significantly increased. The muscle relative length of hind limbs and the burdened swimming time were extended by HPTR-SeNPs markedly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in MDA level in LHPTR-SeNPs group. Compared with EC group, the burdened swimming time of mice was significantly prolonged (P<0.01), the contents of BLA and BUN were obviously decreased in the HPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the level of HG was significantly increased in the LHPTR-SeNPs groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the serum content of ALT, AST and LDH were markedly decreased in the HPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Hepatic SOD activity was remarkably increased in LPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.05), the level of CAT was evidently increased (P<0.01) and AST was decreased (P<0.05) in the HPTR-SeNPs group. Conclusion PTR-SeNPs could improve the liver physiological function, increase glycogen storage, reduce the accumulation of metabolites and enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity to ameliorate fatigue significantly, which could present the potential to be developed into health care products or drugs. -
Key words:
- PTR-SeNPs /
- swimming training exercise /
- antioxidant stress /
- anti-fatigue effect
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