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Volume 40 Issue 1
Jan.  2022
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HUANG Jingjing, CHEN Hao, LI Linrui, LUO Zhurong, LIN Xianliang. The effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial blood perfusion and short-term prognosis for STEMI patients after PPCI[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2022, 40(1): 79-83. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202008009
Citation: HUANG Jingjing, CHEN Hao, LI Linrui, LUO Zhurong, LIN Xianliang. The effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial blood perfusion and short-term prognosis for STEMI patients after PPCI[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2022, 40(1): 79-83. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202008009

The effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial blood perfusion and short-term prognosis for STEMI patients after PPCI

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202008009
  • Received Date: 2020-08-04
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-01-05
  • Available Online: 2022-01-20
  • Publish Date: 2022-01-25
  •   Objective  To observe the effects of Shexiang Baoxin pill combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial perfusion and short-term prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.  Methods  151 patients with acute myocardial infarction after PPCI were enrolled in this study. Those patients were admitted to our hospital during January 2017 to January 2018. According to the numerical randomization method, 51 patients were selected as routine treatment group (group A), 50 patients with intracoronary injection of nicorandil (group B) and 50 patients received intracoronary injection of nicorandil plus oral Shexiang Baoxin pills (group C). Intra-operative corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), postoperative TIMI grade 3 blood flow ratio, 2-hour ECG ST segment fallback >50% index, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and the incidence of angina and MACE within 3 months after surgery were evaluated.  Results  cTFC, 2 hours postoperative ECG ST segment fall >50% index in group B and C were better than group A (P<0.05). The results from group C were better than group B. Group C exhibited better results than group B and C in post-operative angina pectoris 3 months after surgery (P<0.05).  Conclusion  Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intra-coronary injection of nicorandil can improve myocardial perfusion and short-term prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
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    [2] ABBO K M, DOORIS M, GLAZIER S, et al. Features and outcome of no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention[J]. Am J Cardiol,1995,75(12):778-782. doi:  10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80410-X
    [3] 戴瑞鸿. 我与麝香保心丸[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2000(4):243-244. doi:  10.3321/j.issn:1003-5370.2000.04.001
    [4] 齐华阁, 朱永春. 核素心肌显像评价麝香保心丸治疗劳累型心绞痛的疗效[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 1998, 18(3):148-149. doi:  10.3321/j.issn:1003-5370.1998.03.008
    [5] 吕国庆, 王受益, 戴瑞鸿. 麝香保心丸临床药理学初步探讨[J]. 临床心血管病杂志, 1986(3):161-163.
    [6] 张高峰. 麝香保心丸对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌的保护作用及机理研究[D]. 上海: 上海医科大学. 1998.
    [7] 刘腊平, 戴新斌. 心肌核素显像检查评价麝香保心丸治疗心肌缺血效果[J]. 内蒙古中医药, 2014(36):24. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1006-0979.2014.36.024
    [8] 张瑞岩, 高炜. 急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南(2019)[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2019, 47(10):766-783.
    [9] GIBSON C M, CANNON C P, DALEY W L, et al. TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow[J]. Circulation,1996,93(5):879-888. doi:  10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.879
    [10] KAWATA T, MIMURO T, ONUKI T, et al. The K(ATP) channel opener nicorandil: effect on renal hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats[J]. Kidney Int Suppl,1998,67:S231-S233.
    [11] VANDEN HOEK T, BECKER L B, SHAO Z H, et al. Preconditioning in cardiomyocytes protects by attenuating oxidant stress at reperfusion[J]. Circ Res,2000,86(5):541-548. doi:  10.1161/01.RES.86.5.541
    [12] MARINOVIC J, LJUBKOVIC M, STADNICKA A, et al. Role of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis: mitochondrial connection[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008,294(3):H1317-H1325. doi:  10.1152/ajpheart.00840.2007
    [13] ISHIDA H, HIROTA Y, GENKA C, et al. Opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels attenuates the ouabain-induced calcium overload in mitochondria[J]. Circ Res,2001,89(10):856-858. doi:  10.1161/hh2201.100341
    [14] 曹芳芳, 李艳芳, 张玲姬, 等. 麝香保心丸对心力衰竭大鼠内皮素1和肾上腺髓质素水平的影响[J]. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2010, 12(5):448-451. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1009-0126.2010.05.022
    [15] 钟春荣, 符传艺, 张捷君, 等. 微小RNA-497在麝香保心丸治疗AMI后心室重构中的作用研究[J]. 中南医学科学杂志, 2020, 48(4):368-373.
    [16] 魏姗姗, 詹常森, 邓中平. 麝香保心丸安全性研究概述[J]. 中成药, 2015, 37(5):1080-1082. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2015.05.034
    [17] 谭巨涛, 沈洪. 麝香保心丸改善行冠状动脉介入术的急性冠状动脉综合征患者心肌微循环的研究[J]. 山西医药杂志(上半月), 2011(6):612-613.
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The effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial blood perfusion and short-term prognosis for STEMI patients after PPCI

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202008009

Abstract:   Objective  To observe the effects of Shexiang Baoxin pill combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial perfusion and short-term prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.  Methods  151 patients with acute myocardial infarction after PPCI were enrolled in this study. Those patients were admitted to our hospital during January 2017 to January 2018. According to the numerical randomization method, 51 patients were selected as routine treatment group (group A), 50 patients with intracoronary injection of nicorandil (group B) and 50 patients received intracoronary injection of nicorandil plus oral Shexiang Baoxin pills (group C). Intra-operative corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), postoperative TIMI grade 3 blood flow ratio, 2-hour ECG ST segment fallback >50% index, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and the incidence of angina and MACE within 3 months after surgery were evaluated.  Results  cTFC, 2 hours postoperative ECG ST segment fall >50% index in group B and C were better than group A (P<0.05). The results from group C were better than group B. Group C exhibited better results than group B and C in post-operative angina pectoris 3 months after surgery (P<0.05).  Conclusion  Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intra-coronary injection of nicorandil can improve myocardial perfusion and short-term prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

HUANG Jingjing, CHEN Hao, LI Linrui, LUO Zhurong, LIN Xianliang. The effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial blood perfusion and short-term prognosis for STEMI patients after PPCI[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2022, 40(1): 79-83. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202008009
Citation: HUANG Jingjing, CHEN Hao, LI Linrui, LUO Zhurong, LIN Xianliang. The effects of Shexiang Baoxin pills combined with intracoronary injection of nicorandil on myocardial blood perfusion and short-term prognosis for STEMI patients after PPCI[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2022, 40(1): 79-83. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202008009
  • 针对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PPCI)中采用冠脉内注射扩心血管药物是目前改善心肌血流灌注的有效治疗措施之一[1]。但在此种PPCI术后仍有部分患者存在心肌血流再灌注损伤,未能从术中获得最大效益[2]。麝香保心丸有益气活血,芳香温通,行气化瘀的功效[3]。现代临床研究证实,麝香保心丸能够在较短时间内增加心肌血流灌注量,改善心肌供血[4-7]。故本研究拟在行PPCI术后的STEMI患者中观察麝香保心丸联合冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔能否进一步提高患者心肌血流灌注水平,改善短期预后情况。同时,也为本病的治疗提供一种新的中西医治疗思路,为本病的中西医结合研究提供资料。

    • 选择2017年1月至2018年1月于本院行PPCI术的STEMI患者151例,其中,男性126例,女性25例,患者年龄在18~80周岁之间,平均年龄(62.34±10.66)岁,均签署知情同意书。排除近5周内其他心肌梗死病史、对注射用尼可地尔或药理性质相似(如硝酸酯类)药物过敏、严重低血压或优化药物治疗不能纠正的心源性休克、严重肝功能不全及肾功能不全或其他严重疾病的患者。

    • 随机将符合纳入标准的151例急性心肌梗死患者分为常规治疗组(A组)、冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔组(B组)、麝香保心丸+冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔组(C组),患者术前均口服阿司匹林肠溶片300 mg(批准文号:国药准字J20080078)、替格瑞洛180 mg(批准文号:进口药品注册证号H20120486)[8]。A组于PPCI术中在指引导丝通过IRA狭窄病变处且未置入药物洗脱支架之前,经冠状动脉内注入生理盐水2~4 mg(按体重标准:体重≥60 kg为4 mg,<60 kg为2 mg), 推注结束30 s后再行球囊扩张和(或)置入支架;B组于PPCI术中在指引导丝通过IRA狭窄病变处且未置入药物洗脱支架之前,冠脉内注入注射用尼可地尔2~4 mg(用药量按体重标准如前所述),(生产企业:北京四环科宝制药有限公司,规格:12 mg,批准文号:国药准字H20120069),推注结束30 s后再行球囊扩张和(或)置入支架;C组在PPCI术前口服麝香保心丸2粒,于冠状动脉内注入注射用尼可地尔2~4 mg(用药量如前所述),并于PPCI术后24 h内按“2粒,3次/d”剂量开始口服应用麝香保心丸(上海和黄药业有限公司,规格:每丸重22.5 mg,批准文号:国药准字Z31020068,使用方法:口服,一次1~2粒,一日3次,或症状发作时服用)。3组患者术后按STEMI支架置入常规用药,包括阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg/d、氯吡格雷75 mg/d,以及其他根据患者实际情况使用的常规药物,包括他汀类药物、β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂及质子泵抑制剂等。

    • ①在术中开始记录术中即刻cTFC值、术后TIMI 3级血流例数、术后2 h内常规十二导心电图ST段回落>50%例数。②在院期间完善心脏超声检查,记录患者左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)。③认真记录住院期间MACE的发生情况及心肌梗死介入治疗后心血管不良事件,包括心血管死亡、术后再灌注心律失常、新发心力衰竭或原有心力衰竭加重、靶血管再次血运重建及出血、肝肾功能异常等。④收集3组患者术后3个月内心绞痛发作CCS分级及MACE发生情况,主要为心血管死亡、新发心衰或原有心衰加重、靶血管再次血运重建。

    • 采用SPSS19.0软件,以P<0.05为有统计学意义。定量资料用($ \bar x$±s)或中位数及四分位数表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验或秩和检验。定性资料用频数及百分比表示,所有理论数T≥5的用Pearson卡方检验,有理论数T<1的则用Fisher精确检验。

    • 将A组、B组、C组术前各项基础资料进行比较,3组之间的性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、B型利钠肽(BNP)、随机血糖(RBG)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)及吸烟史等无显著性差异(P>0.05),详见表1

      观察项目A组(n=51)B组(n=50)C组(n=50)P
      男性[例(%)]43(84.3)41(82.0)42(84.0)0.944
      年龄(岁,$ \bar x$±s)63.27±10.4761.86±11.1161.86±10.390.364
      高血压病[例(%)]29(56.9)33(66.0)27(54.0)0.444
      糖尿病[例(%)]13(25.5)16(32.0)13(26.0)0.721
      吸烟[例(%)]27(52.9)26(52.0)29(58.0)0.810
      RBG(mmol/L,$ \bar x$±s)8.05±2.558.60±2.588.53±2.180.464
      LDL-C(mmol/L,$ \bar x$±s)3.12±0.893.26±0.973.14±0.820.691
      BNP[μg/L,M(Q1,Q3)]268.7(140.9,531.62)284.2(168.1,706.47)266.9(112.2,660.5)0.721
      NEUT[×109/L,M(Q1,Q3)]9.5(6.18,12.91)9.89(3.5,12.52)9.14(3.67,21.025)0.916
      Killip分级[例(%)]0.726
       Ⅰ级28(54.9)26(52.0)31(62.0)
       Ⅱ级19(37.3)22(44.0)16(32.0)
       Ⅲ级4(7.8)2(4.0)3(6.0)
    • 对比3组术中PPCI基线资料,记录3组术中病变血管数、梗死相关血管(IRA)、梗死相关血管的TIMI血流等级、梗死相关血管的血栓评分、术中替罗非班使用情况、术中血栓抽吸情况、支架置入支数、发病至球囊扩张时间(SO-to-B)、进入胸痛中心大门至球囊扩张时间(DO-to-B),发现3组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),详见表2

      观察项目A组(n=51)B组(n=50)C组(n=50)P
      病变血管数(支,$\bar x $±s2.16±0.782.22±0.761.90±0.810.102
      梗死相关血管[例(%)]0.795
       LAD28(54.9)26(52.0)22(44.0)
       LCX5(9.8)7(14.0)8(16.0)
       RCA18(35.3)17(34.0)20(40.0)
      TIMI血流分级[例(%)]0.945
       0~1级242226
       2级202018
       3级786
      IRA血栓评分[例(%)]0.812
       0~2分323434
       3~4分191616
      置入支架(枚,$\bar x $±s1.22±0.501.18±0.391.22±0.430.810
      替罗非班[例(%)]27(52.9)31(62.0)30(60.0)0.624
      血栓抽吸[例(%)]3(5.9)4(8.0)7(14.0)0.346
      SO-to-B(t/h)4.88±2.054.93±2.535.11±2.030.863
      DO-to-B(t/min)87.82±16.0492.80±18.4285.38±18.460.105
      注:LAD为左前降支,LCX为左回旋支,RCA为右冠状动脉。
    • 将3组PPCI术后心肌血流灌注指标进行比较,结果显示3组患者在TIMI3级血流的比例上无统计学差异(P>0.05),但在TIMI 3级血流的比例均较高,且C组患者TIMI血流为3级的比例均高于A、B两组,考虑3组患者均于术中开通IRA,在大血管水平已得到血流灌注,C组患者TIMI 3级血流比例高于另外两组,有优于A、B组的倾向;对比3组患者的cTFC值,存在统计学差异(P<0.05),C组患者cTFC值低于A、B两组,提示C组患者心肌血流灌注优于A、B两组;比较术后2 h心电图回落>50%(STR)比例,3组患者在STR上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察患者CK-MB峰值及在院期间LVEF和LVEDD,3组患者无差异,详见表3

      观察项目A组(n=51)B组(n=50)C组(n=50)P
      TIMI3级血流
      [例(%)]
      38(74.5)39(78.0)47(94.0)0.77
      cTFC(帧)26.88±9.5524.69±8.8221.48±7.340.011
      STR36(70.0)39(78.0)46(92.0)0.024
      CK-MB峰值[U/L,M(Q1,Q3)]207.0(116.0,297.0)190.0(102.5,332.2)199.0(133.5,199.0)0.813
      LVEF(%,$ \bar x$±s57.85±5.7858.59±6.5358.51±5,7870.632
      LVEDD(%,$ \bar x$±s50.30±4.6951.15±4.0651.29±4.660.487
      注:cTFC为校正的TIMI帧数,校正的因素包括性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、血栓评分、发病至球囊扩张时间和球囊扩张次数;CK-MB为肌酸激酵同工酶;LVEF为左心室射血分数;LVEDD为左心室舒张末期内径。
    • 对比3组患者在院期间MACE事件,主要记录心力衰竭、严重心律失常、心血管死亡、靶血管再次血运重建等事件的发生率,3组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。随访3组患者3个月,比较患者术后3个月内的心绞痛分级,术后3个月内C组患者心绞痛分级明显优于A、B两组,且差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。对比患者术后3个月的MACE发生率,3组无统计学差异(P>0.05),详见表4表5

      观察项目A组(n=51)B组(n=50)C组(n=50)P
      平均住院天数9.35±1.988.82±1.629.52±1.660.122
      住院期间MACE[例(%)]
      心力衰竭19(37.3)20(40.0)17(34.0)0.824
      严重心律失常9(17.6)8(16.0)4(8.0)0.327
      心血管死亡1(2.0)0(0.0)2(4.0)0.358
      靶血管再次血运重建0(0.0)0(0.0)1(2.0)0.362
      观察项目A组(n=51)B组(n=50)C组(n=50)P
      心绞痛CCS分级0.000
       无心绞痛0(0.0)0(0.0)8(16.0)
       Ⅰ级19(37.3)30(60.0)32(64.0)
       Ⅱ级28(54.9)18(36.0)10(20.0)
       Ⅲ级4(7.8)2(4.0)0(0.0)
       慢性心力衰竭14(27.5)19(38.0)12(24.0)0.280
       心血管死亡2(3.9)0(0.0)0(0.0)0.137
       靶血管再次血运重建1(2.0)0(0.0)0(0.0)0.373
    • 根据3组患者术后3个月内用药情况的比较,发现3组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。

    • 校正的TIMI帧数(cTFC)已作为对冠状动脉再通后心肌血流再灌注情况的评价指标。cTFC是指造影剂染色从靶血管近端至该血管末梢显影所耗的曝光帧数,常以前降支为(36.2±2.6)帧,回旋支为(22.2±4.1)帧,右冠状动脉为(20.4±3.0)帧作为评估参数[9],能够较为客观地通过PCI术后再灌注血管的血流充盈及流速情况评估是否出现再灌注后心肌血流灌注障碍。目前对再灌注后心肌血流灌注障碍形成的机制尚不清楚,有可能与心肌细胞中的自由基与钙超载现象、栓塞、炎性因子作用、内皮细胞缺血性损伤、机械性压迫等有关。

      尼可地尔作为钾离子通道开放剂,是临床上第一个有硝酸酯样作用且有效的三磷酸腺苷ATP敏感性钾离子通道开放剂。钾离子通道开放剂可扩张100 μm以下的冠状动脉血管,减轻微循环阻力[10],对梗死心肌能起到缺血预处理,减少氧自由基[11]和钙超载现象[12-13],改善心肌微循环障碍,减少无复流、慢血流的发生。前期开展的临床研究已经证实,冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔的方式能预防性减少心绞痛的发生,并能在较短时间内改善心肌血流灌注水平,其机制均可能与冠状动脉微循环障碍得到改善有关[1]

      麝香保心丸由人工麝香、人参提取物、人工牛黄、肉桂、苏合香、蟾蜍、冰片等研制而成,具有芳香温通、益气强心之效[3]。现代药理实验研究证实麝香保心丸对内皮素1诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖有抑制作用,可促进血管内皮细胞增殖,改善血管内皮细胞分泌功能,从而保护血管内皮[14];同时,能降低受试者血清基质金属蛋白酶2、C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体等水平, 可改善大鼠急性心肌梗死后的血流动力,能显著抑制梗死心肌中炎性因子的释放、抑制血小板黏附和微血管血栓形成,长期服用该药具有抑制心室重塑的作用,且对患者安全可耐受[15-16]

      单独使用麝香保心丸[17]或尼可地尔对心肌血流灌注均有改善作用,在本研究组中将两药联合使用且尼可地尔采用冠脉内注射的方式,可提高药物治疗的有效率并缩短药效发挥的时间。在本研究中,单独使用冠脉内注入尼可地尔组与麝香保心丸联合冠脉内注射尼可地尔组均有使cTFC下降趋势,明显减少慢血流发生率,两组在治疗期间患者均未出现药物不良反应、低血压、出血等并发症。此外,与单独使用冠脉内注入尼可地尔组比较,cTFC值在联用组的患者中更具优势,预示急性心肌梗死患者的心肌血流灌注更充分,且该组患者STR及术后3个月内心绞痛分级也存在进一步获益情况,进一步证实了麝香保心丸联合冠脉内尼可地尔可改善心肌供血、减少心肌缺血面积、保护心肌预后。

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