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滇南金线兰Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe ex Downie为兰科(Orchidaceae)金线兰属植物,主要分布于我国云南南部至西南部,缅甸、老挝、泰国也有分布 [1]。滇南金线兰与同属植物金线兰A. roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl的植物形态相似,主要含内酯苷、黄酮、多糖、挥发油等成分[2-3]。金线兰是福建特色中药金线莲的基原植物,具有保肝、降血糖、免疫调节、抗类风湿性关节炎、抗骨质疏松、抗氧化等生物活性[4-9]。滇南金线兰水提物具有抗炎和胰岛素抵抗作用[10],其他方面的药理活性研究鲜见报道。课题组在前期金线莲资源调查过程中发现,民间常把滇南金线兰当作金线莲使用。虽然滇南金线兰和金线兰都含有内酯苷、黄酮和多糖类成分,但是二者中这些成分的含量是否有显著差异?滇南金线兰能否替代金线兰,当作金线莲使用?这些问题都还有待进一步的研究。因此,为确保临床用药的准确性,本文对滇南金线兰原植物进行鉴定,就植物形态特征、显微特征等进行观察描述,旨在为该药的准确鉴别,以及进一步的开发利用提供参考。
Plant pharmacognostic and microscopic identification of Anoectochilus burmannicus
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摘要:
目的 对滇南金线兰进行生药鉴定,明确其原植物形态和显微特征。 方法 采用生药学鉴定方法,观察滇南金线兰的原植物形态、组织构造及粉末显微特征。 结果 叶片呈卵形或卵状披针形,具金红色叶脉,花不倒置,唇瓣黄色,呈Y字形,前部明显扩大并2裂,裂片狭长圆形或狭倒披针形,中部收狭成长10 mm左右、其边缘具狭翅。显微结构中,根、茎横切面中皮层明显,具草酸钙针晶、黏液细胞等;叶横切面上表皮细胞乳突状,下表皮气孔类型多样,以不定式气孔为主。粉末中可见草酸钙针晶和导管。 结论 滇南金线兰的生药鉴定为其资源开发利用提供了参考依据。 Abstract:Objective To identify the crude drugs of Anoectochilus burmannicus, and clarify its original plant pharmacognostical and microscopic characteristics. Methods The pharmacognostical identification method was used to observe the original plant, tissue structure and microscopic characteristics of A. burmannicus. Results Leaves were ovate or ovate elliptic with golden-red veins. Non-inverted yellow flowers had Y-shaped and yellow labellum, which were anteriorly enlarged and 2-lobed. The lobes were narrowly oblong or narrowly oblanceolate. The middle part of labellum was narrow to form a 10 mm long structure with margin narrowly winged. In the microscopic structure, the cortex is obvious in the cross sections of root and stem, together with needle crystals of calcium oxalate and mucous cells. The upper epidermal cells on the cross section of the leaves were papilloid in shape, whereas diverse stomas existed among the lower epidermal cells, with anomocytic stomas as the major type. Needle crystals of calcium oxalate and conduits can be found in the powder. Conclusion These data provide a reference for the identification and resource development and utilization of A. burmannicus. -
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