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丙戊酸钠是一种临床常用的抗癫痫药物,用于治疗全身和部分发作类型的癫痫,同时,丙戊酸钠也可用于治疗与双向情感障碍相关的躁狂发作[1]。丙戊酸钠中毒可能偶然发生,也可能是有意而为之,尤其是对有自残意图的患者[2]。急性丙戊酸钠中毒通常表现为中枢神经系统抑制、肝酶升高、血氨升高和电解质紊乱,如高钠血症等。严重过量使用丙戊酸钠的患者可出现低血压、心动过速、呼吸抑制、代谢性酸中毒、脑水肿等,如果不积极治疗,可进展为昏迷甚至死亡[3]。本文报道一例丙戊酸钠中毒患者的救治过程,为临床救治药物中毒患者中如何发挥临床药师的作用提供参考。
Analysis of clinical pharmacists participating in the treatment of a case of sodium valproate poisoning
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摘要:
目的 通过分析临床药师参与一例丙戊酸钠中毒患者的救治过程,探讨临床药师在药物中毒救治过程中的作用。 方法 临床药师通过测定丙戊酸钠血药浓度指导医生诊断病情,初期高浓度时先以连续静脉-静脉血液透析-滤过(CVVHDF)清除游离药物,后期联合血液灌流进行结合态丙戊酸钠清除。 结果 首次CVVHDF时血药浓度下降一半,随后两次血液灌流后血药浓度明显下降,稳定观察,血药浓度维持较低水平后予以痊愈出院,病程5 d。 结论 药师参与的血药浓度监测下的血液净化方案的实施,有助于药物过量的抢救,值得推广。 Abstract:Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the treatment of drug poisoning by analyzing the clinical pharmacist's participation in the treatment of a patient with sodium valproate poisoning. Methods Clinical pharmacists measured the plasma concentration of sodium valproate to inform the doctor to diagnose illnesses. At the initial stage when the concentration is high, to eliminate the free drug by continuous venous-venous hemodialysis-filtration (CVVHDF). Then, the combined drug was cleared by hemoperfusion (HP). Results The blood concentration dropped by half at the first CVVHDF and decreased obviously after two HPs. After stable observation in five days’ course of disease, the blood concentration was maintained at a low level and the patient was cured and discharged. Conclusion The implementation of the blood purification program under the monitoring of the blood drug concentration with the participation of pharmacists is helpful for the rescue of drug overdose and is worthy of promotion. -
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