2018 Vol. 36, No. 5
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2018, 36(5): 385-388,456.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.001
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The protein phosphatase 2C family (PP2C), belonging the protein phosphatases, is a kind of importantly specific serine/threonine dephosphatase. Recent studies show that PP2C control a lot of critical cellular functions:proliferation, cell cycle arrest, senescence and programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy, showing potentially biological role in regulating immune response, aging, neurogenesis and tumorigenesis. Several dominant cellular signaling pathways controlled by PP2C gene subtypes were reviewed in this paper, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT, transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)/Smads, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and DNA-damage response pathways, which offered new ways to clarify the molecular basis and regular mechanisms for those physiological and pathological processes.
The protein phosphatase 2C family (PP2C), belonging the protein phosphatases, is a kind of importantly specific serine/threonine dephosphatase. Recent studies show that PP2C control a lot of critical cellular functions:proliferation, cell cycle arrest, senescence and programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy, showing potentially biological role in regulating immune response, aging, neurogenesis and tumorigenesis. Several dominant cellular signaling pathways controlled by PP2C gene subtypes were reviewed in this paper, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-AKT, transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)/Smads, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and DNA-damage response pathways, which offered new ways to clarify the molecular basis and regular mechanisms for those physiological and pathological processes.
2018, 36(5): 389-391,398.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.002
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Cortex phellodendri is a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat, purging fire and dampness, detoxification and detumescence. Its main chemical constituents are flavonoids and alkaloids, which have many pharmacological effects, such as immunosuppressive, hypoglycemic and lowering blood pressure. In this paper, the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of cypress are reviewed in order to provide the references for further research and development of cypress.
Cortex phellodendri is a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat, purging fire and dampness, detoxification and detumescence. Its main chemical constituents are flavonoids and alkaloids, which have many pharmacological effects, such as immunosuppressive, hypoglycemic and lowering blood pressure. In this paper, the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of cypress are reviewed in order to provide the references for further research and development of cypress.
2018, 36(5): 392-398.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.003
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This article reviews the research on the effects of symbiotic fungi on plant drought resistance. Symbiotic fungi are widely distributed,which can form symbionts with plants. Studies have shown that some endophyte and symbiotic fungi can enhance plant's biological and non-biological stress tolerance,including drought, high temperature,mineral disorder and high salt. The plants infected by symbiotic fungi are more competitive than uninfected plants to the limited resources and grow better. Symbiotic fungi can enhance the resistance tolerance of plants through diverse channels. The mechanisms of improving the drought resistance mainly related to the absorption of nutrients,plants protection systems, hormonal regulations,hydrolytic enzymes,water metabolisms,related gene expressions,plants defense signal pathways,etc. This paper summarized the mechanism research progress of symbiotic fungi on improving plant drought resistance,which gave readers a comprehensive and updated information in this field.
This article reviews the research on the effects of symbiotic fungi on plant drought resistance. Symbiotic fungi are widely distributed,which can form symbionts with plants. Studies have shown that some endophyte and symbiotic fungi can enhance plant's biological and non-biological stress tolerance,including drought, high temperature,mineral disorder and high salt. The plants infected by symbiotic fungi are more competitive than uninfected plants to the limited resources and grow better. Symbiotic fungi can enhance the resistance tolerance of plants through diverse channels. The mechanisms of improving the drought resistance mainly related to the absorption of nutrients,plants protection systems, hormonal regulations,hydrolytic enzymes,water metabolisms,related gene expressions,plants defense signal pathways,etc. This paper summarized the mechanism research progress of symbiotic fungi on improving plant drought resistance,which gave readers a comprehensive and updated information in this field.
2018, 36(5): 399-402,421.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.004
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Objective To investigate the potential effect of marine sponge-derived smenospongine (Sme) on apoptosis in breast cancer MCF7 cells. Methods The CCK-8 method was used to detect growth-inhibitory effect of Sme against MCF7 cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. Changes in nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells were assessed by DAPI staining. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl2, cytochorome C, p38 and p-p38. Results Sme exhibited suppressive effect on the proliferation of MCF7 cells, with IC50 value of (16.46±0.88) μmol/L. DAPI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining revealed that Sme significantly induced apoptosis. The apoptosis rate was increased rapidly from 4.18% to 21.49% with the raise of Sme concentration. Further study showed that mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after Sme incubation. Western blotting analysis displayed that the expression of Bax was increased and the expression of Bcl2 was decreased, which resulted in the release of cytochorome C. Meanwhile, the phosphorylated level of p38 was significantly elevated. Conclusion Sme inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells and might activate intrinsic apoptosis through p38 MAPK pathway.
Objective To investigate the potential effect of marine sponge-derived smenospongine (Sme) on apoptosis in breast cancer MCF7 cells. Methods The CCK-8 method was used to detect growth-inhibitory effect of Sme against MCF7 cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. Changes in nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells were assessed by DAPI staining. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl2, cytochorome C, p38 and p-p38. Results Sme exhibited suppressive effect on the proliferation of MCF7 cells, with IC50 value of (16.46±0.88) μmol/L. DAPI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining revealed that Sme significantly induced apoptosis. The apoptosis rate was increased rapidly from 4.18% to 21.49% with the raise of Sme concentration. Further study showed that mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after Sme incubation. Western blotting analysis displayed that the expression of Bax was increased and the expression of Bcl2 was decreased, which resulted in the release of cytochorome C. Meanwhile, the phosphorylated level of p38 was significantly elevated. Conclusion Sme inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells and might activate intrinsic apoptosis through p38 MAPK pathway.
2018, 36(5): 403-408,416.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.005
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Objective To study the mechanism of Ganlibao capsule on liver protection by network pharmacology. Methods The active ingredients of Ganlibao capsule were selected and the targets of these ingredients were predicted by the reverse pharmacophore method. The molecule-regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network of the component-action target were constructed by Cytoscape and the String database respectively. The gene function and signal pathway analysis of the targets were analyzed by DAVID database. Results Nineteen active compounds were screened from the Ganlibao capsule, which involved 88 targets. The results of the network analysis showed that Ganlibao capsule exerted hepato-protective effects mainly through biological processes such as metabolic processes, regulation of cell death and response to lipids, and regulation of TNF, FoxO, Ras, ErbB, HIF-1, and TLR signaling pathways. Conclusion Ganlibao capsule could protect liver by multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which might be through the regulation of cell death, TNF, FoxO, Ras and other related pathways.
Objective To study the mechanism of Ganlibao capsule on liver protection by network pharmacology. Methods The active ingredients of Ganlibao capsule were selected and the targets of these ingredients were predicted by the reverse pharmacophore method. The molecule-regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network of the component-action target were constructed by Cytoscape and the String database respectively. The gene function and signal pathway analysis of the targets were analyzed by DAVID database. Results Nineteen active compounds were screened from the Ganlibao capsule, which involved 88 targets. The results of the network analysis showed that Ganlibao capsule exerted hepato-protective effects mainly through biological processes such as metabolic processes, regulation of cell death and response to lipids, and regulation of TNF, FoxO, Ras, ErbB, HIF-1, and TLR signaling pathways. Conclusion Ganlibao capsule could protect liver by multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which might be through the regulation of cell death, TNF, FoxO, Ras and other related pathways.
2018, 36(5): 409-416.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.006
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Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related intestinal epithelial cells, Kupffer cells and liver parenchymal cells. Methods Human intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2, rat Kupffer cells and mouse liver parenchymal cell AML12 were divided into eight groups respectively:the control group, LPS group, Lactobacillus acidophilus group, LPS+Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Enterococcus faecalis group, LPS+Enterococcus faecalis group, Bifidobacterium group and LPS+Bifidobacterium group. All cells were incubated for 6 h and collected to detect the expression of tight junction related factors and cell permeability of human intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2, the levels of functional factors, IκB and p-IκB of rat Kupffer cells, the expression of lipid metabolism genes and lipid absorption of hepatocytes AML12. Results Probiotics significantly inhibited the expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, JAM, ZO-1 and cell permeability induced by LPS in human intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2. Probiotics decreased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and increased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 caused by LPS in rat Kupffer cells. The protein level of p-IκB was also inhibited by probiotics. In addition, probiotics significantly inhibited the upregulation of ACACA, SREBF1, FAS, FABP3, FABP4, DGAT1 and lipid absorption induced by LPS in mouse liver parenchymal cells AML12. Conclusion Probiotics can protect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through promoting the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction related factors, reducing epithelial cells permeability, inhibiting the activity of NF-κB pathway to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Kuffer cells, inhibiting lipid metabolism genes expression and lipid absorption of hepatocytes.
Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related intestinal epithelial cells, Kupffer cells and liver parenchymal cells. Methods Human intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2, rat Kupffer cells and mouse liver parenchymal cell AML12 were divided into eight groups respectively:the control group, LPS group, Lactobacillus acidophilus group, LPS+Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Enterococcus faecalis group, LPS+Enterococcus faecalis group, Bifidobacterium group and LPS+Bifidobacterium group. All cells were incubated for 6 h and collected to detect the expression of tight junction related factors and cell permeability of human intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2, the levels of functional factors, IκB and p-IκB of rat Kupffer cells, the expression of lipid metabolism genes and lipid absorption of hepatocytes AML12. Results Probiotics significantly inhibited the expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, JAM, ZO-1 and cell permeability induced by LPS in human intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2. Probiotics decreased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and increased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 caused by LPS in rat Kupffer cells. The protein level of p-IκB was also inhibited by probiotics. In addition, probiotics significantly inhibited the upregulation of ACACA, SREBF1, FAS, FABP3, FABP4, DGAT1 and lipid absorption induced by LPS in mouse liver parenchymal cells AML12. Conclusion Probiotics can protect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through promoting the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction related factors, reducing epithelial cells permeability, inhibiting the activity of NF-κB pathway to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Kuffer cells, inhibiting lipid metabolism genes expression and lipid absorption of hepatocytes.
2018, 36(5): 417-421.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.007
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Objective To synthesize position 1 substituted sinomenine derivatives and study their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Methods A series of substituted sinomenine derivatives were prepared by bromination of sinomenine and Suzuki coupling reaction on the A ring 1. All compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and MS. The reporter gene method was used to study the effect of sinomenine derivatives on NF-κB transcriptional activity. Results All the compounds obtained with Suzuki coupling reaction exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity than the parent compound,sinomenine. Conclusion Two top performers, 4f and 4g ,can be used as drug candidates. A further study on those compounds will have significant implication for the development of rheumatoid arthritis drugs.
Objective To synthesize position 1 substituted sinomenine derivatives and study their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Methods A series of substituted sinomenine derivatives were prepared by bromination of sinomenine and Suzuki coupling reaction on the A ring 1. All compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and MS. The reporter gene method was used to study the effect of sinomenine derivatives on NF-κB transcriptional activity. Results All the compounds obtained with Suzuki coupling reaction exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity than the parent compound,sinomenine. Conclusion Two top performers, 4f and 4g ,can be used as drug candidates. A further study on those compounds will have significant implication for the development of rheumatoid arthritis drugs.
Establishment of the characteristic index system of drug price based on the main information content
2018, 36(5): 422-425.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.008
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Objective To establish the characteristic index system of drug price based on the factor analysis method with the main information content. Methods The characteristic index system of drug price was preliminarily established, and the importance and feasibility of drug price with characteristics were evaluated respectively by the method of consulting experts. Indicators were screened through the analyzing of reliability and factors based on the main information content. Results With analysis of reliability and factors thereof, the characteristic index system of drug price consisting of 6 primary indexes and 19 secondary indexes was established. Conclusion The index system of drug price which was established via selecting indexes with the factor analysis method based on the main information content, could be applied to the research of drug price.
Objective To establish the characteristic index system of drug price based on the factor analysis method with the main information content. Methods The characteristic index system of drug price was preliminarily established, and the importance and feasibility of drug price with characteristics were evaluated respectively by the method of consulting experts. Indicators were screened through the analyzing of reliability and factors based on the main information content. Results With analysis of reliability and factors thereof, the characteristic index system of drug price consisting of 6 primary indexes and 19 secondary indexes was established. Conclusion The index system of drug price which was established via selecting indexes with the factor analysis method based on the main information content, could be applied to the research of drug price.
2018, 36(5): 426-429,467.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.009
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Objective To improve the quality standards of Hypericum ascyron. Methods Hypericum ascyron was identified by microscopic observation and TLC method.The moisture, total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extract were assayed following the procedures stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents were determined by HPLC. Results Identification methods for Hypericum ascyron with microscopy,TLC and HPLC were established.The limits of moisture,total ash and alcohol soluble extract were defined. Conclusion This study provides scientific data for the quality control of Hypericum ascyron.
Objective To improve the quality standards of Hypericum ascyron. Methods Hypericum ascyron was identified by microscopic observation and TLC method.The moisture, total ash,acid-insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extract were assayed following the procedures stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents were determined by HPLC. Results Identification methods for Hypericum ascyron with microscopy,TLC and HPLC were established.The limits of moisture,total ash and alcohol soluble extract were defined. Conclusion This study provides scientific data for the quality control of Hypericum ascyron.
2018, 36(5): 430-432.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.010
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Objective To establish quality standard for Fufang Huzhangding. Methods Qualitative identification of Polygonum cuspidatum,Apis mellifeta and Borneolum in Fufang Huzhangding by thin layer chromatography;The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water(23:77).The detection wavelength was 306 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The mobile phase consisted of Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm), and the column temperature was maintained at 40℃. Results Polygonum cuspidatum,Apis mellifeta and Borneolum in Fufang Huzhangding appeared distinguishing characteristic of TLC,spots were clear,and showed the same reacts with a reference standard.There was a good linear relationship between the concentration of polydatin and the peak area in the range of 8.25-66.0 μg/ml(r=0.999 9).The average recoveries was 100.1%,RSD was 0.2%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used as a quality control method of the preparation.
Objective To establish quality standard for Fufang Huzhangding. Methods Qualitative identification of Polygonum cuspidatum,Apis mellifeta and Borneolum in Fufang Huzhangding by thin layer chromatography;The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water(23:77).The detection wavelength was 306 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The mobile phase consisted of Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm), and the column temperature was maintained at 40℃. Results Polygonum cuspidatum,Apis mellifeta and Borneolum in Fufang Huzhangding appeared distinguishing characteristic of TLC,spots were clear,and showed the same reacts with a reference standard.There was a good linear relationship between the concentration of polydatin and the peak area in the range of 8.25-66.0 μg/ml(r=0.999 9).The average recoveries was 100.1%,RSD was 0.2%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used as a quality control method of the preparation.
2018, 36(5): 433-437.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.011
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Objective Overweight might be a risk factor of acute mountain sickness (AMS) but its efficacy on developing AMS remained controversial. To study the role of overweight in AMS by a Meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search (last update, February 28th 2018) was carried out by searching electronic databases for full texts of studies which compared incidence of AMS in overweight with non-overweight individuals. The primary outcome measure for this meta-analysis was the incidence of AMS. Mantel-Haenszel random effect model was used to aggregate data. Heterogeneity of included trials was interpreted by I2 values. A α level of 0.05 was used as the level of significance. The results were reported in a forest plot with 95% CI. Revman 5.0 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for data processing and analysis. Results AMS occurred in 300 of 566 (53%) in overweight individuals and in 338 of 1 006 (34%) in non-overweight individuals. Compared with non-overweight individuals and independent of the baseline risk ratio (RR), the combined RR of developing AMS in overweight individuals was 2.02 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.76, Z=2.21, P=0.03). It was suggested that obese was a risk factor for developing AMS. The five included studies had high heterogeneity (I2=94%). Conclusion Although further in-depth studies were needed to confirm the function of overweight in the development of AMS, according to a limited number of studies, overweight might be a risk factor of AMS. Therefore, overweight individuals should be provided adequate prophylaxis against AMS before ascent to high altitude.
Objective Overweight might be a risk factor of acute mountain sickness (AMS) but its efficacy on developing AMS remained controversial. To study the role of overweight in AMS by a Meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search (last update, February 28th 2018) was carried out by searching electronic databases for full texts of studies which compared incidence of AMS in overweight with non-overweight individuals. The primary outcome measure for this meta-analysis was the incidence of AMS. Mantel-Haenszel random effect model was used to aggregate data. Heterogeneity of included trials was interpreted by I2 values. A α level of 0.05 was used as the level of significance. The results were reported in a forest plot with 95% CI. Revman 5.0 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for data processing and analysis. Results AMS occurred in 300 of 566 (53%) in overweight individuals and in 338 of 1 006 (34%) in non-overweight individuals. Compared with non-overweight individuals and independent of the baseline risk ratio (RR), the combined RR of developing AMS in overweight individuals was 2.02 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.76, Z=2.21, P=0.03). It was suggested that obese was a risk factor for developing AMS. The five included studies had high heterogeneity (I2=94%). Conclusion Although further in-depth studies were needed to confirm the function of overweight in the development of AMS, according to a limited number of studies, overweight might be a risk factor of AMS. Therefore, overweight individuals should be provided adequate prophylaxis against AMS before ascent to high altitude.
2018, 36(5): 438-442,452.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.012
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Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Yangwei granules on experimental gastric ulcer. Methods Four animal models of experimental gastric ulcer included water immersion stress and acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats, indomethacin and reserpine induced gastric ulcer in mice were used to observe the therapeutical effects of Yangwei granules on experimental gastric ulcer. The animal model of acetic acid induced writhing reaction test in mice was used to observe the analgesia effect. Results Yangwei granules of gavage administration had good protection effect on four animal models of experimental gastric ulcer. It reduced the degree of gastric mucosa damage and the ulcer index, inhibited the ulcer formation and lowered the ulcer incidence. It also had significant analgesic effect with reduced numbers of writhing reaction in mice model induced by acetic acid. Conclusion Yangwei granules had noticeable therapeutic effects for experimental gastric ulcer. It can be used to treat gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers.
Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Yangwei granules on experimental gastric ulcer. Methods Four animal models of experimental gastric ulcer included water immersion stress and acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats, indomethacin and reserpine induced gastric ulcer in mice were used to observe the therapeutical effects of Yangwei granules on experimental gastric ulcer. The animal model of acetic acid induced writhing reaction test in mice was used to observe the analgesia effect. Results Yangwei granules of gavage administration had good protection effect on four animal models of experimental gastric ulcer. It reduced the degree of gastric mucosa damage and the ulcer index, inhibited the ulcer formation and lowered the ulcer incidence. It also had significant analgesic effect with reduced numbers of writhing reaction in mice model induced by acetic acid. Conclusion Yangwei granules had noticeable therapeutic effects for experimental gastric ulcer. It can be used to treat gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers.
2018, 36(5): 443-445,460.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.013
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Objective To establish a sensitive method for determination of concentration of lamotrigine (LTG) in rat plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics by LC-MS/MS. Methods 12 rats were divided evenly into model group and shame-operated group. LTG was given as single dose of 10 mg/kg via intragastrical administration. Blood samples were collected from orbital saphenous venous plexus at 5 min,0.25,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,12,24 and 36 h after dosing. The LTG concentrations in rat plasma were assayed by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software. Results In shame-operated group,cmax (1 382.87±61.17) μg/L,t1/2 (40.43±6.77) h; AUC0-∞(123.45±70.70) mg·h/L. In model group, cmax(1 713.50±65.11) μg/L, t1/2(73.72±17.46) h, AUC0-∞(188.15±76.37) mg·h/L. Conclusion The method is proved to be suitable for the determination of LTG in rat plasma. LTG concentration reached peak value at 2 h in both groups. However, model group had a longer t1/2 and higher concentration than that in shame-operated group, which is a valuable information for further pharmacodynamics study.
Objective To establish a sensitive method for determination of concentration of lamotrigine (LTG) in rat plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics by LC-MS/MS. Methods 12 rats were divided evenly into model group and shame-operated group. LTG was given as single dose of 10 mg/kg via intragastrical administration. Blood samples were collected from orbital saphenous venous plexus at 5 min,0.25,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,12,24 and 36 h after dosing. The LTG concentrations in rat plasma were assayed by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software. Results In shame-operated group,cmax (1 382.87±61.17) μg/L,t1/2 (40.43±6.77) h; AUC0-∞(123.45±70.70) mg·h/L. In model group, cmax(1 713.50±65.11) μg/L, t1/2(73.72±17.46) h, AUC0-∞(188.15±76.37) mg·h/L. Conclusion The method is proved to be suitable for the determination of LTG in rat plasma. LTG concentration reached peak value at 2 h in both groups. However, model group had a longer t1/2 and higher concentration than that in shame-operated group, which is a valuable information for further pharmacodynamics study.
2018, 36(5): 446-449.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.014
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Objective To establish a GC-MS method for residue detection of 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and Dicyclohexyl Carbodiimide (DCC) in docetaxel. Methods The separation was performed on an Agilent DB-5msUI capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) with programmed temperature. The carrier gas was high purity helium, the flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and the injection volume was 1 μl. Electron impact ion source (EI) and selection monitoring mode (SIM) were applied for quantitative analysis. The quantitative ion of DMAP, DCC and internal standard (IS) was 121, 163 and 95 respectively. Docetaxel was ultrasonically extracted with methanol. Results The calibration of DMAP and DCC showed good linear relationship (r>0.999 2), the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 50.90 ng/ml and 10.21 ng/ml separately. Intra-day and inter-day precision were all less than 5% and recoveries were more than 90%, which conformed with the requirement of methodology validation. No residues of DMAP and DCC were detected in three batches of samples. Conclusion The method was sensitive and selective which can be used for the detection of trace impurities in docetaxel.
Objective To establish a GC-MS method for residue detection of 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and Dicyclohexyl Carbodiimide (DCC) in docetaxel. Methods The separation was performed on an Agilent DB-5msUI capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) with programmed temperature. The carrier gas was high purity helium, the flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and the injection volume was 1 μl. Electron impact ion source (EI) and selection monitoring mode (SIM) were applied for quantitative analysis. The quantitative ion of DMAP, DCC and internal standard (IS) was 121, 163 and 95 respectively. Docetaxel was ultrasonically extracted with methanol. Results The calibration of DMAP and DCC showed good linear relationship (r>0.999 2), the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 50.90 ng/ml and 10.21 ng/ml separately. Intra-day and inter-day precision were all less than 5% and recoveries were more than 90%, which conformed with the requirement of methodology validation. No residues of DMAP and DCC were detected in three batches of samples. Conclusion The method was sensitive and selective which can be used for the detection of trace impurities in docetaxel.
2018, 36(5): 450-452.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.015
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Objective To investigate the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT) levels and bacteria in patients with bloodstream infection who were already administered antimicrobial therapy. Methods Retrospective collected the patients with monomicrobial bloodstream infection who were already administered antimicrobial therapy in First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from Sept. 2011 to Dec. 2016. Blood samples for PCT testing and culture were collected at the same time. Correlational analysis of PCT levels and bacteria was performed. Results 119 patients were in accordance with the inclusive criteria. 37 patients(31.1%)were infected with gram-positive(G+) bacteria and 82 patients(68.9%)were infected with gram-negative(G-) bacteria.The median (interquartile range, IQR) of PCT were 0.49 (0.16-1.59) ng/ml and 0.71 (0.27-2.74) ng/ml for G+ and G- infection, respectively (P=0.109). Enterococcus and enterobacter had the highest PCT levels among G+ and G- bacteria, the median (IQR) of PCT were 3.35(0.95-28.79) ng/ml and 5.25 (0.22-35.89) ng/ml, respectively. PCT levels in different cohorts existed significant differences (P=0.001). Conclusion For patients with bloodstream infection who were already administered antimicrobial therapy, PCT levels were unable to distinguish G- from G+ bacteria.
Objective To investigate the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT) levels and bacteria in patients with bloodstream infection who were already administered antimicrobial therapy. Methods Retrospective collected the patients with monomicrobial bloodstream infection who were already administered antimicrobial therapy in First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from Sept. 2011 to Dec. 2016. Blood samples for PCT testing and culture were collected at the same time. Correlational analysis of PCT levels and bacteria was performed. Results 119 patients were in accordance with the inclusive criteria. 37 patients(31.1%)were infected with gram-positive(G+) bacteria and 82 patients(68.9%)were infected with gram-negative(G-) bacteria.The median (interquartile range, IQR) of PCT were 0.49 (0.16-1.59) ng/ml and 0.71 (0.27-2.74) ng/ml for G+ and G- infection, respectively (P=0.109). Enterococcus and enterobacter had the highest PCT levels among G+ and G- bacteria, the median (IQR) of PCT were 3.35(0.95-28.79) ng/ml and 5.25 (0.22-35.89) ng/ml, respectively. PCT levels in different cohorts existed significant differences (P=0.001). Conclusion For patients with bloodstream infection who were already administered antimicrobial therapy, PCT levels were unable to distinguish G- from G+ bacteria.
2018, 36(5): 453-456.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.016
Abstract:
Objective To observe the influence of shikonin on pathological changes of liver tissue, expression of TGF-β1 in liver fibrosis in rats and to explore the possible mechanism of shikonin on rats' liver fibrosis. Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group,model group,positive controlled group and shikonin group. Except normal group, the liver fibrosis models were introduced by subcutaneously injecting CCl4. Meanwhile, The normal group and the model group were intragastrically given the distilled water. The positive controlled group was intragastrically given Compound Biejiaruangan Troche solution. The treatments lasted for ten weeks. After treatments, pathological changes were observed. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)of serum were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum contents of laminin, procollagen type Ⅲ were assayed by ELISA. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) index level was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the normal group, liver fibrosis was detected in the model group. The serum levels of ALT,AST and the serum contents of laminin and procollagen type Ⅲ in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the degree of liver fibrosis was less severe in shikonin group. The serum levels of ALT, AST, laminin, procollagen type Ⅲ and the expression of TGF-β1 in liver tissue were all decreased(P<0.05)in shikonin group. Compared with the positive controlled group, the expression of TGF-β1 in liver tissue was reduced in the shikonin group(P<0.05). Conclusion In SD rats, shikonin could inhibit the rats liver fibrosis induced with CCl4 by accommodating TGF-β1 expression in liver tissue.
Objective To observe the influence of shikonin on pathological changes of liver tissue, expression of TGF-β1 in liver fibrosis in rats and to explore the possible mechanism of shikonin on rats' liver fibrosis. Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group,model group,positive controlled group and shikonin group. Except normal group, the liver fibrosis models were introduced by subcutaneously injecting CCl4. Meanwhile, The normal group and the model group were intragastrically given the distilled water. The positive controlled group was intragastrically given Compound Biejiaruangan Troche solution. The treatments lasted for ten weeks. After treatments, pathological changes were observed. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)of serum were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum contents of laminin, procollagen type Ⅲ were assayed by ELISA. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) index level was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the normal group, liver fibrosis was detected in the model group. The serum levels of ALT,AST and the serum contents of laminin and procollagen type Ⅲ in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the degree of liver fibrosis was less severe in shikonin group. The serum levels of ALT, AST, laminin, procollagen type Ⅲ and the expression of TGF-β1 in liver tissue were all decreased(P<0.05)in shikonin group. Compared with the positive controlled group, the expression of TGF-β1 in liver tissue was reduced in the shikonin group(P<0.05). Conclusion In SD rats, shikonin could inhibit the rats liver fibrosis induced with CCl4 by accommodating TGF-β1 expression in liver tissue.
2018, 36(5): 457-460.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.017
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of memantine hydrochloride on improving neurocognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with hemorrhagic stroke who were treated in the officer consultation department of General Hospital of PLA from June to December 2016 were retrospectively studied. According to whether or not they were taking memantine, the patients were divided into the memantine group and the control group. The data including age, sex, BMI, follow-up time, the neurocognitive function score were collected. The neurocognitive function score was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Results There was no significant difference in age, BMI, and follow-up time between the two groups. The MoCA score was(19.19±3.23) in memantine group, (18.47±3.03) in control group, P=0.651;(21.06±2.62)in memantine group,(19.19±2.87) in control group,P=0.038 at 2 weeks;(23.50±2.00) in memantine group,(21.30±2.16) in control group,P=0.002 at 4 weeks;At the last follow-up, memantine group was(24.69±2.09), control group was (23.22±2.08), P=0.031. Conclusion Memantine could effectively improve neurocognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke.
Objective To investigate the effect of memantine hydrochloride on improving neurocognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with hemorrhagic stroke who were treated in the officer consultation department of General Hospital of PLA from June to December 2016 were retrospectively studied. According to whether or not they were taking memantine, the patients were divided into the memantine group and the control group. The data including age, sex, BMI, follow-up time, the neurocognitive function score were collected. The neurocognitive function score was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Results There was no significant difference in age, BMI, and follow-up time between the two groups. The MoCA score was(19.19±3.23) in memantine group, (18.47±3.03) in control group, P=0.651;(21.06±2.62)in memantine group,(19.19±2.87) in control group,P=0.038 at 2 weeks;(23.50±2.00) in memantine group,(21.30±2.16) in control group,P=0.002 at 4 weeks;At the last follow-up, memantine group was(24.69±2.09), control group was (23.22±2.08), P=0.031. Conclusion Memantine could effectively improve neurocognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke.
2018, 36(5): 461-463.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.018
Abstract:
Objective To explore the way for clinical pharmacists to involve in anti-inflammatory treatment of pancreatitis. Methods Pharmaceutical recommendations were put forward through the literature and related guideline review and pharmaceutical care was conducted by clinical pharmacists in this case of anti-infective treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. Results The suggestions provided by pharmacists were adopted, the patient got better and discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could assist doctors to make drug treatment safer and more effective for patients.
Objective To explore the way for clinical pharmacists to involve in anti-inflammatory treatment of pancreatitis. Methods Pharmaceutical recommendations were put forward through the literature and related guideline review and pharmaceutical care was conducted by clinical pharmacists in this case of anti-infective treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. Results The suggestions provided by pharmacists were adopted, the patient got better and discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could assist doctors to make drug treatment safer and more effective for patients.
2018, 36(5): 464-467.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.019
Abstract:
Objective To explore how clinical pharmacists participating in medication regimen design and carrying out pharmaceutical care. Methods The clinical pharmacist participated in the therapy for a patient with acute-to-chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B and adjusted the glucocorticoid administration time and dosage based on the mechanism of glucocorticoid action. Results Physicians accepted clinical pharmacist's suggestion and the patient recovered well after the treatment. Conclusion The clinical pharmacist's participation in the treatment and the optimization of medication regimen improved the safety and efficacy of drug treatment.
Objective To explore how clinical pharmacists participating in medication regimen design and carrying out pharmaceutical care. Methods The clinical pharmacist participated in the therapy for a patient with acute-to-chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B and adjusted the glucocorticoid administration time and dosage based on the mechanism of glucocorticoid action. Results Physicians accepted clinical pharmacist's suggestion and the patient recovered well after the treatment. Conclusion The clinical pharmacist's participation in the treatment and the optimization of medication regimen improved the safety and efficacy of drug treatment.
2018, 36(5): 468-470.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.020
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sitagliptin and premixed insulin in the treatment of brittle diabetes with hyperlipidemia. Methods 158 patients treated at endocrinology clinic in our hospital for brittle diabetes with hyperlipidemia were selected for the retrospective analysis. 78 patients received insulin alone were severed as the control group while 80 patients treated with sitagliptin and premixed insulin as the treatment group. The follow-up time was 36 weeks. The levels of HbAlc, FPG, PPG, fasting C peptide, postprandial 2 h C peptide, average difference of daily trough and peak blood glucose level (△TP), blood lipid level and hypoglycemia incidences were compared before and after treatment between two groups. Results After treatment,the levels of FPG, PPG, △TP, TC, TG and LDL-C in the combination therapy group were significantly lower than the level before treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). Those values in the treated group were also lower than the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The fasting C peptide and postprandial 2 h C peptide in the combination therapy group were significantly higher than level before treatment (P<0.01).Those values were higher in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Combination therapy of sitagliptin and premixed insulin for the treatment of brittle diabetes with hyperlipidemia can significantly improve patients' blood glucose and lipid levels with less adverse reactions.
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sitagliptin and premixed insulin in the treatment of brittle diabetes with hyperlipidemia. Methods 158 patients treated at endocrinology clinic in our hospital for brittle diabetes with hyperlipidemia were selected for the retrospective analysis. 78 patients received insulin alone were severed as the control group while 80 patients treated with sitagliptin and premixed insulin as the treatment group. The follow-up time was 36 weeks. The levels of HbAlc, FPG, PPG, fasting C peptide, postprandial 2 h C peptide, average difference of daily trough and peak blood glucose level (△TP), blood lipid level and hypoglycemia incidences were compared before and after treatment between two groups. Results After treatment,the levels of FPG, PPG, △TP, TC, TG and LDL-C in the combination therapy group were significantly lower than the level before treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). Those values in the treated group were also lower than the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). The fasting C peptide and postprandial 2 h C peptide in the combination therapy group were significantly higher than level before treatment (P<0.01).Those values were higher in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Combination therapy of sitagliptin and premixed insulin for the treatment of brittle diabetes with hyperlipidemia can significantly improve patients' blood glucose and lipid levels with less adverse reactions.
2018, 36(5): 471-474.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.021
Abstract:
Objective To provide the basic foundation of pharmaceutical care(PC) for the disabled by community pharmacist (CP) and to ensure the safety of drug use for the disabled by investigating and analyzing the patient's needs for community pharmaceutical care(CPC). Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate and analyze the disabled patients in 6 resident area at Ouyang street in Hongkou District. Results Most disabled people in this survey were on hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetic medications. 67.3% of the responders was poor in drug compliance. 71.7% of the responders never participated in medication education from hospitals, drugstores or other sponsors. 43.4% of the responders needed regular training and guidance from CPC. Four groups of disabled (visual, hearing, speech and limb or multiple disabilities) exhibited a statistical significance in the correctly understanding adverse drug reactions (ADR), deciding medication stop date, using expired drugs, CPC regular training and guidance (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many problems in the medications for the disabled, such as lack of compliance, medication safety issues and so on. A higher standard of CPC for this specific group is needed. The CPC for the disabled is still in the exploration stage and CP should continue to innovate and explore CPC for the disabled.
Objective To provide the basic foundation of pharmaceutical care(PC) for the disabled by community pharmacist (CP) and to ensure the safety of drug use for the disabled by investigating and analyzing the patient's needs for community pharmaceutical care(CPC). Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate and analyze the disabled patients in 6 resident area at Ouyang street in Hongkou District. Results Most disabled people in this survey were on hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetic medications. 67.3% of the responders was poor in drug compliance. 71.7% of the responders never participated in medication education from hospitals, drugstores or other sponsors. 43.4% of the responders needed regular training and guidance from CPC. Four groups of disabled (visual, hearing, speech and limb or multiple disabilities) exhibited a statistical significance in the correctly understanding adverse drug reactions (ADR), deciding medication stop date, using expired drugs, CPC regular training and guidance (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many problems in the medications for the disabled, such as lack of compliance, medication safety issues and so on. A higher standard of CPC for this specific group is needed. The CPC for the disabled is still in the exploration stage and CP should continue to innovate and explore CPC for the disabled.
2018, 36(5): 475-478.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.05.022
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the application of Lipo-PEG1 injection in our hospital, analyze the rationality of its clinical application and evaluate the role of the administrative intervention in promoting the rational drug use in the hospital. Methods Based on the administrative guidelines announced on July 28, 2016, the data from 1 351 patients who received Lipo-PEG1 injection during July and August were collected and analyzed. Results Lipo-PEG1 injection is widely used in different departments at the hospital. 65.41% cases received this medication as off-label indications. 99.85% cases used this drug with impropriate dosage and indications. 0.39% cases had contraindications. There was no difference before and after the administrative intervention. Conclusion The off-label use of Lipo-PEG1 injection is very common in clinical practice. More clinical attention should be paid to this problem. The results from simple administrative intervention is unsatisfied.
Objective To investigate the application of Lipo-PEG1 injection in our hospital, analyze the rationality of its clinical application and evaluate the role of the administrative intervention in promoting the rational drug use in the hospital. Methods Based on the administrative guidelines announced on July 28, 2016, the data from 1 351 patients who received Lipo-PEG1 injection during July and August were collected and analyzed. Results Lipo-PEG1 injection is widely used in different departments at the hospital. 65.41% cases received this medication as off-label indications. 99.85% cases used this drug with impropriate dosage and indications. 0.39% cases had contraindications. There was no difference before and after the administrative intervention. Conclusion The off-label use of Lipo-PEG1 injection is very common in clinical practice. More clinical attention should be paid to this problem. The results from simple administrative intervention is unsatisfied.
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