2018 Vol. 36, No. 6
Display Method:
2018, 36(6): 481-483,492.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.001
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Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) models were mainly divided into spontaneous and induced models. Through the literature,spontaneous and induced SLE models and their main characteristics were reviewed, which provided references for the researchers to choose appropriate models for studying specific pathogenic mechanism and diagnostic criteria, searching for targeted treatment interventions and developing potential therapeutic drugs.
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) models were mainly divided into spontaneous and induced models. Through the literature,spontaneous and induced SLE models and their main characteristics were reviewed, which provided references for the researchers to choose appropriate models for studying specific pathogenic mechanism and diagnostic criteria, searching for targeted treatment interventions and developing potential therapeutic drugs.
2018, 36(6): 484-487,498.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.002
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Traditional Chinese Medicine cataplasm has remarkable clinical effects with the advantages of no liver first-pass and easy to apply. It is one of the most promising drug delivery systems following oral and injective administration. In this paper, the matrix components used in the cataplasm and their functions were reviewed. The matrix formulations include skeleton material, thickener, moisturizing agent, crosslinking agent, crosslinking regulator, filler, transdermal promoting agent and other additives. Their definition, functions, varieties, physical and chemical properties, research status and the methods of matrix design were summarized. The challenges and prospective developments in matrix formulations were also discussed.
Traditional Chinese Medicine cataplasm has remarkable clinical effects with the advantages of no liver first-pass and easy to apply. It is one of the most promising drug delivery systems following oral and injective administration. In this paper, the matrix components used in the cataplasm and their functions were reviewed. The matrix formulations include skeleton material, thickener, moisturizing agent, crosslinking agent, crosslinking regulator, filler, transdermal promoting agent and other additives. Their definition, functions, varieties, physical and chemical properties, research status and the methods of matrix design were summarized. The challenges and prospective developments in matrix formulations were also discussed.
2018, 36(6): 488-492.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.003
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UGT1A1 is an important gene in the process of drug metabolism. With the development of pharmacogenomics,which have been found that the UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms is relevant to the level of metabolism, affect the occurrence,development and treatment of disease. As the study progressed, the substrates of UGT1A1 have constantly been extended, including bilirubin, estrogen, irinotecan and some other drugs with a number of studies. Research on the relationship between UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and these substrates have showed that UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms play an important significance on the clinic diagnosis and treatment, prognostic judgments and drug side effects. The research progress of the role of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms to drug metabolism and clinical effects were reviewed in this paper.
UGT1A1 is an important gene in the process of drug metabolism. With the development of pharmacogenomics,which have been found that the UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms is relevant to the level of metabolism, affect the occurrence,development and treatment of disease. As the study progressed, the substrates of UGT1A1 have constantly been extended, including bilirubin, estrogen, irinotecan and some other drugs with a number of studies. Research on the relationship between UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms and these substrates have showed that UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms play an important significance on the clinic diagnosis and treatment, prognostic judgments and drug side effects. The research progress of the role of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms to drug metabolism and clinical effects were reviewed in this paper.
2018, 36(6): 493-498.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.004
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Objective To study the effect of total saponin (CES) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic animals. Methods Golden hamster and rabbit hyperlipidemia animal models were established for this study.Both hyperlipidemia models were achieved by feeding high fat diet. The blood, hepatic lipid parameters and lipid peroxidation index were detected.Liver pathological changes were recorded. Results CES were orally administered to golden hamster hyperlipidemia model for two weeks at doses of 10-90 mg/kg. TC, TG and LDL-c were significantly reduced both in the serum and liver.In rabbit hyperlipidemia model, CES was orally administered at 6.0-24.0 mg/kg. Serum TC and LDL-c were reduced at day 10.Significant reduction of serum TC, LDL-c levels (P<0.01) and TG content (P<0.05) were observed after 20 and 30 days.This lipid-lowing effect was long lasting and stable. At the meantime, CES can also decrease the liver tissue TC, TG content (P<0.05) and MDA, LPS content (P<0.05). Pathological section showed that fat was significantly accumulated in the liver cell cytoplasm in rabbit model group. The liver cells were damaged. Large area of spotty necrosis was observed. Fat accumulation in the cytoplasm was significantly decreased in CES groups with dose dependent manner. With increased CES dose, liver damage was ameliorated. Conclusion CES can effectively reduce lipids in different animal hyperlipidemia models. This effect may be related to the decrease of the content of MDA and LPS in liver.
Objective To study the effect of total saponin (CES) on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic animals. Methods Golden hamster and rabbit hyperlipidemia animal models were established for this study.Both hyperlipidemia models were achieved by feeding high fat diet. The blood, hepatic lipid parameters and lipid peroxidation index were detected.Liver pathological changes were recorded. Results CES were orally administered to golden hamster hyperlipidemia model for two weeks at doses of 10-90 mg/kg. TC, TG and LDL-c were significantly reduced both in the serum and liver.In rabbit hyperlipidemia model, CES was orally administered at 6.0-24.0 mg/kg. Serum TC and LDL-c were reduced at day 10.Significant reduction of serum TC, LDL-c levels (P<0.01) and TG content (P<0.05) were observed after 20 and 30 days.This lipid-lowing effect was long lasting and stable. At the meantime, CES can also decrease the liver tissue TC, TG content (P<0.05) and MDA, LPS content (P<0.05). Pathological section showed that fat was significantly accumulated in the liver cell cytoplasm in rabbit model group. The liver cells were damaged. Large area of spotty necrosis was observed. Fat accumulation in the cytoplasm was significantly decreased in CES groups with dose dependent manner. With increased CES dose, liver damage was ameliorated. Conclusion CES can effectively reduce lipids in different animal hyperlipidemia models. This effect may be related to the decrease of the content of MDA and LPS in liver.
2018, 36(6): 499-502,511.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.005
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Objective To investigate the influence and the underlying mechanisms of homocysteine on oxidative stress production in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Methods A10 cell line (a kind of VSMC) was cultured in vitro. Three different concentrations of homocysteine (5, 30 and 100 μmol/L) were added into the medium for 48 hours and then cells were lysed for determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, H2O2 level and total anti-oxidant capacity. Moreover, the effects of homocysteine on JNK signaling pathway were evaluated by immunoblotting. Results ROS production (P<0.05) in VSMC were induced by three different concentrations of homocysteine (5, 30 and 100 μmol/L). Two concentrations of homocysteine (30 and 100 μmol/L) increased H2O2 content and decreased T-AOC. Moreover, homocysteine induced phosphorylation of JNK in VSMC in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Oxidative stress induced by homocysteine via activating JNK signaling pathway in VSMC.
Objective To investigate the influence and the underlying mechanisms of homocysteine on oxidative stress production in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Methods A10 cell line (a kind of VSMC) was cultured in vitro. Three different concentrations of homocysteine (5, 30 and 100 μmol/L) were added into the medium for 48 hours and then cells were lysed for determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, H2O2 level and total anti-oxidant capacity. Moreover, the effects of homocysteine on JNK signaling pathway were evaluated by immunoblotting. Results ROS production (P<0.05) in VSMC were induced by three different concentrations of homocysteine (5, 30 and 100 μmol/L). Two concentrations of homocysteine (30 and 100 μmol/L) increased H2O2 content and decreased T-AOC. Moreover, homocysteine induced phosphorylation of JNK in VSMC in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Oxidative stress induced by homocysteine via activating JNK signaling pathway in VSMC.
2018, 36(6): 503-506.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.006
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Objective To establish chromatographic fingerprint for Wenjing Tang by HPLC-DAD. Methods The fingerprint was determined by Waters Xselect HSS T3 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm) with acetoniteile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The temperature of column was 25℃ at a flow rate of 0.8 ml·min-1. The detective wavelength was set at 254 nm and ammonium glycyrrhizinate was selected as the reference peak. The HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Wenjing Tang were analyzed and the similarity was evaluated with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results There were 39 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of Wenjing Tang and 6 common peaks were determined by the relative time of the standard substance. The similarities of 10 batches were all above 0.98 and the deviations among these batches are very small. Conclusion The HPLC-DAD fingerprint method for Wenjing Tang is accurate, stable and reliable. The fingerprint is the characteristic of the overall chemical components in Wenjing Tang. It can be used as an effective method for the quality control of Wenjing Tang.
Objective To establish chromatographic fingerprint for Wenjing Tang by HPLC-DAD. Methods The fingerprint was determined by Waters Xselect HSS T3 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm) with acetoniteile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The temperature of column was 25℃ at a flow rate of 0.8 ml·min-1. The detective wavelength was set at 254 nm and ammonium glycyrrhizinate was selected as the reference peak. The HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Wenjing Tang were analyzed and the similarity was evaluated with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results There were 39 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of Wenjing Tang and 6 common peaks were determined by the relative time of the standard substance. The similarities of 10 batches were all above 0.98 and the deviations among these batches are very small. Conclusion The HPLC-DAD fingerprint method for Wenjing Tang is accurate, stable and reliable. The fingerprint is the characteristic of the overall chemical components in Wenjing Tang. It can be used as an effective method for the quality control of Wenjing Tang.
2018, 36(6): 507-511.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.007
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Objective To study the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling and removing blood stasis effects of Wentong Gao prepared with the new process. Methods Acetic acid writhing test and formaldehyde induced mouse foot pain test were used to observe the analgesic effects of low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao prepared with the new process and with the original process. The xylene-induced mouse ear edema test and Carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling test were used to study the anti-inflammatory, swelling reducing effects of low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao with new process and with the original process. Ecchymosis of guinea pigs were used to observe the blood stasis removing effects of low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao prepared with new process and with the original process. Results Both the low and middle dose of Wentong Gao made with the new process and with the original process can significantly reduce the number of writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mouse. The low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao prepared with the new process can significantly reduce the swelling degree and swelling rate of xylene induced ear swelling in mouse. The low dose of Wentong Gao made with new process can significantly promote the ecchymosis area subsiding in guinea pigs. Conclusion Wentong Gao made with new process has good analgesic, anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling and removing blood stasis effects.
Objective To study the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling and removing blood stasis effects of Wentong Gao prepared with the new process. Methods Acetic acid writhing test and formaldehyde induced mouse foot pain test were used to observe the analgesic effects of low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao prepared with the new process and with the original process. The xylene-induced mouse ear edema test and Carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling test were used to study the anti-inflammatory, swelling reducing effects of low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao with new process and with the original process. Ecchymosis of guinea pigs were used to observe the blood stasis removing effects of low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao prepared with new process and with the original process. Results Both the low and middle dose of Wentong Gao made with the new process and with the original process can significantly reduce the number of writhing reaction induced by acetic acid in mouse. The low, middle and high dose of Wentong Gao prepared with the new process can significantly reduce the swelling degree and swelling rate of xylene induced ear swelling in mouse. The low dose of Wentong Gao made with new process can significantly promote the ecchymosis area subsiding in guinea pigs. Conclusion Wentong Gao made with new process has good analgesic, anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling and removing blood stasis effects.
2018, 36(6): 512-517,528.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.008
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Objective To establish a ultra hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHILIC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 5 B-vitamins including thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide and calcium pantothenate in Compound Trivitamin and Calcium Pantothenate Syrup. Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UHILIC BEH Amide (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate water and 90% acetonitrile both containing 0.5% formic acid water in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min. An electrospray positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) was used as a detector. Results Five B-vitamins in the sample achieved excellent linearity calibration curves over the concentration range tested (r>0.998 4) within 5 min. The overall average recovery rates were in the range of 93.27%-100.39% with RSD of 1.41%-4.96%. The contents of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide and calcium pantothenate in ten samples were 32.40-38.91, 7.002-8.462, 9.677-11.17, 33.64-39.58, 3.276-3.771 mg/250 g, respectively. Conclusion The UHILIC-MS/MS method established in this study could quickly achieve qualitative identification or quantitative detection of five B-vitamins components in Compound Trivitamin and Calcium Pantothenate Syrup, which provided a reliable technical detection method for the development, utilization and quality evaluation of Compound Trivitamin and Calcium Pantothenate Syrup.
Objective To establish a ultra hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHILIC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 5 B-vitamins including thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide and calcium pantothenate in Compound Trivitamin and Calcium Pantothenate Syrup. Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UHILIC BEH Amide (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) column with the mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate water and 90% acetonitrile both containing 0.5% formic acid water in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min. An electrospray positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) was used as a detector. Results Five B-vitamins in the sample achieved excellent linearity calibration curves over the concentration range tested (r>0.998 4) within 5 min. The overall average recovery rates were in the range of 93.27%-100.39% with RSD of 1.41%-4.96%. The contents of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinamide and calcium pantothenate in ten samples were 32.40-38.91, 7.002-8.462, 9.677-11.17, 33.64-39.58, 3.276-3.771 mg/250 g, respectively. Conclusion The UHILIC-MS/MS method established in this study could quickly achieve qualitative identification or quantitative detection of five B-vitamins components in Compound Trivitamin and Calcium Pantothenate Syrup, which provided a reliable technical detection method for the development, utilization and quality evaluation of Compound Trivitamin and Calcium Pantothenate Syrup.
2018, 36(6): 518-521.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.009
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Objective To explore the rational use of antiplatelet agents in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI guided by CYP2C19 genotyping. Methods Using the hospital management information system, 2 836 patients with coronary heart disease hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology from December 2015 to December 2016 were collected. Among them, 480 patients with CYP2C19 IM and PM genotypes met the criteria and were selected for the study. Patients were divided into conventional treatment group, double clopidogrel dose group and ticagrelor group based on the treatment plans according to genotype. The inhibition rate of platelet aggregation, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and incidence of bleeding within one year were observed in each group. Results In the finally selected 468 patients, the platelet aggregation inhibition rate in ticagrelor group and the double clopidogrel dose group was higher than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The inhibition rate was significantly higher in ticagrelor group than the double clopidogrel dose group (P<0.05). The incidence of recurrent angina was highest in each group as MACE and significantly lower in double clopidogrel dose group and ticagrelor group than that in conventional treatment group(P<0.017). There was no significant difference in each group in terms of other MACE and incidence of bleeding (P>0.017). Conclusion The patients with coronary heart disease exhibited better therapeutic results from antiplatelet treatments guided with CYP2C19 genotyping. Individualized medication regimen should be implemented clinically according to the patient's genetic characteristics.
Objective To explore the rational use of antiplatelet agents in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI guided by CYP2C19 genotyping. Methods Using the hospital management information system, 2 836 patients with coronary heart disease hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology from December 2015 to December 2016 were collected. Among them, 480 patients with CYP2C19 IM and PM genotypes met the criteria and were selected for the study. Patients were divided into conventional treatment group, double clopidogrel dose group and ticagrelor group based on the treatment plans according to genotype. The inhibition rate of platelet aggregation, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and incidence of bleeding within one year were observed in each group. Results In the finally selected 468 patients, the platelet aggregation inhibition rate in ticagrelor group and the double clopidogrel dose group was higher than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The inhibition rate was significantly higher in ticagrelor group than the double clopidogrel dose group (P<0.05). The incidence of recurrent angina was highest in each group as MACE and significantly lower in double clopidogrel dose group and ticagrelor group than that in conventional treatment group(P<0.017). There was no significant difference in each group in terms of other MACE and incidence of bleeding (P>0.017). Conclusion The patients with coronary heart disease exhibited better therapeutic results from antiplatelet treatments guided with CYP2C19 genotyping. Individualized medication regimen should be implemented clinically according to the patient's genetic characteristics.
2018, 36(6): 522-528.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.010
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Objective To establish a gas chromatography (GC) method to determine the contents of camphor and menthol in compound camphor liniment and to evaluate the uncertainty. Methods Thermo TG-WAXMS (30.0 m×0.25 mm, 0.5 μm) and FID were used with naphtalinas as internal standard. The uncertainty sources of measurement were analyzed and a mathematical model was established to calculate the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty. Results A good linear relationship was observed in the concentration range of 8.56-85.6μg/ml for camphor and 11.2-112.0 μg/ml for menthol, the average recoveries were 100.20% and 99.65% with RSD 0.892% and 1.369% (n=9). The expanded uncertainty U95 were 0.630 mg/ml (k=2), 0.656 mg/ml (k=2), The content of camphor was (20.74±0.602) mg/ml and menthol was (20.48±1.336) mg/ml. Conclusion The method is accurate, sensitive. It has good repeatability for controlling the quality of camphor and menthol in compound camphor liniment. The mathematic model of uncertainty can be used to improve the assay accuracy.
Objective To establish a gas chromatography (GC) method to determine the contents of camphor and menthol in compound camphor liniment and to evaluate the uncertainty. Methods Thermo TG-WAXMS (30.0 m×0.25 mm, 0.5 μm) and FID were used with naphtalinas as internal standard. The uncertainty sources of measurement were analyzed and a mathematical model was established to calculate the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty. Results A good linear relationship was observed in the concentration range of 8.56-85.6μg/ml for camphor and 11.2-112.0 μg/ml for menthol, the average recoveries were 100.20% and 99.65% with RSD 0.892% and 1.369% (n=9). The expanded uncertainty U95 were 0.630 mg/ml (k=2), 0.656 mg/ml (k=2), The content of camphor was (20.74±0.602) mg/ml and menthol was (20.48±1.336) mg/ml. Conclusion The method is accurate, sensitive. It has good repeatability for controlling the quality of camphor and menthol in compound camphor liniment. The mathematic model of uncertainty can be used to improve the assay accuracy.
2018, 36(6): 529-532.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.011
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Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of total sesquiterpene lactone from Achillea sibirca on rheumatoid arthritis rats. Methods An animal model of rheumatoid arthritis was established by the intradermal injection of 0.1 ml Freund's complete adjuvant into the rat right hind limb. Different doses of Achillea sibirca sesquiterpene lactone and tripterygium glycosides were administered for 21 days. The degree of toe swelling,arthritis index and the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in all groups were determined. Results Compared with model group,the toe swelling degree in middle and high dose Achillea sibirca sesquiterpene lactone group was significantly inhibited(P<0.05,P<0.01)at day 14, 21 and 28. The arthritis index in the same groups was decreased at day 14, 21 and 28 with statistically significant difference(P<0.05,P<0.01). The total Achillea sibirca sesquiterpene lactone also reduced the serum levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05,P<0.01). The low, middle and high dose group effectively reduced joint inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Total sesquiterpene lactone from Achillea sibirca exhibited good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis rats and its mechanism may relate to the down-regulation of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α.
Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of total sesquiterpene lactone from Achillea sibirca on rheumatoid arthritis rats. Methods An animal model of rheumatoid arthritis was established by the intradermal injection of 0.1 ml Freund's complete adjuvant into the rat right hind limb. Different doses of Achillea sibirca sesquiterpene lactone and tripterygium glycosides were administered for 21 days. The degree of toe swelling,arthritis index and the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in all groups were determined. Results Compared with model group,the toe swelling degree in middle and high dose Achillea sibirca sesquiterpene lactone group was significantly inhibited(P<0.05,P<0.01)at day 14, 21 and 28. The arthritis index in the same groups was decreased at day 14, 21 and 28 with statistically significant difference(P<0.05,P<0.01). The total Achillea sibirca sesquiterpene lactone also reduced the serum levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05,P<0.01). The low, middle and high dose group effectively reduced joint inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Total sesquiterpene lactone from Achillea sibirca exhibited good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis rats and its mechanism may relate to the down-regulation of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α.
2018, 36(6): 533-535,546.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.012
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Objective To observe and evaluate the regulating effect of Xuefuzhuyu capsule combined with clopidogrel on clopidogrel resistance. Methods After PCI operation, 80 patients with clopidogrel resistance were randomly divided into three different treatments,A:clopidogrel (Tai Jia) combined with Xuefuzhuyu capsule; B:clopidogrel (Plavix); C:clopidogrel (Tai Jia) combined with cilostazol.)After three months of continuous medication, and the inhibition rate of platelet aggregation was detected by thromboela-stogram(TEG).The patients were followed up for half a year to observe the incidence of adverse events. Results After three months of treatment, the inhibition rates of the three groups were improved(P<0.05).The effective rate of platelet inhibition in group A was 40% (10/25), which was higher to group C (33.33%), and which was equivalent to group B (40.74%). The effect of platelet aggregation inhibition was better in patients who were not sensitive to aspirin and clopidogrel and then with imported Plavix. And the treatment group of clopidogrel combined with Xuefuzhuyu capsule had a synergistic effect on platelet aggregation inhibition for clopidogrel insensitive patients. After six months' follow-up, it was found that the platelet inhibition was enhanced but the bleeding risk and abnormal coagulation function was not increased after prolonged using of Xuefuzhuyu capsule. Conclusion Xuefuzhuyu capsule had a certain effect on improving the inhibition rate of platelet aggregation, which had little effect on the risk of bleeding.
Objective To observe and evaluate the regulating effect of Xuefuzhuyu capsule combined with clopidogrel on clopidogrel resistance. Methods After PCI operation, 80 patients with clopidogrel resistance were randomly divided into three different treatments,A:clopidogrel (Tai Jia) combined with Xuefuzhuyu capsule; B:clopidogrel (Plavix); C:clopidogrel (Tai Jia) combined with cilostazol.)After three months of continuous medication, and the inhibition rate of platelet aggregation was detected by thromboela-stogram(TEG).The patients were followed up for half a year to observe the incidence of adverse events. Results After three months of treatment, the inhibition rates of the three groups were improved(P<0.05).The effective rate of platelet inhibition in group A was 40% (10/25), which was higher to group C (33.33%), and which was equivalent to group B (40.74%). The effect of platelet aggregation inhibition was better in patients who were not sensitive to aspirin and clopidogrel and then with imported Plavix. And the treatment group of clopidogrel combined with Xuefuzhuyu capsule had a synergistic effect on platelet aggregation inhibition for clopidogrel insensitive patients. After six months' follow-up, it was found that the platelet inhibition was enhanced but the bleeding risk and abnormal coagulation function was not increased after prolonged using of Xuefuzhuyu capsule. Conclusion Xuefuzhuyu capsule had a certain effect on improving the inhibition rate of platelet aggregation, which had little effect on the risk of bleeding.
2018, 36(6): 536-540.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.013
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the affordability of oral antihypertensive drugs in Qingpu District within the basic medication system and provide a substantial evidence for rationalizing the price of essential drugs to treat chronic diseases in communities. Methods WHO/HAI standardized method and dilution method were used to evaluate the affordability of the oral antihypertensive drugs in that area. Results The results of WHO/HAI standardized method showed that patients with health insurance had better affordability for brand name and generic medications. The uninsured patients had lower affordability for brand name medications. The results of dilution method showed that 5 medications available both in brand and generic forms had a smaller gap in the poverty population. The affordability of the brand name drug, Irbesartan, is higher than its generics. Conclusion Health insurance plays an important role in improving the affordability for essential drugs. Reasonable pricing should be given to the commonly used medications with clear evidence based data to improve the affordability of antihypertensive drugs.
Objective To evaluate the affordability of oral antihypertensive drugs in Qingpu District within the basic medication system and provide a substantial evidence for rationalizing the price of essential drugs to treat chronic diseases in communities. Methods WHO/HAI standardized method and dilution method were used to evaluate the affordability of the oral antihypertensive drugs in that area. Results The results of WHO/HAI standardized method showed that patients with health insurance had better affordability for brand name and generic medications. The uninsured patients had lower affordability for brand name medications. The results of dilution method showed that 5 medications available both in brand and generic forms had a smaller gap in the poverty population. The affordability of the brand name drug, Irbesartan, is higher than its generics. Conclusion Health insurance plays an important role in improving the affordability for essential drugs. Reasonable pricing should be given to the commonly used medications with clear evidence based data to improve the affordability of antihypertensive drugs.
2018, 36(6): 541-546.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.014
Abstract:
Objective To assess the efficacy of seven kinds of new oral anticoagulants in prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients after total hip or knee replacement by a network Meta-analysis. Methods Randomized clinical trials in databases of CBM,Cochrane Library,Pubmed were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed. Data were analyzed by Stata12.0 software,and mvmeta program package. Results 24 RCTs (in all 1 091 articles,40 001 patients) met the criteria. Prevention for VTE with prescribed dosage was evaluated. Following findings,directly,Rivaroxaban and Apixaban were more effective than low molecular weight heparin,results as (RR=0.56,95%CI:0.40-0.78),P<0.05;(RR=0.39,95%CI:0.24-0.63),P<0.05. The others compared with LMWH,P>0.05,had no statistical significance. Indirectly,these were all superior efficacy to placebo. Conclusion Grade rankings of efficacy for seven kinds of NOACs prevented VTE in patients after THR or TKR,Apixaban was best,followed by Rivaroxaban,Edoxaban,Ym150,TAK-442,dabigatran etexilate,Betrixaban.
Objective To assess the efficacy of seven kinds of new oral anticoagulants in prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients after total hip or knee replacement by a network Meta-analysis. Methods Randomized clinical trials in databases of CBM,Cochrane Library,Pubmed were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed. Data were analyzed by Stata12.0 software,and mvmeta program package. Results 24 RCTs (in all 1 091 articles,40 001 patients) met the criteria. Prevention for VTE with prescribed dosage was evaluated. Following findings,directly,Rivaroxaban and Apixaban were more effective than low molecular weight heparin,results as (RR=0.56,95%CI:0.40-0.78),P<0.05;(RR=0.39,95%CI:0.24-0.63),P<0.05. The others compared with LMWH,P>0.05,had no statistical significance. Indirectly,these were all superior efficacy to placebo. Conclusion Grade rankings of efficacy for seven kinds of NOACs prevented VTE in patients after THR or TKR,Apixaban was best,followed by Rivaroxaban,Edoxaban,Ym150,TAK-442,dabigatran etexilate,Betrixaban.
2018, 36(6): 547-550.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.015
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of early intestinal flora intervention on the symptoms and the efficacy of Levodopa and Benserazide in Parkinson's disease (PD), provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods 114 patients diagnosed as PD for the first time in our department of neurology from January 2015 to October 2017 were randomly divided into intervention group (n=57) and control group (n=57). Both groups received Levodopa and Benserazide, A triple live bacterial preparation was given to the intervention group only to regulate the intestinal flora. Patient-Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) was used to assess the constipation symptoms and patient's satisfaction. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS Ⅲ) was used to evaluate the motor symptoms and psychological status for the patients in both groups before and after treatments. Results 1 The PAC-QOL and BSFS scores in intervention group were improved significantly compared to those before treatment (P<0.05); 2 After the treatments, the UPDRS Ⅲ scores in both groups were improved significantly (P<0.05). The UPDRS Ⅲ score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 4 weeks (P<0.05). 3 Compared with the control group, the HAD-A, HAD-D and PSQI Score were decreased in the intervention group. (P<0.05). Conclusion Early intestinal flora intervention effectively alleviated constipation symptom and improved therapeutic effects of Levodopa and Benserazide preparation. However, the long-term effect remains to be studied.
Objective To investigate the effect of early intestinal flora intervention on the symptoms and the efficacy of Levodopa and Benserazide in Parkinson's disease (PD), provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods 114 patients diagnosed as PD for the first time in our department of neurology from January 2015 to October 2017 were randomly divided into intervention group (n=57) and control group (n=57). Both groups received Levodopa and Benserazide, A triple live bacterial preparation was given to the intervention group only to regulate the intestinal flora. Patient-Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) was used to assess the constipation symptoms and patient's satisfaction. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS Ⅲ) was used to evaluate the motor symptoms and psychological status for the patients in both groups before and after treatments. Results 1 The PAC-QOL and BSFS scores in intervention group were improved significantly compared to those before treatment (P<0.05); 2 After the treatments, the UPDRS Ⅲ scores in both groups were improved significantly (P<0.05). The UPDRS Ⅲ score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 4 weeks (P<0.05). 3 Compared with the control group, the HAD-A, HAD-D and PSQI Score were decreased in the intervention group. (P<0.05). Conclusion Early intestinal flora intervention effectively alleviated constipation symptom and improved therapeutic effects of Levodopa and Benserazide preparation. However, the long-term effect remains to be studied.
2018, 36(6): 551-553.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.016
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the assay of loganin in Gandi capsules. Methods The Waters Symmtry column C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-water (13:87) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength at 240 nm. Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.030 1-3.01 μg (r=0.999 9) for loganin. The average recovery and relative standard deviation of loganin were 99.62% and 0.86%. Conclusion This method is simple, practicable, accurate and fast. It can be used to assay loganin in Gandi capsules.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the assay of loganin in Gandi capsules. Methods The Waters Symmtry column C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was used with acetonitrile-water (13:87) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength at 240 nm. Results The calibration curves were linear within the range of 0.030 1-3.01 μg (r=0.999 9) for loganin. The average recovery and relative standard deviation of loganin were 99.62% and 0.86%. Conclusion This method is simple, practicable, accurate and fast. It can be used to assay loganin in Gandi capsules.
2018, 36(6): 554-556,560.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.017
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacist's involvement in medication education and patients' compliance in the elderly patients with chronic diseases before and after the bedside education by clinical pharmacists. Methods The educational templates for elderly patients with chronic diseases were used for the patients hospitalized in the emergency area in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from June to December 2017. Results 71 patients were discharged from the hospital during June to December in 2017. 62 patients were assessed by the Compliance Scale (Morisky) one month after discharge. Conclusion The safety and effectiveness of medication treatment was improved by pharmacists' bed side medication education. The patient's medication compliance was enhanced. The patient's satisfaction to the pharmacy service was also improved. This can serve as a reference for establishing standardized discharge process.
Objective To evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacist's involvement in medication education and patients' compliance in the elderly patients with chronic diseases before and after the bedside education by clinical pharmacists. Methods The educational templates for elderly patients with chronic diseases were used for the patients hospitalized in the emergency area in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from June to December 2017. Results 71 patients were discharged from the hospital during June to December in 2017. 62 patients were assessed by the Compliance Scale (Morisky) one month after discharge. Conclusion The safety and effectiveness of medication treatment was improved by pharmacists' bed side medication education. The patient's medication compliance was enhanced. The patient's satisfaction to the pharmacy service was also improved. This can serve as a reference for establishing standardized discharge process.
Analysis on rational application of esomeprazole for injection in hepatobiliary perioperative period
2018, 36(6): 557-560.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.018
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the rationality of esomeprazole for injection in hepatobiliary perioperative period of Eastern Hepatobiliary hospital (hereinafter referred to as our hospital), and to provide reference for the rational drug use in hepatobiliary perioperative. Methods By retrospective investigation, information of 300 randomly patients was collected from Jan to Sep in 2017 with esomeprezole for injection through consulting the electronic medical records, doctor's advice, inspection, etc. Of the 300 cases of medical records with esomeprazole for injection, the use frequency of esomeprazole were 416, statistical analysis was conducted in terms of the administration time, treatment course, usage and dosage, solvent, and the risk of stress ulcer. Results The rational rate of the administration time was 15.67%(47/300), the treatment course was 10.67%(32/300),the usage was 75%(312/416),dosage and solvent were 100%(416/416),and the ratio of patients with SU risk factors was 3.33%(10/300). Conclusion The rational application of esomeprezole in our hospital still need to be improved. The clinical pharmacists should strengthen clinical medicine education to improve rational drug use in our hospital.
Objective To investigate the rationality of esomeprazole for injection in hepatobiliary perioperative period of Eastern Hepatobiliary hospital (hereinafter referred to as our hospital), and to provide reference for the rational drug use in hepatobiliary perioperative. Methods By retrospective investigation, information of 300 randomly patients was collected from Jan to Sep in 2017 with esomeprezole for injection through consulting the electronic medical records, doctor's advice, inspection, etc. Of the 300 cases of medical records with esomeprazole for injection, the use frequency of esomeprazole were 416, statistical analysis was conducted in terms of the administration time, treatment course, usage and dosage, solvent, and the risk of stress ulcer. Results The rational rate of the administration time was 15.67%(47/300), the treatment course was 10.67%(32/300),the usage was 75%(312/416),dosage and solvent were 100%(416/416),and the ratio of patients with SU risk factors was 3.33%(10/300). Conclusion The rational application of esomeprezole in our hospital still need to be improved. The clinical pharmacists should strengthen clinical medicine education to improve rational drug use in our hospital.
2018, 36(6): 561-563.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.019
Abstract:
In order to promote the knowledge of proper medication use and enhance the core competence of medication safety, the pharmacists from one medical center in Taiwan established "the proper medication use education and resource center" to ensure the therapeutic effects of medications and avoid adverse reactions of improper medication use. By combining the resources from pharmaceutical societies, schools, communities and other public platforms, the pharmacists went to the school campuses, communities and other public places to conduct medication awareness educations through different activities and popular science fairs. The total number of 14,140 peoples participated 114 such gatherings during 2014-2015. The satisfaction rate for those activities reached 98.5%. This model enhanced the public awareness of proper medication use, constructed medication safety net, and increased professional value for hospital pharmacists.
In order to promote the knowledge of proper medication use and enhance the core competence of medication safety, the pharmacists from one medical center in Taiwan established "the proper medication use education and resource center" to ensure the therapeutic effects of medications and avoid adverse reactions of improper medication use. By combining the resources from pharmaceutical societies, schools, communities and other public platforms, the pharmacists went to the school campuses, communities and other public places to conduct medication awareness educations through different activities and popular science fairs. The total number of 14,140 peoples participated 114 such gatherings during 2014-2015. The satisfaction rate for those activities reached 98.5%. This model enhanced the public awareness of proper medication use, constructed medication safety net, and increased professional value for hospital pharmacists.
2018, 36(6): 564-568.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.020
Abstract:
Objective To establish the drug price index based on Hedonic model and conduct empirical analysis. Methods From the monitoring data management center for clinical application of antimicrobial agents of CPLA, the official website of the former China drug administration (CFDA) and the website of pharmaceutical intelligence, data related to antimicrobial drug consumption from October 2014 to June 2017 were collected and the empirical analysis was conducted by the Hedonic price index. Results The price index based on Hedonic model showed a downward trend. The effective component content, daily dose number (DDDs), average daily cost of drugs (DDDc), maximum price of drugs and minimum price of drugs were positively correlated with the price index, while the price index was negatively correlated with oral drugs, number of manufacturers of the same variety, medical insurance drugs, number of domestic drugs and number of drug users. Conclusion The drug price index established based on Hedonic model covers 10 characteristic attributes, which could effectively reflect the impact of supply and demand changes on drug prices.
Objective To establish the drug price index based on Hedonic model and conduct empirical analysis. Methods From the monitoring data management center for clinical application of antimicrobial agents of CPLA, the official website of the former China drug administration (CFDA) and the website of pharmaceutical intelligence, data related to antimicrobial drug consumption from October 2014 to June 2017 were collected and the empirical analysis was conducted by the Hedonic price index. Results The price index based on Hedonic model showed a downward trend. The effective component content, daily dose number (DDDs), average daily cost of drugs (DDDc), maximum price of drugs and minimum price of drugs were positively correlated with the price index, while the price index was negatively correlated with oral drugs, number of manufacturers of the same variety, medical insurance drugs, number of domestic drugs and number of drug users. Conclusion The drug price index established based on Hedonic model covers 10 characteristic attributes, which could effectively reflect the impact of supply and demand changes on drug prices.
2018, 36(6): 569-572,576.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.021
Abstract:
Objective The research group tried to set up the rational drug use inpatients index system to compare the differences between different crowds so as to evaluate the influence for Medical intervention policy to the level of the rational drug use. Methods This study founds a rational drug use of single-disease index system by delphi method. Select drug treatment data which from Coronary heart disease in 16 hospitals. Divide the above data into 4 groups according to certain rules providing a comparative study of the level of the drug with this index system. Results There are three first-class indicators (rationality, fairness, efficacy) and eight second-class indicators (total drug cost, main treatment cost ratio,and so on) in the evaluation index system. Data from 5 755 patients showed that there are significant differences in total drug cost and hospital day after revision of Drug Catalogue for Reasonable Military Medical Treatment. The difference in hospital days and main treatment cost is also decreased between its applicable and non-applicable people. Conclusion The index system can evaluate the influence for medical intervention policy to the level of the rational drug use of single disease.
Objective The research group tried to set up the rational drug use inpatients index system to compare the differences between different crowds so as to evaluate the influence for Medical intervention policy to the level of the rational drug use. Methods This study founds a rational drug use of single-disease index system by delphi method. Select drug treatment data which from Coronary heart disease in 16 hospitals. Divide the above data into 4 groups according to certain rules providing a comparative study of the level of the drug with this index system. Results There are three first-class indicators (rationality, fairness, efficacy) and eight second-class indicators (total drug cost, main treatment cost ratio,and so on) in the evaluation index system. Data from 5 755 patients showed that there are significant differences in total drug cost and hospital day after revision of Drug Catalogue for Reasonable Military Medical Treatment. The difference in hospital days and main treatment cost is also decreased between its applicable and non-applicable people. Conclusion The index system can evaluate the influence for medical intervention policy to the level of the rational drug use of single disease.
2018, 36(6): 573-576.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2018.06.022
Abstract:
To explore the impact of community pharmacy intervention on drug compliance for hypertension patients, provide safe and effective drug use guidance for patients and give suggestions for clinical pharmacists in second-grade hospitals how to improve pharmaceutical services during the transition period. Methods A controlled pharmacist intervention trial was conducted to compare the difference between intervention group and control group, such as compliance of clinic treatment, compliance of health life style and blood pressure. Results At the end of 12 month, the compliance of clinical treatment and healthy life style in the intervention group was improved obviously (P<0.05). The patient's systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the intervention group were reduced significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The community pharmacy intervention has a positive effect on drug compliance for hypertension patients.
To explore the impact of community pharmacy intervention on drug compliance for hypertension patients, provide safe and effective drug use guidance for patients and give suggestions for clinical pharmacists in second-grade hospitals how to improve pharmaceutical services during the transition period. Methods A controlled pharmacist intervention trial was conducted to compare the difference between intervention group and control group, such as compliance of clinic treatment, compliance of health life style and blood pressure. Results At the end of 12 month, the compliance of clinical treatment and healthy life style in the intervention group was improved obviously (P<0.05). The patient's systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the intervention group were reduced significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The community pharmacy intervention has a positive effect on drug compliance for hypertension patients.
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