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膝骨关节炎多发于老年患者,目前认为其发病机制在于患者膝关节软骨过度磨损、膝关节间隙骨质增生及膝关节间隙变窄等,可引起患者严重的关节功能障碍,随着我国逐渐进入老龄化社会,膝骨关节炎的临床发病率逐年增加[1-2]。全膝关节置换术被誉为21世纪医学领域三大贡献之一,是老年膝骨关节炎的最佳治疗手段,但术中患者失血量较多,术后隐性失血量较大,容易对患者术后恢复造成严重影响,尤其是对于机体功能恢复较差的老年患者,可引起患者深静脉血栓、肺栓塞等较为严重的术后并发症[3]。氨甲环酸是赖氨酸的衍生物,具有良好的抗纤溶效果,近年研究报道[4]显示,其具有较好的止血效果,但目前其应用于老年全膝关节置换术的止血机制尚未完全明确。基于此,本研究在全膝关节置换围手术期使用氨甲环酸,效果显著,现报道如下。
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观察组患者术中失血量、隐性失血量、术后引流量均低于对照组(P<0.05),且术后引流时间、创面干燥时间、创面愈合时间均短于对照组(P<0.05),见表1。
表 1 两组手术相关指标比较(
$\;\bar x \pm s$ )组别 n 术中失血量(V/ml) 隐性失血量(V/ml) 术后引流量(V/ml) 术后引流时间(t/d) 创面干燥时间(t/d) 创面愈合时间(t/d) 对照组 60 188.38±21.75 600.36±60.37 310.43±47.38 5.62±1.03 2.86±0.55 16.35±2.35 观察组 60 173.27±19.05 417.43±53.28 250.36±39.28 3.26±0.26 2.01±0.41 14.26±2.71 t值 − 4.048 17.598 7.560 17.208 9.598 4.513 P − <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 -
与术前比较,术后48 h两组APTT、PT、FIB差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表2。
表 2 两组手术前后凝血功能比较(
$\;\bar x \pm s$ )凝血功能指标 对照组(n=60) 观察组(n=60) 术前 术后48 h 术前 术后48 h APTT(t/s) 39.61±4.19 38.19±3.48 39.27±3.95 38.47±3.52 PT(t/s) 15.66±2.44 15.45±2.67 15.62±2.37 15.43±2.75 FIB(g/L) 3.96±0.27 3.69±0.29 3.98±0.36 3.74±0.32 -
术前两组患者疼痛情况、行走稳定情况、行走距离、行走辅助、伸屈情况、肌力水平无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后6月观察组患者疼痛情况、行走稳定情况、行走距离、行走辅助、伸屈情况、肌力水平均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
表 3 两组手术前后膝关节功能比较(
$\;\bar x \pm s$ )膝关节功能指标 对照组(n=60) 观察组(n=60) 术前 术后6月 术前 术后6月 疼痛程度 13.49±4.33 17.85±4.22* 13.42±4.23 21.03±3.26* 行走稳定情况 3.48±1.28 5.63±1.19* 3.44±1.22 7.84±2.03* 行走距离 3.25±1.33 6.49±2.33* 3.27±1.31 8.86±2.45* 行走辅助 4.49±1.24 7.16±2.02* 4.52±1.20 9.12±2.15* 伸屈状况 7.20±1.75 10.69±2.42* 7.16±1.86 13.15±1.04* 肌力水平 2.76±1.03 6.77±1.46* 2.74±0.92 8.84±1.93* *P<0.05,与术前比较。 -
治疗期间,观察组并发症总发生率为8.33%,对照组并发症总发生率为13.33%,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。
表 4 两组并发症比较[n(%)]
组别 n 术后切口
血肿切口感染 下肢深
静脉血栓其他 并发症
总发生率对照组 60 2(3.33) 2(3.33) 0(0.00) 4(6.67) 8(13.33) 观察组 60 1(1.67) 0(0.00) 1(1.67) 3(5.00) 5(8.33)
The therapeutic effects of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty during perioperative period
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摘要:
目的 分析氨甲环酸在全膝关节置换术围术期的应用效果。 方法 以2018年12月至2020年3月本院关节外科收治的老年膝骨关节炎患者120例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组采用全膝关节置换术进行治疗,观察组在全膝关节置换术的术中和术后分别使用氨甲环酸注射液进行治疗,均使用1次,两组术后均随访6个月。比较两组手术相关指标,术前和术后48 h凝血功能,术前和术后6个月膝关节功能,统计两组住院期间并发症发生情况。 结果 观察组患者术中失血量、隐性失血量、术后引流量均低于对照组(P<0.05),且术后引流时间、创面干燥时间、创面愈合时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。与术前比较,术后48 h两组凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和全血纤维蛋白原(FIB)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与术前比较,术后6个月两组疼痛情况、行走稳定情况、行走距离、行走辅助、伸屈情况、肌力水平得分均升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症总发生率为8.33%,对照组患者并发症总发生率为13.33%,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 氨甲环酸可有效减少老年膝骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术中失血,降低术后引流量,缩短术后引流时间,促进创面愈合,同时改善患者膝关节功能,且对凝血功能影响小,术后并发症少。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the application value of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. Methods 120 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to Department of Joint Surgery in our hospital from December 2018 to March 2020 were selected as study subjects. They were divided into the control group and the observation group by random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group was treated with total knee arthroplasty. The observation group received one tranexamic acid injection during and after total knee arthroplasty. Both groups were followed up for 6 months after the operation. The operation-related indexes in two groups, preoperative and postoperative coagulation function 48 h after operation, preoperative and postoperative knee joint function 6 months after operation were compared. The incidence of complications during hospitalization in the two groups was counted. Results The intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss and postoperative drainage volume of the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative drainage time, drying time and wound healing time in the observation group were all shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and whole blood fibrinogen (FIB) between two groups before the surgery and 48 h after operation (P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with those before operation, the pain, walking stability, walking distance, walking assistance, flexor extension and muscle strength scores of the subjects in the two groups increased 6 months after the operation. The index scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). During the treatment, the total complication rate was 8.33% in the observation group and 13.33% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Tranexamic acid can effectively reduce blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and postoperative drainage time in total knee arthroplasty for elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. It promotes wound healing, improves knee joint function, and has little effect on coagulation function and less postoperative complications. -
Key words:
- knee osteoarthritis /
- tranexamic acid /
- total knee arthroplasty /
- elderly /
- coagulation function /
- knee joint function
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表 1 两组手术相关指标比较(
$\;\bar x \pm s$ )组别 n 术中失血量(V/ml) 隐性失血量(V/ml) 术后引流量(V/ml) 术后引流时间(t/d) 创面干燥时间(t/d) 创面愈合时间(t/d) 对照组 60 188.38±21.75 600.36±60.37 310.43±47.38 5.62±1.03 2.86±0.55 16.35±2.35 观察组 60 173.27±19.05 417.43±53.28 250.36±39.28 3.26±0.26 2.01±0.41 14.26±2.71 t值 − 4.048 17.598 7.560 17.208 9.598 4.513 P − <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 表 2 两组手术前后凝血功能比较(
$\;\bar x \pm s$ )凝血功能指标 对照组(n=60) 观察组(n=60) 术前 术后48 h 术前 术后48 h APTT(t/s) 39.61±4.19 38.19±3.48 39.27±3.95 38.47±3.52 PT(t/s) 15.66±2.44 15.45±2.67 15.62±2.37 15.43±2.75 FIB(g/L) 3.96±0.27 3.69±0.29 3.98±0.36 3.74±0.32 表 3 两组手术前后膝关节功能比较(
$\;\bar x \pm s$ )膝关节功能指标 对照组(n=60) 观察组(n=60) 术前 术后6月 术前 术后6月 疼痛程度 13.49±4.33 17.85±4.22* 13.42±4.23 21.03±3.26* 行走稳定情况 3.48±1.28 5.63±1.19* 3.44±1.22 7.84±2.03* 行走距离 3.25±1.33 6.49±2.33* 3.27±1.31 8.86±2.45* 行走辅助 4.49±1.24 7.16±2.02* 4.52±1.20 9.12±2.15* 伸屈状况 7.20±1.75 10.69±2.42* 7.16±1.86 13.15±1.04* 肌力水平 2.76±1.03 6.77±1.46* 2.74±0.92 8.84±1.93* *P<0.05,与术前比较。 表 4 两组并发症比较[n(%)]
组别 n 术后切口
血肿切口感染 下肢深
静脉血栓其他 并发症
总发生率对照组 60 2(3.33) 2(3.33) 0(0.00) 4(6.67) 8(13.33) 观察组 60 1(1.67) 0(0.00) 1(1.67) 3(5.00) 5(8.33) -
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