-
化脓性血栓性静脉炎(STP)是指伴有细菌或真菌感染的血管内血栓形成[1],属于复杂性导管相关性血流感染并可引起局部或远处感染性并发症,在其治疗过程中抗菌药物的选择及使用具有关键作用[2]。此外,对于STP的抗凝治疗目前尚无统一认识,不同的医生选择也不尽相同[3]。STP虽不常见,但如果治疗不及时,会导致极高死亡率。本文从1例STP继发肺部感染患者的治疗过程,探讨合理抗感染及联合抗凝的必要性,并分析临床药师在重症医疗团队中开展药学监护的作用。
Analysis of drug therapy in a patient with pulmonary infection secondary to suppurative thrombophlebitis
-
摘要:
目的 探讨在治疗化脓性血栓静脉炎继发转移性肺部感染患者过程中药学监护的作用。 方法 回顾性分析1例确诊为化脓性血栓静脉炎,并继发肺部转移性感染患者的治疗及临床药师参与监护的全过程,评价抗菌药物的使用,并探索化脓性血栓性静脉炎治疗中抗凝管理的经验。 结果 临床药师基于感染部位、脓毒性血栓特点、万古霉素血药浓度监测、抗菌药物代谢动力学/药效学特性等,在抗感染方案调整、万古霉素个体化治疗优化、抗凝时机等方面为临床医师及患者提供全面药学服务,患者全身感染及脓毒性血栓得到有效控制,促进了化脓性血栓静脉炎患者的治疗。 结论 临床药师能在重症患者治疗团队中发挥重要作用,提高抗菌药物的合理使用。 Abstract:Objective To explore the role of pharmaceutical care in the treatment of patients with pulmonary infection secondary to suppurative thrombophlebitis. Methods The treatment of a patient diagnosed with pulmonary metastatic infection secondary to suppurative thrombophlebitis and the whole process of clinical pharmacists participating in the monitoring were analyzed retrospectively. The use of antibiotics was evaluated, and the experience of coagulation management in suppurative thrombophlebitis was explored. Results Based on the infection site, characteristics of septic thrombus, monitoring of vancomycin blood concentration, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics of antibiotics, clinical pharmacists provided comprehensive pharmaceutical services for clinicians and patients in terms of anti-infection scheme adjustment, optimization of vancomycin individualized treatment, anticoagulant timing. Patient’s systemic infection and septic thrombus can be effectively controlled and which promotes the treatment of patients with suppurative thrombophlebitis. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists can play an important role in the treatment team of severe patients to improve the rational use of antibiotics. -
[1] LIPE D N, FORIS L A, KING K C. Septic Thrombophlebitis [M]. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL); StatPearls Publishing, 2021. [2] MERMEL L A, ALLON M, BOUZA E, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Disea-ses Society of America[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2009,49(1):1-45. doi: 10.1086/599376 [3] FALAGAS M E, VARDAKAS K Z, ATHANASIOU S. Intravenous heparin in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of deep vein septic thrombophlebitis: a systematic review[J]. Eur J Pharmacol,2007,557(2-3):93-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.068 [4] 吴秀文, 任建安. 中国腹腔感染诊治指南(2019版)[J]. 中国实用外科杂志, 2020, 40(1):1-16. [5] HACKEL M A, BADAL R E, BOUCHILLON S K, et al. Resistance rates of intra-abdominal isolates from intensive care units and non-intensive care units in the United States: the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends 2010-2012[J]. Surg Infect (Larchmt),2015,16(3):298-304. doi: 10.1089/sur.2014.060 [6] RYBAK M J, LE J, LODISE T P, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists[J]. Am J Health Syst Pharm,2020,77(11):835-864. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa036 [7] YE R, ZHAO L, WANG C H, et al. Clinical characteristics of septic pulmonary embolism in adults: a systematic review[J]. Respir Med,2014,108(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.012 [8] CHAVES F, GARNACHO-MONTERO J, DEL POZO J L, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infection: clinical guidelines of the Spanish society of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology and (seimc) and the Spanish society of Spanish society of intensive and critical care medicine and coronary units (semicyuc)[J]. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed),2018,42(1):5-36. doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.09.012 [9] DOLAN E, HELLINGA R, LONDON M, et al. Effect of vancomycin loading doses on the attainment of target trough concentrations in hospitalized children[J]. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther,2020,25(5):423-430. [10] YE Z K, CHEN Y L, CHEN K, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin: a guideline of the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother,2016,71(11):3020-3025. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw254 [11] PATEL N, PAI M P, RODVOLD K A, et al. Vancomycin: we can’t get there from here[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2011,52(8):969-974. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir078 [12] VAN ROODEN C J, SCHIPPERS E F, BARGE R M, et al. Infectious complications of central venous catheters increase the risk of catheter-related thrombosis in hematology patients: a prospective study[J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23(12):2655-2660. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.002 [13] VALERIO L, RIVA N. Head, neck, and abdominopelvic septic thrombophlebitis: current evidence and challenges in diagnosis and treatment[J]. Hamostaseologie,2020,40(3):301-310. doi: 10.1055/a-1177-5127 [14] DENIS S, MBBS, FRACP, et al. Catheter-related septic thrombophlebitis[EB/OL]. UpToDate, 2020, 12, 08https://www.uptodate. com/contents/catheter-related-septic-thrombophlebitis. [15] MONAGLE P, CUELLO C A, AUGUSTINE C, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 Guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of pediatric venous thromboembolism[J]. Blood Adv,2018,2(22):3292-3316. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024786 [16] KOO J, PONG A, DORY C, et al. Management and outcomes of pediatric septic thrombophlebitis: a case series[J]. Pediatr Hematol Oncol,2020,37(4):344-352. doi: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1733147