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神经损伤是世界范围内致残和导致死亡的主要原因,神经损伤疾病患病率的大幅增加导致了全社会的健康负担加重[1]。神经损伤主要包括颅脑损伤(TBI)和缺血性脑卒中(CI)等,其中TBI是最常见的神经损伤类型[2],分为急性和慢性两个阶段,炎症是这两个阶段的共同特征,目前还没有有效治疗TBI的药物和方法,迫切需要寻找具有更广泛作用的药物,以缓解TBI后炎症反应[3]。脑缺血是神经损伤患者死亡的最常见病因之一[4],大脑因供血中断而致脑缺血,进而导致中风等神经损伤性疾病[5]。CI诱导了多种细胞死亡形式,如兴奋性毒性、酸毒性和离子失衡、氧化/氧化应激、炎症[6]、凋亡和梗死周围去极化等。目前CI最有效的治疗手段是静脉溶栓和血管内取栓以达到快速再灌注,这两者都能降低患者致残率,但都需要在发病4小时内尽快完成[4],目前尚无有效的药物治疗CI患者。
中药具有多途径、多靶点的特点,已有2000多年的发展历史和临床用药经验[7],如唐·孙思邈所著《备急千金方》中“小续命汤治卒中风欲死”和“大秦艽汤(金·刘完素)治中风”等。因此,阐明在临床上广泛使用的中药的作用机制是本文关注的重点。益母草来自唇形科植物益母草(Leonurus japonicus Houtt)的新鲜或干燥地上部分,临床上主要用于子宫收缩和镇静[8]。现代药理学研究发现其具有子宫收缩、抗炎、镇痛和抗氧化作用等[9]。值得引起关注的是,益母草对神经损伤也有保护作用[10]。然而,关于益母草治疗神经损伤的物质基础和作用机制的研究还未见报道。因此有必要阐明益母草治疗神经损伤的物质基础和作用机制。
本研究旨在利用网络药理学预测益母草的活性成分、靶点及相关通路来探讨其治疗神经损伤的潜在分子机制,为益母草的药理机制深入研究和临床应用提供参考。
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通过TCMSP数据库检索到益母草已报道的化学成分,以ADME参数OB≥30%、DL≥0.18进行筛选,得到益母草活性成分8个;BATMAN-TCM数据库检索到10个益母草活性成分;加上文献检索的1个化合物共19个(表1)。再将这19个活性成分输入TCMSP以及STP数据库,搜索的结果经过筛选去除重复项后共得到654个益母草潜在靶点。
表 1 益母草筛选所得活性成分
序号 化合物 来源数据库 1 没食子酸 BATMAN-TCM 2 水苏糖 BATMAN-TCM 3 芦丁 BATMAN-TCM 4 月桂酸 BATMAN-TCM 5 水苏碱 BATMAN-TCM 6 益母草素 BATMAN-TCM 7 西班牙夏罗草酮 BATMAN-TCM 8 鸟嘌呤 BATMAN-TCM 9 益母草碱 BATMAN-TCM 10 4-胍基丁醇 BATMAN-TCM 11 鼬瓣花二萜 TCMSP 12 ZINC04073977 TCMSP 13 前益母草二萜 TCMSP 14 异前益母草二萜 TCMSP 15 槲皮苷 TCMSP 16 花生四烯酸 TCMSP 17 异鼠李素 TCMSP 18 山奈酚 TCMSP 19 葫芦巴碱 文献 -
通过GeneCards、DisGenet和OMIM数据库以疾病名称为“cerebral ischemia”和“traumatic brain injury”分别进行检索,在DisGenet数据库中没有检测到TBI靶点,删除重复值后,得到神经损伤的靶点3605个,将疾病相关的靶点与益母草靶点进行Venn交集分析,筛选得到益母草治疗神经损伤的潜在靶点426个,并获得药物-疾病共同靶点基因韦恩图(图1)。
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将益母草治疗神经损伤的426个潜在靶点,导入STRING数据库,将相互作用靶点的结果导入Cytoscape 3.6.0进行可视化分析,得到由331个节点、6955条边共同组成的网络(图2),同时得到网络中关键靶点的度值(表2)。如图2所示,与神经损伤相关度较高的靶点(度值≥139)为丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)受体、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(CASP3)、肿瘤蛋白P53(TP53)、基质金属蛋白酶-9 (MMP9)。度值大的靶点提示在网络调控中起关键作用,这些度值大的靶点很可能是益母草治疗神经损伤的关键靶点。
表 2 益母草治疗神经损伤相关靶点信息
基因 度值 靶点名称 数据库中代码 AKT1 225 丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 P31749 IL6 217 白介素6 P05231 VEGFA 196 血管内皮生长因子A P15692 TNF 187 肿瘤生长因子 P01375 TP53 186 细胞肿瘤抗原P53 P04637 SRC 165 原癌基因酪氨酸受体激酶 P12931 CASP3 163 胱天蛋白酶-3 P42574 MAPK1 160 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1 P28482 CXCL8 157 白介素8 P10145 EGFR 153 表皮生长因子受体 P00533 EGF 150 前表皮生长因子 P01133 PTGS2 146 牛前列腺素G/H合成酶2 P35354 MAPK8 146 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶8 P45983 MYC 146 原癌基因蛋白Myc P01106 JUN 145 转录因子AP-1 P05412 STAT3 143 信号传导及转录激活子3 P40763 FOS 143 原癌基因c-Fos P01100 MMP9 139 基质金属蛋白酶9 P14780 IL-1β 133 白介素1β P01584 -
将“2.2” 项下获取的426个潜在的治疗神经损伤的靶点通过STRING进行生物过程(BP)、细胞组分(CC)和分子功能(MF)分析,以 P<0.01为条件,筛选靠前的GO富集分析,如图3所示。图中纵坐标表示富集条目,横坐标表示基因计数,颜色深浅代表-log10(p)值大小。其中 GO-BP 主要为应激反应、生物调节和细胞通讯等;GO-CC主要为细胞膜等;GO-MF主要为蛋白质结合、离子结合和催化还原活性等。
利用STRING数据库对益母草治疗神经损伤的潜在的426个靶点进行富集分析,筛选出显著的前16条信号通路(P<0.01),主要涉及的信号通路为MAPK、Toll样受体、PI3K-Akt、肿瘤坏死因子、IL-17和凋亡等信号通路(图4)。
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通过Cytoscape3.6.0软件得到药物“活性成分-靶点”的网络(图5)。网络中化合物19个,靶点426个。在图5中,箭头节点代表益母草中化合物,椭圆形节点代表靶点,结果可以明显看出益母草中度值相对较高的化合物有槲皮素、益母草碱、山奈酚、异鼠李素、水苏碱、葫芦巴碱等,这些化合物可能是益母草治疗神经损伤的关键化合物。
Potential molecular mechanism of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury based on network pharmacology
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摘要:
目的 探讨益母草治疗神经损伤的作用机制。 方法 检索中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)和中药分子机制的生物信息学数据库(BATMAN-TCM)获取益母草的活性成分,然后从SwissTargetPrediction (STP)和TCMSP数据库中收集和预测候选化合物的作用靶点。利用疾病靶点标准化数据库(Uniprot)获取益母草活性成分对应的靶标基因,与Genecards、DisGenet、OMIM三个数据库获取的神经损伤的疾病基因做映射,获得益母草治疗神经损伤的潜在作用靶点。其次借助网络拓扑分析软件Cytoscape 3.6.0构建益母草活性成分-作用靶点网络。通过蛋白互作平台数据库(STRING)构建作用靶点之间的互作关系(PPI),将其导入Cytoscape3.6.0软件构建PPI网络图。最后,通过STRING数据库对益母草治疗神经损伤的作用靶点进行GO富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。 结果 从益母草中筛选出19个有效活性成分,涉及654个作用靶点,其中与神经损伤有关的作用靶点426个,关键靶点6个,这些靶点基因主要参与生物调节、氧化应激反应、细胞通讯等生物学过程。分子功能主要与蛋白质结合、离子结合和催化还原有关,它们在细胞膜外侧富集。其机制与MAPK、Toll样受体、PI3K-Akt、肿瘤坏死因子、IL-17和细胞凋亡等信号通路等有关。 结论 益母草的活性成分可能是通过抗炎、抗凋亡和促进细胞生长来发挥神经损伤的保护作用。 Abstract:Objective To explore the mechanism of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury. Methods The active components of motherwort were obtained by searching TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The action targets of candidate compounds were collected and predicted from TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction (STP) databases. The target genes corresponding to the active components of motherwort were obtained by using the standardized database of disease targets (Uniprot). The potential targets of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury were obtained by mapping the disease genes of nerve injury with the three databases of Genecards, DisGenet and OMIM. The network topology analysis software Cytoscape 3.6.0 was used to construct the action target network of motherwort active components. The protein interaction platform database (STRING) was used to construct the interaction relationship between action targets. The target protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by introducing Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Through STRING database, GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out to analyze the target points of motherwort in the treatment of nerve injury. Results 19 active components were screened from motherwort, involving 654 action targets, including 426 action targets related to nerve injury and 6 key targets. These target genes were mainly involved in biological regulation, oxidative stress response and cell communication and other biological processes. Molecular functions were mainly related to protein binding, ion binding and catalytic reduction. They were enriched outside the cell membrane. Its mechanism was related to signal pathways such as MAPK, Toll-like receptor, PI3K-Akt, TNF, IL-17, and apoptosis. Conclusion The active components of motherwort may play a protective role on nerve injury through anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and promoting cell growth. -
Key words:
- motherwort /
- network pharmacology /
- nerve injury
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表 1 益母草筛选所得活性成分
序号 化合物 来源数据库 1 没食子酸 BATMAN-TCM 2 水苏糖 BATMAN-TCM 3 芦丁 BATMAN-TCM 4 月桂酸 BATMAN-TCM 5 水苏碱 BATMAN-TCM 6 益母草素 BATMAN-TCM 7 西班牙夏罗草酮 BATMAN-TCM 8 鸟嘌呤 BATMAN-TCM 9 益母草碱 BATMAN-TCM 10 4-胍基丁醇 BATMAN-TCM 11 鼬瓣花二萜 TCMSP 12 ZINC04073977 TCMSP 13 前益母草二萜 TCMSP 14 异前益母草二萜 TCMSP 15 槲皮苷 TCMSP 16 花生四烯酸 TCMSP 17 异鼠李素 TCMSP 18 山奈酚 TCMSP 19 葫芦巴碱 文献 表 2 益母草治疗神经损伤相关靶点信息
基因 度值 靶点名称 数据库中代码 AKT1 225 丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 P31749 IL6 217 白介素6 P05231 VEGFA 196 血管内皮生长因子A P15692 TNF 187 肿瘤生长因子 P01375 TP53 186 细胞肿瘤抗原P53 P04637 SRC 165 原癌基因酪氨酸受体激酶 P12931 CASP3 163 胱天蛋白酶-3 P42574 MAPK1 160 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1 P28482 CXCL8 157 白介素8 P10145 EGFR 153 表皮生长因子受体 P00533 EGF 150 前表皮生长因子 P01133 PTGS2 146 牛前列腺素G/H合成酶2 P35354 MAPK8 146 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶8 P45983 MYC 146 原癌基因蛋白Myc P01106 JUN 145 转录因子AP-1 P05412 STAT3 143 信号传导及转录激活子3 P40763 FOS 143 原癌基因c-Fos P01100 MMP9 139 基质金属蛋白酶9 P14780 IL-1β 133 白介素1β P01584 -
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