2016 Vol. 34, No. 3
Display Method:
2016, 34(3): 193-195.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.001
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Gastrointestinal tract is one of the most sensitive organs exposed to ionizing radiation. Radiation enteropathy is a hot topic in radiobiological field. Cumulative evidences demonstrated that cyclooxygenases (COXs) might contribute substantially to attenuating intestinal damage provoked by irradiation. The role of cyclooxygenases in radiation-induced intestinal damage was reviewed in this paper.
Gastrointestinal tract is one of the most sensitive organs exposed to ionizing radiation. Radiation enteropathy is a hot topic in radiobiological field. Cumulative evidences demonstrated that cyclooxygenases (COXs) might contribute substantially to attenuating intestinal damage provoked by irradiation. The role of cyclooxygenases in radiation-induced intestinal damage was reviewed in this paper.
2016, 34(3): 196-200,236.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.002
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In recent years, as a novel drug delivery system, gold nanoparticles have attracted widespread attention. Because of their special physicochemical properties, such as quantum size effect, unique optical phenomenon, easily reacting with thiol compounds or disulfides and so on, gold nanoparticles can delivery variety of types of drugs, like proteins, nucleic acid, small molecular drugs, therefore they can be applied in tumor treatment and detection. In this paper the preparation of drug-loading gold nanoparticles, their drug-loading ways and safety issues were reviewed.
In recent years, as a novel drug delivery system, gold nanoparticles have attracted widespread attention. Because of their special physicochemical properties, such as quantum size effect, unique optical phenomenon, easily reacting with thiol compounds or disulfides and so on, gold nanoparticles can delivery variety of types of drugs, like proteins, nucleic acid, small molecular drugs, therefore they can be applied in tumor treatment and detection. In this paper the preparation of drug-loading gold nanoparticles, their drug-loading ways and safety issues were reviewed.
2016, 34(3): 201-205,282.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.003
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Objective To study the liver protection of total celosins (CES) in different liver damage models. Method Acute liver damage mouse model, chronic liver damage rat model and immune liver damage mouse model were established for this study. Liver function tests, liver lipid peroxidation indicators and liver pathology were observed. Results CES of each dose group can lower serum ALT and AST in different degrees, can significantly reduce the content of MDA in liver homogenate, while can increase SOD activity. Pathological examination showed that animals administered significantly reduced the degree of liver cell damage. Conclusion CES have protective effects on acute liver damage induced by CCl4, chronic liver damage induced by CCl4 and immunological liver damage induced by concanavalin A. Its hepatoprotective effect may be related to its antioxidant effects.
Objective To study the liver protection of total celosins (CES) in different liver damage models. Method Acute liver damage mouse model, chronic liver damage rat model and immune liver damage mouse model were established for this study. Liver function tests, liver lipid peroxidation indicators and liver pathology were observed. Results CES of each dose group can lower serum ALT and AST in different degrees, can significantly reduce the content of MDA in liver homogenate, while can increase SOD activity. Pathological examination showed that animals administered significantly reduced the degree of liver cell damage. Conclusion CES have protective effects on acute liver damage induced by CCl4, chronic liver damage induced by CCl4 and immunological liver damage induced by concanavalin A. Its hepatoprotective effect may be related to its antioxidant effects.
2016, 34(3): 206-209,288.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.004
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Objective To study the protective effects and mechanism of Asiatic Acid (AA) on traumatic brain injury. Methods The closed craniocerebral injury model made by the weight-drop method and fluid percussion brain injury model were used in the study. Brain water content, blood brain barrier permeability and brain tissue pathology morphology were measured to study the neuroprotective effect of AA on traumatic brain injury. Moreover, the inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 were examined by PCR and ELISA to study the mechanism of AA. Results Brain water content and permeability of blood brain barrier were significantly decreased, the traumatic brain injury was nameliorated by AA. Moreover, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 were inhibited by AA. Conclusion AA has the protective effects on traumatic brain injury and the mechanism is related to the anti-inflammatory effect.
Objective To study the protective effects and mechanism of Asiatic Acid (AA) on traumatic brain injury. Methods The closed craniocerebral injury model made by the weight-drop method and fluid percussion brain injury model were used in the study. Brain water content, blood brain barrier permeability and brain tissue pathology morphology were measured to study the neuroprotective effect of AA on traumatic brain injury. Moreover, the inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 were examined by PCR and ELISA to study the mechanism of AA. Results Brain water content and permeability of blood brain barrier were significantly decreased, the traumatic brain injury was nameliorated by AA. Moreover, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 were inhibited by AA. Conclusion AA has the protective effects on traumatic brain injury and the mechanism is related to the anti-inflammatory effect.
2016, 34(3): 210-214.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.005
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Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of combination use of chloroquine (CQ) with either dexamethasone (DEX) or radiation on multiple myeloma (MM) cell line U266. Methods Cell viability of U266 treated with CQ alone, or CQ combined with either DEX or radiation was measured by cell counting kit-8(cck8). CalcuSyn method was used to assess effect of drugs interaction. Cell viability and apoptosis of U266 pre-treated with CQ were also measured by cck8 and flow cytometry after radiation. Expression of B-cellymphoma-2(Bcl-2) in U266 cells treated by CQ combined with DEX or radiation was determined by Western blot analysis. Results Either CQ or DEX displayed a dose dependent cell proliferation inhibitory effect on U266 cells. Cytotoxic effect of DEX (125 μmol/L) on U266 cells was enhanced and expression of Bcl-2 protein in U266 cells was decreased by combining with CQ (3.9 μmol/L). U266 cells were sensitized to radiation and cell death was induced by CQ (1.0 μmol/L). Conclusion CQ could sensitize cytotoxic effect of DEX or radiation on U266 cells, and the former was possibly related to down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein.
Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of combination use of chloroquine (CQ) with either dexamethasone (DEX) or radiation on multiple myeloma (MM) cell line U266. Methods Cell viability of U266 treated with CQ alone, or CQ combined with either DEX or radiation was measured by cell counting kit-8(cck8). CalcuSyn method was used to assess effect of drugs interaction. Cell viability and apoptosis of U266 pre-treated with CQ were also measured by cck8 and flow cytometry after radiation. Expression of B-cellymphoma-2(Bcl-2) in U266 cells treated by CQ combined with DEX or radiation was determined by Western blot analysis. Results Either CQ or DEX displayed a dose dependent cell proliferation inhibitory effect on U266 cells. Cytotoxic effect of DEX (125 μmol/L) on U266 cells was enhanced and expression of Bcl-2 protein in U266 cells was decreased by combining with CQ (3.9 μmol/L). U266 cells were sensitized to radiation and cell death was induced by CQ (1.0 μmol/L). Conclusion CQ could sensitize cytotoxic effect of DEX or radiation on U266 cells, and the former was possibly related to down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein.
2016, 34(3): 215-218.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.006
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Objective To study the genotoxicity of triptolide, an important active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. Methods Ames test, in vitro chromosomal aberration test of CHO cell and in vivo micronucleus assay were performed to investigate the genotoxicity of triptolide. Results The Ames test showed that triptolide did not increase mutagenicity for TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 strains at the dosage of 1.6~1000 μg per plate with and without metabolic activation system S9. Results of in vitro CHO cell chromosomal aberration test indicated that there was no statistical difference between the triptolide groups (doses of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 μg/ml) and the solvent control group with and without metabolic activation system S9. However, triptolide significantly increased polychromatophilic erythrocyte micronucleus formation at the dosage of 720 μg/kg in ICR mice. Conclusion Triptolide did not induce genetic toxicity based on the Ames test and chromosomal aberration test, but could increase micronucleus formation at the dosage of 720 μg/kg. These results indicated that triptolide may have potential genotoxicity on human health.
Objective To study the genotoxicity of triptolide, an important active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. Methods Ames test, in vitro chromosomal aberration test of CHO cell and in vivo micronucleus assay were performed to investigate the genotoxicity of triptolide. Results The Ames test showed that triptolide did not increase mutagenicity for TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 strains at the dosage of 1.6~1000 μg per plate with and without metabolic activation system S9. Results of in vitro CHO cell chromosomal aberration test indicated that there was no statistical difference between the triptolide groups (doses of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 μg/ml) and the solvent control group with and without metabolic activation system S9. However, triptolide significantly increased polychromatophilic erythrocyte micronucleus formation at the dosage of 720 μg/kg in ICR mice. Conclusion Triptolide did not induce genetic toxicity based on the Ames test and chromosomal aberration test, but could increase micronucleus formation at the dosage of 720 μg/kg. These results indicated that triptolide may have potential genotoxicity on human health.
2016, 34(3): 219-222,274.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.007
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Objective To investigate mechanism of Wentilactone A (WA) inhibition of small cell lung cancer(SCLC) cell line NCI-H1688 migration. Methods The migration and proliferation were analyzed by wounding-healing assay and MTT assay[3- (4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT]. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the expression of ATF3 protein after WA treatment. Western blot was used to examine the expression of key proteins in ATF3/Nrf2/AKR1C1 signal pathway. Results WA inhibits the proliferation and migration of SCLC. MTT analysis showed WA inhibits the proliferation of NCI-H1688 cell line in a time-dependent manner. The number of migrated cells in WA treatment group was (8.73±1.06) mm, which was lower than that of control group (15.63±3.11) mm, The number of migrated cells in AKR1C1 expression group was (24.37±0.90) mm, the number of migrated cells in AKR1C1 expression and WA treatment group was (14.17±1.31) mm, with significant difference (P<0.05). WA enhances the nuclear expression of ATF3, and then reduces the expression of p-Nrf2 and AKR1C1. Conclusion WA inhibits the proliferation and migration of SCLC through ATF3/Nrf2/AKR1C1 signal pathway.
Objective To investigate mechanism of Wentilactone A (WA) inhibition of small cell lung cancer(SCLC) cell line NCI-H1688 migration. Methods The migration and proliferation were analyzed by wounding-healing assay and MTT assay[3- (4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT]. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the expression of ATF3 protein after WA treatment. Western blot was used to examine the expression of key proteins in ATF3/Nrf2/AKR1C1 signal pathway. Results WA inhibits the proliferation and migration of SCLC. MTT analysis showed WA inhibits the proliferation of NCI-H1688 cell line in a time-dependent manner. The number of migrated cells in WA treatment group was (8.73±1.06) mm, which was lower than that of control group (15.63±3.11) mm, The number of migrated cells in AKR1C1 expression group was (24.37±0.90) mm, the number of migrated cells in AKR1C1 expression and WA treatment group was (14.17±1.31) mm, with significant difference (P<0.05). WA enhances the nuclear expression of ATF3, and then reduces the expression of p-Nrf2 and AKR1C1. Conclusion WA inhibits the proliferation and migration of SCLC through ATF3/Nrf2/AKR1C1 signal pathway.
2016, 34(3): 223-226,277.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.008
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Objective To study the cell proliferative effects of fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma spp. on 26 gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Method 26 human gastric cancer cell lines were treated with FIPs by MTS assay. The average optical density(OD) in 490 nm and inhibition rate(GI50)was counted by Universal Microplate Spectrophotometer. Results Three FIPs showed similar profiling in 26 human gastric cancer cell lines after 72 h treatment in cell proliferation assay, which except for NUGC-4 and OCUM-1 did not showed obvious anti-proliferative effect, the other 24 human gastric cell lines showed some anti-proliferative effects, especially for 7 cell lines(NUGC-3, GTL-16, HGC-27, IM95m, SNU-638, SNU-216 and SNU-5) showing strong potency, with their GI50 less than 50 μg/ml. Conclusion FIPs showed strong anti-proliferative effects in some human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro, which had potential to be further developed as anti-gastric cancer drugs.
Objective To study the cell proliferative effects of fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma spp. on 26 gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. Method 26 human gastric cancer cell lines were treated with FIPs by MTS assay. The average optical density(OD) in 490 nm and inhibition rate(GI50)was counted by Universal Microplate Spectrophotometer. Results Three FIPs showed similar profiling in 26 human gastric cancer cell lines after 72 h treatment in cell proliferation assay, which except for NUGC-4 and OCUM-1 did not showed obvious anti-proliferative effect, the other 24 human gastric cell lines showed some anti-proliferative effects, especially for 7 cell lines(NUGC-3, GTL-16, HGC-27, IM95m, SNU-638, SNU-216 and SNU-5) showing strong potency, with their GI50 less than 50 μg/ml. Conclusion FIPs showed strong anti-proliferative effects in some human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro, which had potential to be further developed as anti-gastric cancer drugs.
2016, 34(3): 227-231.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.009
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Objective To discuss the development of ADR monitoring in Chinese medical institutions by the bibliometrics. Methods Literatures from CNKI.net, VIP and Wanfang Database were retrieved, then to compliant literatures were screened according to inclusion requirements, and the bibliometric indicators were used to analyze by bibliometric metrology. Results 4079 literatures were screened compliantly. The trend in the annual number of literatures about medical institutions ADR reports was overall upward 1990-2015. Top 20 of journals covered for 54.55% of all papers analyzing ADR reports. Distribution of journals published ADR literatures publication showed significant Bradford features. The top six provinces published cumulative amount ratio close to 50%, which showed regional distribution of literature. The proportion of published literatures from medical institutions in the prefecture-level cities was the largest (50.87%), the average of literatures amount in the capital cities was largest, 5 mulriple of the county cities. Pharmacists were the main author group of writing papers which analyzing medical institutions ADR reports, accounting for 87.01%. Conclusion The changes in the annual number of literatures which analyzed medical institutions ADR reports could reflect the development process of ADR monitoring in China. The level of ADR monitoring research was related to the level of regional economic development.
Objective To discuss the development of ADR monitoring in Chinese medical institutions by the bibliometrics. Methods Literatures from CNKI.net, VIP and Wanfang Database were retrieved, then to compliant literatures were screened according to inclusion requirements, and the bibliometric indicators were used to analyze by bibliometric metrology. Results 4079 literatures were screened compliantly. The trend in the annual number of literatures about medical institutions ADR reports was overall upward 1990-2015. Top 20 of journals covered for 54.55% of all papers analyzing ADR reports. Distribution of journals published ADR literatures publication showed significant Bradford features. The top six provinces published cumulative amount ratio close to 50%, which showed regional distribution of literature. The proportion of published literatures from medical institutions in the prefecture-level cities was the largest (50.87%), the average of literatures amount in the capital cities was largest, 5 mulriple of the county cities. Pharmacists were the main author group of writing papers which analyzing medical institutions ADR reports, accounting for 87.01%. Conclusion The changes in the annual number of literatures which analyzed medical institutions ADR reports could reflect the development process of ADR monitoring in China. The level of ADR monitoring research was related to the level of regional economic development.
2016, 34(3): 232-236.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.010
Abstract:
Taking Pharm.D. degree education in School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh as an example, this paper introduced the American pharmacists training system, degree setting for service-oriented pharmacy students, training objective, course design, teaching staff and other aspects. This paper also reviewed pharmacy education and professional developments for licensed pharmacists in China. Based on the successful experience abroad, proposals were made to modify the domestic pharmacy education. The process of personnel training should be emphasized to improve the quality and capability of licensed pharmacists in China.
Taking Pharm.D. degree education in School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh as an example, this paper introduced the American pharmacists training system, degree setting for service-oriented pharmacy students, training objective, course design, teaching staff and other aspects. This paper also reviewed pharmacy education and professional developments for licensed pharmacists in China. Based on the successful experience abroad, proposals were made to modify the domestic pharmacy education. The process of personnel training should be emphasized to improve the quality and capability of licensed pharmacists in China.
2016, 34(3): 237-240,248.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.011
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects of Sini decoction (SND) on hypothyroidism based on serum metabonomics method. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups including sham group, surgery-induced hypothyroid model group and SND-treated group. The SND-treated group was given SND for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the serum samples of each rat were collected and analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOFMS, pattern recognition analysis of metabolomics differences among the groups and therapeutic effects of SND were evaluated. Results Total of 9 metabolites were identified through serum metabonomics analysis. It was showed that there was a possible mechanism that hypothyroidism was mainly involved in citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and phospholipid metabolism and the damage of hypothyroidism was reversed by SND. Conclusion SND administration could provide satisfactory effects on hypothyroidism through partially regulating the perturbed citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism and phospholipid metabolism.
Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects of Sini decoction (SND) on hypothyroidism based on serum metabonomics method. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups including sham group, surgery-induced hypothyroid model group and SND-treated group. The SND-treated group was given SND for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the serum samples of each rat were collected and analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOFMS, pattern recognition analysis of metabolomics differences among the groups and therapeutic effects of SND were evaluated. Results Total of 9 metabolites were identified through serum metabonomics analysis. It was showed that there was a possible mechanism that hypothyroidism was mainly involved in citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and phospholipid metabolism and the damage of hypothyroidism was reversed by SND. Conclusion SND administration could provide satisfactory effects on hypothyroidism through partially regulating the perturbed citrate cycle, phenylalanine metabolism and phospholipid metabolism.
2016, 34(3): 241-244,270.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.012
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Objective Our aim is to assess the performance of warfarin pharmacogenetic algorithms in patients post mechanical cardiac valve replacement under low dose warfarin anticoagulation. Methods Based on the specified standard, from January 2012 to October 2013, 107 patients of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were enrolled in the study. The target international normalized ratio (INR) ranging from 1.6 to 2.5 post surgery of mechanical cardiac valve replacement were set under low dose warfarin anticoagulation. All the patients' CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RELP and sequencing technology, and their doses of warfarin were adjusted by the results of INR. The patients were stratified into 3 groups according to the dose range:lower dose group (≤1.5 mg/d), intermediate dose group (1.5~4.5 mg/d) and higher dose group (≥4.5 mg/d). Then the predictive warfarin doses were calculated by international warfarin pharmaeogenetics consortium (IWPC) algorithm, the performance of the algorithm was evaluated by the mean absolute error (MAE) between warfarin predicted doses and actual stable doses, and the percentage of patients whose predicted doses within ideal doses (20% of their actual stable doses), over doses and under doses were compared. As well, the predicted warfarin doses were also regressed on stable doses, from which we obtain R2 values. Results MAE between warfarin predicted doses and stable doses was (0.89±0.62) mg/d with R2=0.325. The percentage of warfarin predicted doses within ideal doses was 42.06%, and the percentage within ideal doses in higher group was 50.00%, which was higher than in intermediate dose group (43.75%) and lower dose group (11.11%). Conclusion The performance of IWPC algorithm used in warfarin anticoagulation dose assessment in Chinese Han population is infinite, the pharmacogenetic algorithms suitable for the Chinese Han population with low dose warfarin anticoagulation need to be further studied and verified clinically.
Objective Our aim is to assess the performance of warfarin pharmacogenetic algorithms in patients post mechanical cardiac valve replacement under low dose warfarin anticoagulation. Methods Based on the specified standard, from January 2012 to October 2013, 107 patients of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were enrolled in the study. The target international normalized ratio (INR) ranging from 1.6 to 2.5 post surgery of mechanical cardiac valve replacement were set under low dose warfarin anticoagulation. All the patients' CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RELP and sequencing technology, and their doses of warfarin were adjusted by the results of INR. The patients were stratified into 3 groups according to the dose range:lower dose group (≤1.5 mg/d), intermediate dose group (1.5~4.5 mg/d) and higher dose group (≥4.5 mg/d). Then the predictive warfarin doses were calculated by international warfarin pharmaeogenetics consortium (IWPC) algorithm, the performance of the algorithm was evaluated by the mean absolute error (MAE) between warfarin predicted doses and actual stable doses, and the percentage of patients whose predicted doses within ideal doses (20% of their actual stable doses), over doses and under doses were compared. As well, the predicted warfarin doses were also regressed on stable doses, from which we obtain R2 values. Results MAE between warfarin predicted doses and stable doses was (0.89±0.62) mg/d with R2=0.325. The percentage of warfarin predicted doses within ideal doses was 42.06%, and the percentage within ideal doses in higher group was 50.00%, which was higher than in intermediate dose group (43.75%) and lower dose group (11.11%). Conclusion The performance of IWPC algorithm used in warfarin anticoagulation dose assessment in Chinese Han population is infinite, the pharmacogenetic algorithms suitable for the Chinese Han population with low dose warfarin anticoagulation need to be further studied and verified clinically.
2016, 34(3): 245-248.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.013
Abstract:
Objective To develop the methods for identification and determination of scutellarin in compound Granule Tetrandra. Methods A TLC method was used to identify quality for scutellarin, and a HPLC method was used to determine the content of scutellarin. Results The spot was clear in TLC identification without interference of negative control. The sample size of scutellarin had a good linear relationship with peak area r=0.9996(n=5)when ranged from 22.4~156.8 μg/ml, with the average recovery rate 97.79%(RSD=0.32%, n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, with good specificity and reproducibility, which can be used as the quality control for this preparation.
Objective To develop the methods for identification and determination of scutellarin in compound Granule Tetrandra. Methods A TLC method was used to identify quality for scutellarin, and a HPLC method was used to determine the content of scutellarin. Results The spot was clear in TLC identification without interference of negative control. The sample size of scutellarin had a good linear relationship with peak area r=0.9996(n=5)when ranged from 22.4~156.8 μg/ml, with the average recovery rate 97.79%(RSD=0.32%, n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, with good specificity and reproducibility, which can be used as the quality control for this preparation.
2016, 34(3): 249-251,254.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.014
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Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra for its quality control. Methods Sharpsil-T C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)was used with acetonitrile-water in gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was maintained at 30℃, and the detective wavelength was 203 nm. Results 24 co-possessing peaks were selected as fingerprint peaks and the similarities between each of the ten areas and the standard chromatographic fingerprints of Panax ginseng Rubra were calculated while Rb1 peak selected as the reference peak. The similarity was more than 0.940. Eleven chemical compounds were identified by comparing the reference substance. Conclusion The method could be used for the quality control of Panax ginseng Rubra with good precision, stability, and reproducibility.
Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra for its quality control. Methods Sharpsil-T C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)was used with acetonitrile-water in gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was maintained at 30℃, and the detective wavelength was 203 nm. Results 24 co-possessing peaks were selected as fingerprint peaks and the similarities between each of the ten areas and the standard chromatographic fingerprints of Panax ginseng Rubra were calculated while Rb1 peak selected as the reference peak. The similarity was more than 0.940. Eleven chemical compounds were identified by comparing the reference substance. Conclusion The method could be used for the quality control of Panax ginseng Rubra with good precision, stability, and reproducibility.
2016, 34(3): 252-254.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.015
Abstract:
Objective To modify the purified water analysis methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Vol.Ⅱ, Edition 2010), and mainly focus on the pH value determination, analysis of nitrate and nitrite, and the inspection of microorganism. Methods The usage of regents and colorimetric tubes in the analysis of nitrate and nitrite were inquired, the feasibility of plating culture used in the inspection of microorganism were proposed, and the suggestion of using more instrumental analysis instead of titrimetric analysis in the purified water inspection wasraised. Results The choice of colormetric apparatus and the precision of the regents were explicit. The plating method was better in convenience and reliability than membrane-filter procedure during the microorganism inspection. Instrumental analysis is the trend of purified water inspection and deserved to be recommended. Conclusion Based on our own and others' studies, the methods of impurity analysis are improved, which might be accepted in the revision of Chinese Pharmacopoeia in future.
Objective To modify the purified water analysis methods in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Vol.Ⅱ, Edition 2010), and mainly focus on the pH value determination, analysis of nitrate and nitrite, and the inspection of microorganism. Methods The usage of regents and colorimetric tubes in the analysis of nitrate and nitrite were inquired, the feasibility of plating culture used in the inspection of microorganism were proposed, and the suggestion of using more instrumental analysis instead of titrimetric analysis in the purified water inspection wasraised. Results The choice of colormetric apparatus and the precision of the regents were explicit. The plating method was better in convenience and reliability than membrane-filter procedure during the microorganism inspection. Instrumental analysis is the trend of purified water inspection and deserved to be recommended. Conclusion Based on our own and others' studies, the methods of impurity analysis are improved, which might be accepted in the revision of Chinese Pharmacopoeia in future.
2016, 34(3): 255-257.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.016
Abstract:
Objective To establish a determination method for valprate in serum. Methods Serum sample was acidified by sulfuric acid and extracted with ethyl ether, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was selected as an internal standard, α-bromoacetophenone as derivative reagent. Determination was performed with HPLC with methanol:water (70:30) as the mobile phase.The nalytical column was Eclipse Plus C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), detected at 248 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Results The linear rang of valproate was 8.65~173 μg/ml. The mean relative recovery was bigger than 99.27%. Both the relative standard deviation (RSD) of inter-day and intra-day was less than 5%. Conclusions The method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and suitable for clinical therapeutic drug monitoring.
Objective To establish a determination method for valprate in serum. Methods Serum sample was acidified by sulfuric acid and extracted with ethyl ether, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was selected as an internal standard, α-bromoacetophenone as derivative reagent. Determination was performed with HPLC with methanol:water (70:30) as the mobile phase.The nalytical column was Eclipse Plus C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), detected at 248 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Results The linear rang of valproate was 8.65~173 μg/ml. The mean relative recovery was bigger than 99.27%. Both the relative standard deviation (RSD) of inter-day and intra-day was less than 5%. Conclusions The method is rapid, accurate, sensitive and suitable for clinical therapeutic drug monitoring.
2016, 34(3): 258-260,266.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.017
Abstract:
Objective To improve the standard of the quality control of compound chlorhexidine acetate ointment. Methods TLC was used to control the quality of menthol crystal and camphor. A method to determine chlorhexidine acetate and cocaine hydrochloride simultaneously by HPLC was established. Results The spots of menthol crystal and camphor in TLC were clear. Chlorhexidine acetate and cocaine hydrochloride showed excellent linearity, which were at the range of 10.01-160.14 μg/ml and 10.01-160.14 μg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries were 101.5% (RSD=1.8%) and 100.5% (RSD=2.8%). Conclusion The methods were simple, sensitive and with good reproducibility and could be used to control the quality of compound chlorhexidine acetate ointment.
Objective To improve the standard of the quality control of compound chlorhexidine acetate ointment. Methods TLC was used to control the quality of menthol crystal and camphor. A method to determine chlorhexidine acetate and cocaine hydrochloride simultaneously by HPLC was established. Results The spots of menthol crystal and camphor in TLC were clear. Chlorhexidine acetate and cocaine hydrochloride showed excellent linearity, which were at the range of 10.01-160.14 μg/ml and 10.01-160.14 μg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries were 101.5% (RSD=1.8%) and 100.5% (RSD=2.8%). Conclusion The methods were simple, sensitive and with good reproducibility and could be used to control the quality of compound chlorhexidine acetate ointment.
2016, 34(3): 261-266.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.018
Abstract:
Objective To investigate whether decreasing affinity of CAR-T cells can increase their therapeutic outcome or not. Methods Moderate affinity La-G3HER2-CAR and high affinity Ha-G3HER2-CAR were constructed, and electroporated to modify T cells. Western blot assay, FCM assay and the RTCA DP cytotoxic equipment were applied to test the CAR expression and cytotoxic function of CAR-T cells. Results 43000 and 58000 exogenous CD3ζ fragments were expressed by both La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells and Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells with 58.1% and 69.0% transfection rate respectively. High affinity Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells effectively killed all target tumor cells by which HER2 was expressed at variable expression levels, while moderate affinity La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells specifically killed HER2 high-level expressing SK-OV-3 and BT474 cells, and showed weaker cytotoxicity on HER2 moderate-level expressing MDA-MB-231 and HCC-202 cells, and showed no cytotoxicity on HER2 low-level expressing MCF-7 and 293 cells. The underlying mechanic investigation found that La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells and Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells were differentially activated by co-culture with MDA-MB-231(CD107a:8.2% vs 71.6%, IFN-γ:66.3% vs 83.4%, TNF-α:73.4% vs 94.1%). Conclusion Moderate affinity La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells have enhanced specific cytotoxicity toward target tumor cells compared to high affinity Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells, decreasing affinity of CAR-T cell is a promising strategy to increase the therapeutic outcome of CAR-T cell based immunotherapies.
Objective To investigate whether decreasing affinity of CAR-T cells can increase their therapeutic outcome or not. Methods Moderate affinity La-G3HER2-CAR and high affinity Ha-G3HER2-CAR were constructed, and electroporated to modify T cells. Western blot assay, FCM assay and the RTCA DP cytotoxic equipment were applied to test the CAR expression and cytotoxic function of CAR-T cells. Results 43000 and 58000 exogenous CD3ζ fragments were expressed by both La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells and Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells with 58.1% and 69.0% transfection rate respectively. High affinity Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells effectively killed all target tumor cells by which HER2 was expressed at variable expression levels, while moderate affinity La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells specifically killed HER2 high-level expressing SK-OV-3 and BT474 cells, and showed weaker cytotoxicity on HER2 moderate-level expressing MDA-MB-231 and HCC-202 cells, and showed no cytotoxicity on HER2 low-level expressing MCF-7 and 293 cells. The underlying mechanic investigation found that La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells and Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells were differentially activated by co-culture with MDA-MB-231(CD107a:8.2% vs 71.6%, IFN-γ:66.3% vs 83.4%, TNF-α:73.4% vs 94.1%). Conclusion Moderate affinity La-G3HER2-CAR-T cells have enhanced specific cytotoxicity toward target tumor cells compared to high affinity Ha-G3HER2-CAR-T cells, decreasing affinity of CAR-T cell is a promising strategy to increase the therapeutic outcome of CAR-T cell based immunotherapies.
2016, 34(3): 267-270.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.019
Abstract:
Objective To study the efficacies and adverse reactions of urapidil and nicardipine in the treatment of the chronic renal failure patients with hypertensive emergencies. Methods 59 chronic renal failure patients with hypertensive emergencies were randomly divided into nicardipine treatment group and urapidil treatment group. The patients in the nicardipine group were given a 1 mg nicardipine intravenous injection, and 30-100 μg/min intravenous transfusion was given continuously. The patients in the urapidil group were given a 12.5 mg urapidil intravenous injection, and 150-500 μg/min intravenous transfusion was given continuously. The dosage were changed according to the patients' blood pressure in both of the groups. The patients' blood pressure, heart rate and adverse reactions were recorded. Results The patients' blood pressure in both of the groups were significantly lower after treatment (P<0.05). The SBP in nicardipine treatment group was significant lower than SBP in urapidil treatment group in the first hour after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SBP between the two groups 2 hours after treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in DBP between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). In the nicardipine group, the heart rate rose after the treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).While in the urapidil group, the heart rate went down after the treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both of nicardipine and urapidil were effective in the treatment of chronic renal failure patients with emergency hypertensive. Nicardipine was more effective in reducing the SBP in the first stage of treatment.
Objective To study the efficacies and adverse reactions of urapidil and nicardipine in the treatment of the chronic renal failure patients with hypertensive emergencies. Methods 59 chronic renal failure patients with hypertensive emergencies were randomly divided into nicardipine treatment group and urapidil treatment group. The patients in the nicardipine group were given a 1 mg nicardipine intravenous injection, and 30-100 μg/min intravenous transfusion was given continuously. The patients in the urapidil group were given a 12.5 mg urapidil intravenous injection, and 150-500 μg/min intravenous transfusion was given continuously. The dosage were changed according to the patients' blood pressure in both of the groups. The patients' blood pressure, heart rate and adverse reactions were recorded. Results The patients' blood pressure in both of the groups were significantly lower after treatment (P<0.05). The SBP in nicardipine treatment group was significant lower than SBP in urapidil treatment group in the first hour after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SBP between the two groups 2 hours after treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in DBP between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). In the nicardipine group, the heart rate rose after the treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).While in the urapidil group, the heart rate went down after the treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both of nicardipine and urapidil were effective in the treatment of chronic renal failure patients with emergency hypertensive. Nicardipine was more effective in reducing the SBP in the first stage of treatment.
2016, 34(3): 271-274.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.020
Abstract:
Objective To investigate anti-ulcerative drug (AUD) utility in patients undergoing thyroid operation against stress ulcer (SU) during perioperative period. Methods A total of 393 patients undergoing arthroscopic operation during Jan. to Dec. 2013 in our hospital were recruited and retrospectively analyzed with Excel spreadsheet. Results Among 393 patients in the study, eighty-five patients (21.6%) used AUD (92.9%)after operation, most (94.9%) were administered by intravenous, and drug utilization index(DUI) was 1.48. Eighty-seven point one patients used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in which lansoprazole was prescribed most. Conclusion PPIs were overused in patients undergoing thyroid operation.
Objective To investigate anti-ulcerative drug (AUD) utility in patients undergoing thyroid operation against stress ulcer (SU) during perioperative period. Methods A total of 393 patients undergoing arthroscopic operation during Jan. to Dec. 2013 in our hospital were recruited and retrospectively analyzed with Excel spreadsheet. Results Among 393 patients in the study, eighty-five patients (21.6%) used AUD (92.9%)after operation, most (94.9%) were administered by intravenous, and drug utilization index(DUI) was 1.48. Eighty-seven point one patients used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in which lansoprazole was prescribed most. Conclusion PPIs were overused in patients undergoing thyroid operation.
2016, 34(3): 275-277.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.021
Abstract:
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuanfeizhisou mixture in the treatment of infantile bronchitis. Methods 120 cases of children with infantile bronchitis were randomly divided into observation group of 58 cases and control group of 62 cases, two groups of children were all given cooling, anti-infection, atomization inhalation phlegm and other conventional treatment. Observation group on the basis of routine therapy for releasing lungs stop mixture of oral, did not offer any cough expectorant medicine oral control group, two groups of treatment of 7. Two groups of children were observed with total effective rate and body temperature, cough, bronchial murmurs disappeared and the sternum back to normal time. Results Total effective rate of observation group was 90.3%, total effective rate of control group was 79.3%, the difference between two groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). Observation group cough, bronchial murmurs disappeared and the sternum back to normal time was earlier than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The adjuvant treatment of Xuanfeizhisou mixture in infantile bronchitis curative effect, which would shorten the course of the disease, and effectively promot the infantile bronchitis clinical recovery.
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuanfeizhisou mixture in the treatment of infantile bronchitis. Methods 120 cases of children with infantile bronchitis were randomly divided into observation group of 58 cases and control group of 62 cases, two groups of children were all given cooling, anti-infection, atomization inhalation phlegm and other conventional treatment. Observation group on the basis of routine therapy for releasing lungs stop mixture of oral, did not offer any cough expectorant medicine oral control group, two groups of treatment of 7. Two groups of children were observed with total effective rate and body temperature, cough, bronchial murmurs disappeared and the sternum back to normal time. Results Total effective rate of observation group was 90.3%, total effective rate of control group was 79.3%, the difference between two groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). Observation group cough, bronchial murmurs disappeared and the sternum back to normal time was earlier than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The adjuvant treatment of Xuanfeizhisou mixture in infantile bronchitis curative effect, which would shorten the course of the disease, and effectively promot the infantile bronchitis clinical recovery.
2016, 34(3): 278-282.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.022
Abstract:
Objective To provide a reference for optimizing pharmacy human resources allocation in military hospitals in a region. Methods Data of pharmacy human resources of 15 military hospitals in a region were collected from 2 pharmacy resources investigations of military hospitals in 2006 and 2013.For comparison analysis on the changes of pharmacy human resources in regional military hospitals in 8 years during 2001-2005 and 2010-2012, 15 military hospitals were divided into 3 groups according actual beds number, as 399 beds or less, 400-600 beds, 1000 beds above. Results 2010-2012, the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was 7.11% in 1000 beds above group, 5.05% in 400-600 beds group, and 2.28% in 399 beds or less group. It was showed that the changes of pharmacy human resources had grown trend since 2005. But the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was much lower than the average annual growth rate of hospital outpatient. Pharmacy human resources with high educational background or high title were concentrated in 1000 beds above group. Half of the staff had bachelor's degree in all groups. The incoming staffs were basically with junior title or intermediate title since 2005. Conclusion Pharmacy staff accounted for the low proportion of medical technicians, and per capita workload increased every year in pharmacy department. So pharmacy human resources should be increased. Dispensing, preparation, as traditional posts, and pharmacy intravenous admixture, clinical pharmacy, as new posts competed pharmacy human resources. So the human resources needs of the development of clinical pharmacy should be rationally controlled. The distribution of high-level human resources in regional military hospitals shows more concentrated, which should be a holistic approach to optimize the layout of pharmaceutical human resources.
Objective To provide a reference for optimizing pharmacy human resources allocation in military hospitals in a region. Methods Data of pharmacy human resources of 15 military hospitals in a region were collected from 2 pharmacy resources investigations of military hospitals in 2006 and 2013.For comparison analysis on the changes of pharmacy human resources in regional military hospitals in 8 years during 2001-2005 and 2010-2012, 15 military hospitals were divided into 3 groups according actual beds number, as 399 beds or less, 400-600 beds, 1000 beds above. Results 2010-2012, the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was 7.11% in 1000 beds above group, 5.05% in 400-600 beds group, and 2.28% in 399 beds or less group. It was showed that the changes of pharmacy human resources had grown trend since 2005. But the average annual growth rate of pharmacy human resources was much lower than the average annual growth rate of hospital outpatient. Pharmacy human resources with high educational background or high title were concentrated in 1000 beds above group. Half of the staff had bachelor's degree in all groups. The incoming staffs were basically with junior title or intermediate title since 2005. Conclusion Pharmacy staff accounted for the low proportion of medical technicians, and per capita workload increased every year in pharmacy department. So pharmacy human resources should be increased. Dispensing, preparation, as traditional posts, and pharmacy intravenous admixture, clinical pharmacy, as new posts competed pharmacy human resources. So the human resources needs of the development of clinical pharmacy should be rationally controlled. The distribution of high-level human resources in regional military hospitals shows more concentrated, which should be a holistic approach to optimize the layout of pharmaceutical human resources.
2016, 34(3): 283-288.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.03.023
Abstract:
Objective To assess differences between the medicine treatment level of military inpatients in military hospital in 2009 and 2011, provide references for reasonable adjustments of health policy in future. Methods Medicine treatment data from acute simple appendicitis, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes from 16 military hospitals were excavated and analyzed by statistical methods to provide a comparative study of the medicine treatment level in 2009 and 2011. Results 3748 cases from 16 hospitals showed the significant difference in the level of the medicine treatment in 2009 and 2011, such as medicine cost, medicine varieties, primary medicine costs, hospital daily medication cost, and the date in 2011 is higher than 2009. Conclusion It was showed that the medicine treatment level in four common multiple diseases in the military in 2009 and 2011 was changed. A long-term stability mechanism should be established for the evaluation of military medicine support level, which could provide strong evidence for future medicine policy adjustment.
Objective To assess differences between the medicine treatment level of military inpatients in military hospital in 2009 and 2011, provide references for reasonable adjustments of health policy in future. Methods Medicine treatment data from acute simple appendicitis, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis and type 2 diabetes from 16 military hospitals were excavated and analyzed by statistical methods to provide a comparative study of the medicine treatment level in 2009 and 2011. Results 3748 cases from 16 hospitals showed the significant difference in the level of the medicine treatment in 2009 and 2011, such as medicine cost, medicine varieties, primary medicine costs, hospital daily medication cost, and the date in 2011 is higher than 2009. Conclusion It was showed that the medicine treatment level in four common multiple diseases in the military in 2009 and 2011 was changed. A long-term stability mechanism should be established for the evaluation of military medicine support level, which could provide strong evidence for future medicine policy adjustment.
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