2016 Vol. 34, No. 6
Display Method:
2016, 34(6): 481-484,496.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.001
Abstract:
The cystine knot (CK) motif comprises an internal ring formed by two disulfide bonds and their connecting backbone segments which is threaded by a third disulfide bond. It is present in peptides and proteins of a variety of species, including fungi, plants, marine molluscs, insects and spiders. CK polypeptide is one of the ideal model molecules for drug design and molecular engineering research because of its stable structure and variety of bioactivities. Here we summarized the main structural features of both inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptide and cyclic cystine knot (CCK) peptide, including primary sequence, topology, permutation, synthesis and folding characteristics, as well as its applications on drug design and molecular engineering.
The cystine knot (CK) motif comprises an internal ring formed by two disulfide bonds and their connecting backbone segments which is threaded by a third disulfide bond. It is present in peptides and proteins of a variety of species, including fungi, plants, marine molluscs, insects and spiders. CK polypeptide is one of the ideal model molecules for drug design and molecular engineering research because of its stable structure and variety of bioactivities. Here we summarized the main structural features of both inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptide and cyclic cystine knot (CCK) peptide, including primary sequence, topology, permutation, synthesis and folding characteristics, as well as its applications on drug design and molecular engineering.
2016, 34(6): 485-488.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.002
Abstract:
The multidrug resistance (MDR), characterized by the simultaneous acquisition of resistance to chemically and structurally different drugs, has caused antifungal treatment failure. This review focused on recent progresses in understanding of the multidrug resisitance associated drug efflux transporter superfamily in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigates, along with the mechanisms underlying efflux pump and the regulatory networks involved. Investigation of these mechanisms and their impact on drug resistance may lead to strategies to overcome fungal multidrug resistance and improvement of drug efficacy.
The multidrug resistance (MDR), characterized by the simultaneous acquisition of resistance to chemically and structurally different drugs, has caused antifungal treatment failure. This review focused on recent progresses in understanding of the multidrug resisitance associated drug efflux transporter superfamily in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigates, along with the mechanisms underlying efflux pump and the regulatory networks involved. Investigation of these mechanisms and their impact on drug resistance may lead to strategies to overcome fungal multidrug resistance and improvement of drug efficacy.
2016, 34(6): 489-492,515.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.003
Abstract:
Salinomycin, extensively used as an antibiotic in animal husbandry for a long time, has recently been found to possess strong anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell efficacy, as well as activities to overcome multi-drug resistance of tumor based on studies in vivo and in vitro in case reports in pilot clinical trials. Therefore, salinomycin promised to be a novel anti-cancer agent. However, the unfavorable property of poor aqueous solubility and the adverse effects of salinomycin were greatly hinder its clinical use. In order to improve its therapeutic index and alleviate its toxicity, studies on nanotechnology-based delivery systems of salinomycin had been widely conducted. In this article, the latest development and application of salinomycin nanoformulations were reviewed.
Salinomycin, extensively used as an antibiotic in animal husbandry for a long time, has recently been found to possess strong anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell efficacy, as well as activities to overcome multi-drug resistance of tumor based on studies in vivo and in vitro in case reports in pilot clinical trials. Therefore, salinomycin promised to be a novel anti-cancer agent. However, the unfavorable property of poor aqueous solubility and the adverse effects of salinomycin were greatly hinder its clinical use. In order to improve its therapeutic index and alleviate its toxicity, studies on nanotechnology-based delivery systems of salinomycin had been widely conducted. In this article, the latest development and application of salinomycin nanoformulations were reviewed.
2016, 34(6): 493-496.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.004
Abstract:
Tamsulosin hydrochloride is widely used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, requiring long-term medication. It reduces adverse reactions of hypotension and dizziness by rapid absorption from oral intake. The sustained-release (SR) formulation is recommended for clinical application. Currently in domestic and foreign market, SR products mainly include SR capsules and SR tablets, like Flomax® and Harnal®. The domestic market mainly uses the originally developed Harnal® SR capsules. In accordance with the drug's potential market, more and more SR studies have been done. This article reviews the research progress of tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release preparation.
Tamsulosin hydrochloride is widely used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, requiring long-term medication. It reduces adverse reactions of hypotension and dizziness by rapid absorption from oral intake. The sustained-release (SR) formulation is recommended for clinical application. Currently in domestic and foreign market, SR products mainly include SR capsules and SR tablets, like Flomax® and Harnal®. The domestic market mainly uses the originally developed Harnal® SR capsules. In accordance with the drug's potential market, more and more SR studies have been done. This article reviews the research progress of tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release preparation.
2016, 34(6): 497-500.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.005
Abstract:
Pazopanib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and is mainly used to treat renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. The researchers also found that pazopanib may cause diarrhea, hypertension, hair loss, nausea, and anorexia. This paper reviewed pazopanib clinical application and adverse reactions, and provided a basis for this medication.
Pazopanib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and is mainly used to treat renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. The researchers also found that pazopanib may cause diarrhea, hypertension, hair loss, nausea, and anorexia. This paper reviewed pazopanib clinical application and adverse reactions, and provided a basis for this medication.
2016, 34(6): 501-506,521.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.006
Abstract:
The neuronal and hormonal regulations of food intake expand our knowledge about energy balance. The central nervous system integrates endocrine signals to regulate food intake and energy consumption. The nervous system and endocrine system interact with each other to regulate feeding behavior. This paper was a review of the neuronal and endocrine regulation of food intake, and offered a revealing insight for the study and treatment of metabolic disorders.
The neuronal and hormonal regulations of food intake expand our knowledge about energy balance. The central nervous system integrates endocrine signals to regulate food intake and energy consumption. The nervous system and endocrine system interact with each other to regulate feeding behavior. This paper was a review of the neuronal and endocrine regulation of food intake, and offered a revealing insight for the study and treatment of metabolic disorders.
2016, 34(6): 507-510,525.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.007
Abstract:
Objective To study the effects and mechanism of p-hydroxyacetophenone (PHA) on bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism and blood lipids. Methods Cystic duct cannula was cannulated and bile were collected in SD rats.PHA was administrated in the high cholesterol rats. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase was determined by spectrophotometry in reaction system. Samples of liver were obtained in experiment hypercholesterolemia rats and Real-time PCR test was conducted for AQP8, CYP7A1, OATP and NTCP. Results Secretion of bile were increased, cholesterol in bile were reduced and secretion of total bile acid were increased in rats by PHA. The level of serum cholesterol in hyperglycemia rat model was reduced significantly and inhibitory ability had been limited in the activity of HMG-CoA reeducates by PHA, but the gene transcription including AQP8, CYP7A1, OATP, and NTCP were promoted, which are related to function of excretion of biliary acid and transformation of cholesterol. Conclusion These results suggest that PHA, as a lead compound, might be of significance for further development for a bile secretory and lipid lowering agent.
Objective To study the effects and mechanism of p-hydroxyacetophenone (PHA) on bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism and blood lipids. Methods Cystic duct cannula was cannulated and bile were collected in SD rats.PHA was administrated in the high cholesterol rats. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase was determined by spectrophotometry in reaction system. Samples of liver were obtained in experiment hypercholesterolemia rats and Real-time PCR test was conducted for AQP8, CYP7A1, OATP and NTCP. Results Secretion of bile were increased, cholesterol in bile were reduced and secretion of total bile acid were increased in rats by PHA. The level of serum cholesterol in hyperglycemia rat model was reduced significantly and inhibitory ability had been limited in the activity of HMG-CoA reeducates by PHA, but the gene transcription including AQP8, CYP7A1, OATP, and NTCP were promoted, which are related to function of excretion of biliary acid and transformation of cholesterol. Conclusion These results suggest that PHA, as a lead compound, might be of significance for further development for a bile secretory and lipid lowering agent.
2016, 34(6): 511-515.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.008
Abstract:
Objective Study configuration inversion of C-2-hydroxy in lycorine to provide a foundation for semi-synthesis of asiaticumine B. Methods Use instrumental analyses to explore the C-2-hydroxy configuration through oxidation and reduction reactions. Results Accomplished configuration inversion of C-2-hydroxy in lycorine with 49% yield. Conclusion We identified a convenient and efficient method for the configuration inversion of C 2-hydroxy in lycorine.
Objective Study configuration inversion of C-2-hydroxy in lycorine to provide a foundation for semi-synthesis of asiaticumine B. Methods Use instrumental analyses to explore the C-2-hydroxy configuration through oxidation and reduction reactions. Results Accomplished configuration inversion of C-2-hydroxy in lycorine with 49% yield. Conclusion We identified a convenient and efficient method for the configuration inversion of C 2-hydroxy in lycorine.
2016, 34(6): 516-521.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.009
Abstract:
Objective To study and establish the extraction technology of hypoglycemic components of total flavonoids and polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.. Methods Based on the singer factor test, the influences of extracting times, diameter of drug powder, soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and extracting time on extraction ratio of total flavonoids were studied. The best extraction technology of total flavonoids from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. was established through L9(3)4 orthogonal tests. On the base of previous studies combine with L9(3)4 orthogonal tests, the best extraction technology of total polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. was established. Results The optimized extraction technology of total flavonoids was confirmed as follows:drug powder of less than 10 mesh diameter were soaking 0.5 hour with 80% ethanol, and solid-liquid ratio 1:20, and extracting twice, each time one hour. The optimized extraction technology of total polysaccharides was confirmed as follows:add 20 times water to the residue of ethanol, extraction temperature 90℃, and extracting twice, each time one hour. The extraction rate of both total flavonoids and polysaccharides were more than 80%. Conclusion The extraction technology of hypoglycemic components of total flavonoids and polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. established in this study is stable, reproducible, and lays a foundation for the further studies on hypoglycemic components in Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.
Objective To study and establish the extraction technology of hypoglycemic components of total flavonoids and polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.. Methods Based on the singer factor test, the influences of extracting times, diameter of drug powder, soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and extracting time on extraction ratio of total flavonoids were studied. The best extraction technology of total flavonoids from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. was established through L9(3)4 orthogonal tests. On the base of previous studies combine with L9(3)4 orthogonal tests, the best extraction technology of total polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. was established. Results The optimized extraction technology of total flavonoids was confirmed as follows:drug powder of less than 10 mesh diameter were soaking 0.5 hour with 80% ethanol, and solid-liquid ratio 1:20, and extracting twice, each time one hour. The optimized extraction technology of total polysaccharides was confirmed as follows:add 20 times water to the residue of ethanol, extraction temperature 90℃, and extracting twice, each time one hour. The extraction rate of both total flavonoids and polysaccharides were more than 80%. Conclusion The extraction technology of hypoglycemic components of total flavonoids and polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. established in this study is stable, reproducible, and lays a foundation for the further studies on hypoglycemic components in Gynura divaricata (L.) DC.
2016, 34(6): 522-525.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.010
Abstract:
Objective To provide supporting data for the quality control and evaluation of Nitraria Spp. from Xinjiang region by analyzing the content of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside in its leaves. Methods HPLC method was used for the determination of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside in leaves of Nitraria Spp. Results There is a good linear relationship in the range of 0.007813~1 mg/ml. The average recovery rate is 100.13% (RSD=3.02%). Conclusion There were large interspecific and intraspecific differences of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside content in leaves of Nitraria Spp from Xinjiang region. A simple method was identified to give accurate and reproducible results. This method can be used for quantitative analysis of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside content in leaves of Nitraria Spp.
Objective To provide supporting data for the quality control and evaluation of Nitraria Spp. from Xinjiang region by analyzing the content of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside in its leaves. Methods HPLC method was used for the determination of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside in leaves of Nitraria Spp. Results There is a good linear relationship in the range of 0.007813~1 mg/ml. The average recovery rate is 100.13% (RSD=3.02%). Conclusion There were large interspecific and intraspecific differences of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside content in leaves of Nitraria Spp from Xinjiang region. A simple method was identified to give accurate and reproducible results. This method can be used for quantitative analysis of isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside content in leaves of Nitraria Spp.
2016, 34(6): 526-529.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.011
Abstract:
Objective To identify the chemical structures for the components in the liposoluble portion of Achillea alpina L. by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods Achillea alpina L. was extracted with 95% alcohol and petroleum ether. The chemical compositions in the extract were analyzed with GC-MS. The structures were identified by comparing to the authentic samples and searching NIST 10 database. The relative content of each compound in the extract was calculated by area normalization method. Results Twenty-nine compounds were separated and identified, which accounted for 82.74% of petroleum ether extract. The major constituents were octamethylpicen-3-ol (33.16%), Lup20(29)-en-3-ol,acetate(3b)(10.99%), n-Hexadecanoic acid(7.98%), Stigmasterol(3.68%), Octadecanoic acid(3.55%), Friedelan-3-one (3.51%). Conclusion This simple and accurate method can be used for the assay of liposoluble chemicals from Achillea alpina L. The results provide a foundation for pharmacological research and better use the resource of Achillea alpina L.
Objective To identify the chemical structures for the components in the liposoluble portion of Achillea alpina L. by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods Achillea alpina L. was extracted with 95% alcohol and petroleum ether. The chemical compositions in the extract were analyzed with GC-MS. The structures were identified by comparing to the authentic samples and searching NIST 10 database. The relative content of each compound in the extract was calculated by area normalization method. Results Twenty-nine compounds were separated and identified, which accounted for 82.74% of petroleum ether extract. The major constituents were octamethylpicen-3-ol (33.16%), Lup20(29)-en-3-ol,acetate(3b)(10.99%), n-Hexadecanoic acid(7.98%), Stigmasterol(3.68%), Octadecanoic acid(3.55%), Friedelan-3-one (3.51%). Conclusion This simple and accurate method can be used for the assay of liposoluble chemicals from Achillea alpina L. The results provide a foundation for pharmacological research and better use the resource of Achillea alpina L.
2016, 34(6): 530-533.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.012
Abstract:
Objective To establish a quality standard for Jianpibushen granules. Methods The five main ingredients of the formulation:Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Codonopsis pilosula, Citrus reticulata Blanco and Paeonia lactiflora Pall, were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) respectively. The content of peoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 ml/min, the column temperature was 25℃, the UV detection was performed at 230 nm. Results The spots in TLC were clear without interference in negative control. A good linear relationship was shown within the range of 8.676-277.632 μg/ml for peoniflorin (r=0.999 9). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used as an effective quality control of Jianpibushen granules.
Objective To establish a quality standard for Jianpibushen granules. Methods The five main ingredients of the formulation:Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Codonopsis pilosula, Citrus reticulata Blanco and Paeonia lactiflora Pall, were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) respectively. The content of peoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The separation was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 ml/min, the column temperature was 25℃, the UV detection was performed at 230 nm. Results The spots in TLC were clear without interference in negative control. A good linear relationship was shown within the range of 8.676-277.632 μg/ml for peoniflorin (r=0.999 9). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used as an effective quality control of Jianpibushen granules.
2016, 34(6): 534-536,551.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.013
Abstract:
Objective To establish a quality standard for Ganmao granules of hospital preparations. Methods Radix Scutellariae, cortex phellodendri and radix bupleuri were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) qualitatively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the content of baicalin. The determination was performed on Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) at 30℃ with mobile phase composed of methanol -0.2% phosphoric acid (43:57) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Results In TLC chromatograms, the spectra of different test products had spots of the same color at corresponding sites, with no interference from negative control. A good linearity range of baicalin was 1.81~72.40 μg/ml (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate was 98.55% (RSD=1.91%, n=9). Conclusion The quality standard was established and the method of identification has good reproducibility. The method of determination of baicalin content improved the controllability of formulated quality of Ganmao granules.
Objective To establish a quality standard for Ganmao granules of hospital preparations. Methods Radix Scutellariae, cortex phellodendri and radix bupleuri were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) qualitatively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the content of baicalin. The determination was performed on Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) at 30℃ with mobile phase composed of methanol -0.2% phosphoric acid (43:57) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Results In TLC chromatograms, the spectra of different test products had spots of the same color at corresponding sites, with no interference from negative control. A good linearity range of baicalin was 1.81~72.40 μg/ml (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate was 98.55% (RSD=1.91%, n=9). Conclusion The quality standard was established and the method of identification has good reproducibility. The method of determination of baicalin content improved the controllability of formulated quality of Ganmao granules.
2016, 34(6): 537-539,555.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.014
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid and provide the basis for quality control of Hawthorn extract. Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of methanol (A)-0.06 mol/L ammonium acetate solution (B) (85:15, V/V) under isocratic elution for 30 min. The flow rate was set at 0.8 ml/min and the detection was set at the wavelength of 210 nm. Results Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid showed good linearity (r> 0.999 5) in the ranges of 0.496-2.480 g and 0.498-9.960 g, respectively. Repeatability, precision, recovery and stability were conform to the method validation requirements of China Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion The method could provide the basis for the quality control of Hawthorn extract and its preparation.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid and provide the basis for quality control of Hawthorn extract. Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of methanol (A)-0.06 mol/L ammonium acetate solution (B) (85:15, V/V) under isocratic elution for 30 min. The flow rate was set at 0.8 ml/min and the detection was set at the wavelength of 210 nm. Results Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid showed good linearity (r> 0.999 5) in the ranges of 0.496-2.480 g and 0.498-9.960 g, respectively. Repeatability, precision, recovery and stability were conform to the method validation requirements of China Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion The method could provide the basis for the quality control of Hawthorn extract and its preparation.
2016, 34(6): 540-545.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.015
Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the correlation between selective dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin and risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis. Methods The following databases of PubMed (1978 to February 2016), the Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2015), EMbase (1974 to February 2016), CBM(1978 to February 2016), CNKI(1978 to February 2016), VIP(1989 to February 2016) were searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for vildagliptin related arthralgia/osteoarthritis were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration system. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 software. Results Ten RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that vildagliptin had higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis than other oral hypoglycemic agents or placebo (RR=1.24, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.44, P=0.003). Further analysis indicated that patients received different doses of vildagliptin had higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis than the placebo group (RR=1.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.78, P=0.04). In particular, the group who took vildagliptin 50mg once daily had significantly higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis than the placebo group (RR=3.04, 95%CI 1.44 to 6.44, P=0.004). In comparison of other oral hypoglycemic agents, the vildagliptin group had higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis (RR=1.19, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.41, P=0.04). Conclusion Based on the Meta-analysis results, vildagliptin increases the risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis. Especially vildagliptin 50mg once daily had two times higher risk than the placebo group. However the long-term safety of vidagliptin still needs to be confirmed by RCTs with larger samples and long term follow-up.
Objective To systematically evaluate the correlation between selective dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin and risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis. Methods The following databases of PubMed (1978 to February 2016), the Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2015), EMbase (1974 to February 2016), CBM(1978 to February 2016), CNKI(1978 to February 2016), VIP(1989 to February 2016) were searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for vildagliptin related arthralgia/osteoarthritis were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration system. The meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 software. Results Ten RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that vildagliptin had higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis than other oral hypoglycemic agents or placebo (RR=1.24, 95%CI 1.08 to 1.44, P=0.003). Further analysis indicated that patients received different doses of vildagliptin had higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis than the placebo group (RR=1.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.78, P=0.04). In particular, the group who took vildagliptin 50mg once daily had significantly higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis than the placebo group (RR=3.04, 95%CI 1.44 to 6.44, P=0.004). In comparison of other oral hypoglycemic agents, the vildagliptin group had higher risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis (RR=1.19, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.41, P=0.04). Conclusion Based on the Meta-analysis results, vildagliptin increases the risk of arthralgia/osteoarthritis. Especially vildagliptin 50mg once daily had two times higher risk than the placebo group. However the long-term safety of vidagliptin still needs to be confirmed by RCTs with larger samples and long term follow-up.
2016, 34(6): 546-551.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.016
Abstract:
Objective Assessing the publication and quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses correlated to levofloxacin for MDR-TB in China to promote the rational use of levofloxacin. Methods A literature retrieving was made in CNKI/VIP/WanFang Med-online/CBM and other databases, to collect literatures published in the nearly 10 years correlated to systematic reviews/Meta-analyses of levofloxacin for MDR-TB. Two researchers screened the literatures, extracted data and assessed the quality of literatures independently, and then cross-checked. OQAQ and AMSTAR scale were used to qualify the methodological quality of included studies, PRISMA scale was used to evaluate the report quality. Results Fourteen literatures were included, of which 4 were Meta analysis and 10 were systematic reviews. OQAQ methodological quality rating up to 7 points and the lowest was 3.5 points, the average was 6.21 points. The highest rate of in line with AMSTAR were entry 1 and 9, and the compliance rate of entries 2, 4, 8, 10 were good as well. PRISMA report quality scored up to 21 points and the lowest was 13.5 points, the average was 19.29 points. The main problems were:incomprehensive search strategy and scrope, none specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, unreported selection bias and no evaluation of the quality of part of the included studies. Conclusion The publication and quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses correlated to levofloxacin for MDR-TB in China were good, but still need further improvement.
Objective Assessing the publication and quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses correlated to levofloxacin for MDR-TB in China to promote the rational use of levofloxacin. Methods A literature retrieving was made in CNKI/VIP/WanFang Med-online/CBM and other databases, to collect literatures published in the nearly 10 years correlated to systematic reviews/Meta-analyses of levofloxacin for MDR-TB. Two researchers screened the literatures, extracted data and assessed the quality of literatures independently, and then cross-checked. OQAQ and AMSTAR scale were used to qualify the methodological quality of included studies, PRISMA scale was used to evaluate the report quality. Results Fourteen literatures were included, of which 4 were Meta analysis and 10 were systematic reviews. OQAQ methodological quality rating up to 7 points and the lowest was 3.5 points, the average was 6.21 points. The highest rate of in line with AMSTAR were entry 1 and 9, and the compliance rate of entries 2, 4, 8, 10 were good as well. PRISMA report quality scored up to 21 points and the lowest was 13.5 points, the average was 19.29 points. The main problems were:incomprehensive search strategy and scrope, none specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, unreported selection bias and no evaluation of the quality of part of the included studies. Conclusion The publication and quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analyses correlated to levofloxacin for MDR-TB in China were good, but still need further improvement.
2016, 34(6): 552-555.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.017
Abstract:
Objective To study the conservative treatment for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) with proper medications. Methods One case of CSP with uterine apoplexy was reported. Medication regimens were illustrated as the conservative treatments for the patient with β-HCG>20 000 IU/L, in whom surgery was contraindicated. Results After two times of uterine artery embolization and chemotherapy (MTX50 mg), followed by three times of MTX50 mg cervical injection combined with oral mifepristone, serum β-HCG dropped to normal level and no adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could strengthen the safety and effectiveness of rational drug use by participating in the integrated pharmacy care.
Objective To study the conservative treatment for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) with proper medications. Methods One case of CSP with uterine apoplexy was reported. Medication regimens were illustrated as the conservative treatments for the patient with β-HCG>20 000 IU/L, in whom surgery was contraindicated. Results After two times of uterine artery embolization and chemotherapy (MTX50 mg), followed by three times of MTX50 mg cervical injection combined with oral mifepristone, serum β-HCG dropped to normal level and no adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could strengthen the safety and effectiveness of rational drug use by participating in the integrated pharmacy care.
2016, 34(6): 556-559,573.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.018
Abstract:
Objective To find out the main pathogenic bacteria distribution and sensitivity to antibiotics in patients post PTCD for malignant biliary obstruction, to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics and provide evidences for rational use of antibiotics. Methods The clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 423 PTCD cases with malignant biliary obstruction from September 2013 to October 2014. Results Among 423 patients underwent PTCD, 101 patients were confirmed with infections. 67 patients showed positive pathogenic bacteria culture. A total of 94 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected. There were 62 strains of gram negative bacteria (65.96%) and 32 strains of gram positive bacteria (34.04%). The main pathogenic bacteria were klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the two gram negative bacteria most resistant to antibiotics. The three popular gram negative bacilli in this study had the lowest resistance to imipenem/cilastatin, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin. The three main gram positive bacteria were most sensitive to daptomycin, linezolid and vancomycin. The total effective rate of antibiotic treatments for post PTCD infections was 88.1%. Conclusion Our hospital had an appropriate treatment plan with antibiotics to control the infections post percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage for malignant biliary obstruction. According to the results of drug sensitivity test, ceftriaxone had high resistance rate. The outcome with ceftriaxone treatment was unsatisfactory. Clinical pharmacists should advise doctors to reduce the usage of ceftriaxone. Glycopeptide antibiotics can be used to control methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) gram positive bacteria.
Objective To find out the main pathogenic bacteria distribution and sensitivity to antibiotics in patients post PTCD for malignant biliary obstruction, to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics and provide evidences for rational use of antibiotics. Methods The clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 423 PTCD cases with malignant biliary obstruction from September 2013 to October 2014. Results Among 423 patients underwent PTCD, 101 patients were confirmed with infections. 67 patients showed positive pathogenic bacteria culture. A total of 94 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected. There were 62 strains of gram negative bacteria (65.96%) and 32 strains of gram positive bacteria (34.04%). The main pathogenic bacteria were klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the two gram negative bacteria most resistant to antibiotics. The three popular gram negative bacilli in this study had the lowest resistance to imipenem/cilastatin, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin. The three main gram positive bacteria were most sensitive to daptomycin, linezolid and vancomycin. The total effective rate of antibiotic treatments for post PTCD infections was 88.1%. Conclusion Our hospital had an appropriate treatment plan with antibiotics to control the infections post percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage for malignant biliary obstruction. According to the results of drug sensitivity test, ceftriaxone had high resistance rate. The outcome with ceftriaxone treatment was unsatisfactory. Clinical pharmacists should advise doctors to reduce the usage of ceftriaxone. Glycopeptide antibiotics can be used to control methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) gram positive bacteria.
2016, 34(6): 560-562.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.019
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of continuous sequential hormone replacement therapy of femoston for menopausal syndrome. Methods 121 cases of menopausal syndrome at expert outpatient service in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2015 received hormone replacement therapy of femoston for 24 weeks. Before and after treatment, Kupperman score, blood follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and endometrial thickness were determined. Results With the prolonging of treatment time, patient's menopausal symptoms gradually relieved. Kupperman scores were declining. After 6 courses of treatment, patient's menopausal symptoms completely eased. Kupperman scores decreased by 95.0% (P<0.01), serum FSH and LH decreased significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and serum E2 increased notably (P<0.01) without endometrial thickness changes (P>0.05). Conclusion Continuous sequential therapy of femoston can effectively relieve menopausal syndrome and control the menstrual cycle and the endocrine level without stimulating the endometrium excessively.
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of continuous sequential hormone replacement therapy of femoston for menopausal syndrome. Methods 121 cases of menopausal syndrome at expert outpatient service in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2015 received hormone replacement therapy of femoston for 24 weeks. Before and after treatment, Kupperman score, blood follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and endometrial thickness were determined. Results With the prolonging of treatment time, patient's menopausal symptoms gradually relieved. Kupperman scores were declining. After 6 courses of treatment, patient's menopausal symptoms completely eased. Kupperman scores decreased by 95.0% (P<0.01), serum FSH and LH decreased significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and serum E2 increased notably (P<0.01) without endometrial thickness changes (P>0.05). Conclusion Continuous sequential therapy of femoston can effectively relieve menopausal syndrome and control the menstrual cycle and the endocrine level without stimulating the endometrium excessively.
2016, 34(6): 563-566.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.020
Abstract:
Objective To analyse the distribution of main pathogens and drug resistance in a tertiary hospital during 2014, and to provide the reference for the clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods Conventional methods were used for bacterial culture, VITEK-2 automatic detection system of French BioMerieux company was used for bacteria identification, and bacterial resistance analysis, and WHO NET 5.5 software was used for data analysis. Results Gram negative bacteria accounted for 78.09%; Gram positive bacteria accounted for 21.91%. Klebsiella pneumoniae detection rate was the highest, that is 16.07%, followed by Escherichia Coli (12.75%), Bauman Acinetobacter (12.69%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.91%). The resistant rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was 42.8% (101), and the resistant rate of methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) was 75.62% (152). Resistant rates of Staphylococcus aureus, both coagulase negative staphylococcus and enterococcus faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were zero. Resistant rates of enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 5.5% and zero respectively. Pathogens were detected mainly in emergency department, and the main pathogens were widely distributed. Conclusion Conducting monitoring of bacterial drug resistance and grasping the change trend of drug resistance have important significance to guide clinical rational drug use.
Objective To analyse the distribution of main pathogens and drug resistance in a tertiary hospital during 2014, and to provide the reference for the clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods Conventional methods were used for bacterial culture, VITEK-2 automatic detection system of French BioMerieux company was used for bacteria identification, and bacterial resistance analysis, and WHO NET 5.5 software was used for data analysis. Results Gram negative bacteria accounted for 78.09%; Gram positive bacteria accounted for 21.91%. Klebsiella pneumoniae detection rate was the highest, that is 16.07%, followed by Escherichia Coli (12.75%), Bauman Acinetobacter (12.69%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.91%). The resistant rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was 42.8% (101), and the resistant rate of methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS) was 75.62% (152). Resistant rates of Staphylococcus aureus, both coagulase negative staphylococcus and enterococcus faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were zero. Resistant rates of enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 5.5% and zero respectively. Pathogens were detected mainly in emergency department, and the main pathogens were widely distributed. Conclusion Conducting monitoring of bacterial drug resistance and grasping the change trend of drug resistance have important significance to guide clinical rational drug use.
2016, 34(6): 567-569.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.021
Abstract:
Objective To review the usage of narcotic drugs at outpatient and emergency pharmacy in order to promote rational narcotic drug use. Methods A total of 2 940 narcotic prescriptions from outpatient and emergency pharmacy in our hospital during January to June, 2014 and 2015 were collected. Three parameters (the prescription department, DDDs and DUI) were analyzed statistically. Results Six narcotic drugs were involved, including three injections, two tablets and one external patch. Emergency Department, Radiotherapy Department and Analgesia Department are the top three high usage departments. Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet had the highest DDDs. DDDs of pethidine hydrochloride injection during January to June, 2015 was significantly reduced compared to the same period in 2014. DUI of morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet and bucinnazine hydrochloride tablets increased to some extent. Conclusion The usage of narcotic drugs at outpatient and emergency pharmacy in our hospital was basically reasonable. A few physicians still had problems in proper indication and dosage with narcotic drug use. The specific training programs need to be in place for those physicians.
Objective To review the usage of narcotic drugs at outpatient and emergency pharmacy in order to promote rational narcotic drug use. Methods A total of 2 940 narcotic prescriptions from outpatient and emergency pharmacy in our hospital during January to June, 2014 and 2015 were collected. Three parameters (the prescription department, DDDs and DUI) were analyzed statistically. Results Six narcotic drugs were involved, including three injections, two tablets and one external patch. Emergency Department, Radiotherapy Department and Analgesia Department are the top three high usage departments. Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet had the highest DDDs. DDDs of pethidine hydrochloride injection during January to June, 2015 was significantly reduced compared to the same period in 2014. DUI of morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet and bucinnazine hydrochloride tablets increased to some extent. Conclusion The usage of narcotic drugs at outpatient and emergency pharmacy in our hospital was basically reasonable. A few physicians still had problems in proper indication and dosage with narcotic drug use. The specific training programs need to be in place for those physicians.
2016, 34(6): 570-573.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.022
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the drug use in the pediatric outpatient department of Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, summarize the existing problems and analyze the causes in order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the drug use. Methods A total of 9 000 prescriptions were randomly sampled from January to December 2015 for the statistical analysis of the drug use, the amount of money spent on the drugs and the number of irrational prescriptions at the pediatric outpatient department in our hospital. Results Based on the amount of money spent, the four most commonly used drugs were Chinese traditional drugs, anti-infective, respiratory and digestive system drugs. A total of 122 electronic prescriptions were considered as irrational drug use (1.34%) which include improper administration method, wrong dosage or indications, computer input errors,etc. Conclusion Overall, the drug use is appropriate at the pediatric outpatient department in our hospital. The Chinese traditional drugs are the most commonly used medications. However, clinical doctors and pharmacists still need the comprehensive trainings to promote the rational drug use, which could reduce unnecessary disputes between patients and doctors.
Objective To investigate the drug use in the pediatric outpatient department of Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital, summarize the existing problems and analyze the causes in order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the drug use. Methods A total of 9 000 prescriptions were randomly sampled from January to December 2015 for the statistical analysis of the drug use, the amount of money spent on the drugs and the number of irrational prescriptions at the pediatric outpatient department in our hospital. Results Based on the amount of money spent, the four most commonly used drugs were Chinese traditional drugs, anti-infective, respiratory and digestive system drugs. A total of 122 electronic prescriptions were considered as irrational drug use (1.34%) which include improper administration method, wrong dosage or indications, computer input errors,etc. Conclusion Overall, the drug use is appropriate at the pediatric outpatient department in our hospital. The Chinese traditional drugs are the most commonly used medications. However, clinical doctors and pharmacists still need the comprehensive trainings to promote the rational drug use, which could reduce unnecessary disputes between patients and doctors.
2016, 34(6): 574-576.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2016.06.023
Abstract:
Objective To explore the development of hospital preparation under the domestic health care reform. Methods Research the ideas to further develop hospital preparation by analyzing the opportunities and challenges. Results The development of hospital preparation can be achieved through new technologies, new dosage forms, improved preparation of traditional Chinese medicines, expanded contract manufacturing, and broader application of pharmacy compounding. Conclusion In the new health care environment, the sustainable development of hospital preparation can be realized. Hospital preparation will continue to grow if strategies are in place to recognize and grasp new opportunities.
Objective To explore the development of hospital preparation under the domestic health care reform. Methods Research the ideas to further develop hospital preparation by analyzing the opportunities and challenges. Results The development of hospital preparation can be achieved through new technologies, new dosage forms, improved preparation of traditional Chinese medicines, expanded contract manufacturing, and broader application of pharmacy compounding. Conclusion In the new health care environment, the sustainable development of hospital preparation can be realized. Hospital preparation will continue to grow if strategies are in place to recognize and grasp new opportunities.
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