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根据WHO的数据,每年约有399 000人死于与丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus, HCV)感染有关的肝病。目前,尚没有疫苗可用于预防HCV感染。HCV是黄病毒科中一种有包膜的正链单链RNA病毒。HCV基因组RNA编码为一种多聚蛋白,这种多聚蛋白可以被宿主和病毒的蛋白酶切割转化为成熟蛋白,其中包括:核心蛋白、糖蛋白E1和E2(组成结构蛋白)、离子通道p7和非结构蛋白,包括NS2、NS3、NS4A、NS4B、NS5A和NS5B等。非结构病毒蛋白NS3/4A、NS4B、NS5A和NS5B组装并与宿主蛋白相互作用,形成病毒复制复合物。非结构蛋白之一的NS5B是一种HCV复制酶,它也是一种RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶(RdRp),可以复制病毒RNA的基因组[1]。因此,NS已经成为药物开发的主要目标[2]。这类以NS蛋白为靶点的抗丙肝药物,可以直接杀死HCV,也称为直接抗病毒药,例如,蛋白酶抑制剂特拉匹韦(telaprevir)或西咪匹韦(simeprevir)和RNA聚合酶抑制剂索磷布韦(sofosbuvir)对大多数常见HCV基因型的有效率高达90%,从而提高了持续的病毒学应答率。但是,这些直接抗病毒药治疗可能会导致高昂的治疗费用以及一些其他问题:如耐药性、药物相互作用,以及疲劳、头痛、恶心、失眠、甚至贫血等不良反应。因此,针对HCV生命周期不同阶段的新型药物可能为抗HCV耐药性发展和感染复发等提供有前途的方法。
从天然产物中寻找和发现新的活性化合物一直是新药研究的主要方向之一。近些年来,具有抗HCV作用的天然化合物越来越受到重视。本文对近年来报道的具有较好活性的天然抗HCV活性化合物做一综述,为天然产物抗HCV研究提供一些思路。
Research progress of natural products against hepatitis C virus
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摘要: 丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是导致慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌的重要因素。当前,没有疫苗可用于预防HCV感染。该文综述了近年来从植物中发现的具有抗HCV活性的天然产物,并依据其作用机制进行了分类阐述和总结,以期为从天然产物中发现抗HCV药物提供依据。Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important factor leading to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent HCV infection. This article reviews the natural products with anti-HCV activity discovered from plants in recent years, and classifies and summarizes them according to their mechanism of action, in order to provide a basis for discovering anti-HCV drugs from natural products.
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Key words:
- hepatitis C virus /
- natural products /
- virus replication /
- virus entry /
- research progress
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