2009 Vol. 27, No. 6
Display Method:
2009, 27(6): 407-410,429.
Abstract:
Objective :Traumatic shock is a serious disease which endangers human beings′ life.The treatment of shock is the most important measure to save life.It is highly important to apply properly method of treating shock whenever it is for healing battle wound or pre-hospital medical care or post-hospital therapy.Pharmacotherapy is a necessary method of dealing with traumatic shock,especially for the drug selection and the strategy of drug administration.This review examines the progress of traumatic shock drug during these years and the strategy of drug administration.
Objective :Traumatic shock is a serious disease which endangers human beings′ life.The treatment of shock is the most important measure to save life.It is highly important to apply properly method of treating shock whenever it is for healing battle wound or pre-hospital medical care or post-hospital therapy.Pharmacotherapy is a necessary method of dealing with traumatic shock,especially for the drug selection and the strategy of drug administration.This review examines the progress of traumatic shock drug during these years and the strategy of drug administration.
2009, 27(6): 414-416,420.
Abstract:
Objective :To investigate the protective effect of procyanidine on the injury of PC12 cells induced by H2O2. Methods :The PC12 cells were injuried induced by H2O2.The cel1 activity was determined by MTT.The cell apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry.Proteins of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results :Procyanidine increased the survival rate and decreased the apoptotic rate of PC12 induced by H2O2.Procyanidine increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased of Bax expression in PC12 induced by H2O2. Conclusion :Procyanidine can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 induced by H2O2,which might be correlated with increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax expression.
Objective :To investigate the protective effect of procyanidine on the injury of PC12 cells induced by H2O2. Methods :The PC12 cells were injuried induced by H2O2.The cel1 activity was determined by MTT.The cell apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry.Proteins of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results :Procyanidine increased the survival rate and decreased the apoptotic rate of PC12 induced by H2O2.Procyanidine increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased of Bax expression in PC12 induced by H2O2. Conclusion :Procyanidine can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 induced by H2O2,which might be correlated with increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax expression.
2009, 27(6): 417-420.
Abstract:
Objective :To investigate the expression and distribution of secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) in A375 human malignant melanoma cells and melanoma tissues compared with normal human skin cells and tissues. Methods :The expression of sPLA2 in the clear supernatant and intra-cellular of cells was detected by ELISA method and Western Blot method,respectively.Immunohistochemical method was used to investigate the expression and distribution of sPLA2 in the human skin tissues. Results :The levels of sPLA2 in the clear supernatant of A375 malignant melanoma cells was(177.27±13.57) pg/mL,which was significantly higher(P<0.05) than the group of human epidermal HaCaT cells(21.42±5.05) pg/ml and the group of dermal fibroblast cells(2.75±1.23) pg/mL,respectively.The ratio of sPLA2/GAPDH in the A375 cells was(7.03±1.31),which was also significantly higher(P<0.05) than the group of human epidermal HaCaT cells(1.45±0.37) and the group of dermal fibroblast cells(0.31±0.11),respectively.Many sPLA2 positive cells and granules were presented in the tumor tissues.In contrast,positive cells and granules above were unobserved in the normal human epidermal and dermal tissues. Conclusion :sPLA2 is expressed and distributed at higher levels in A375 human malignant melanoma cells and melanoma tissues compared with the normal skin cells and tissues,indicating the sPLA2 maybe a novel trigger for targeted drug delivery to skin melanoma.
Objective :To investigate the expression and distribution of secretory phospholipase A2(sPLA2) in A375 human malignant melanoma cells and melanoma tissues compared with normal human skin cells and tissues. Methods :The expression of sPLA2 in the clear supernatant and intra-cellular of cells was detected by ELISA method and Western Blot method,respectively.Immunohistochemical method was used to investigate the expression and distribution of sPLA2 in the human skin tissues. Results :The levels of sPLA2 in the clear supernatant of A375 malignant melanoma cells was(177.27±13.57) pg/mL,which was significantly higher(P<0.05) than the group of human epidermal HaCaT cells(21.42±5.05) pg/ml and the group of dermal fibroblast cells(2.75±1.23) pg/mL,respectively.The ratio of sPLA2/GAPDH in the A375 cells was(7.03±1.31),which was also significantly higher(P<0.05) than the group of human epidermal HaCaT cells(1.45±0.37) and the group of dermal fibroblast cells(0.31±0.11),respectively.Many sPLA2 positive cells and granules were presented in the tumor tissues.In contrast,positive cells and granules above were unobserved in the normal human epidermal and dermal tissues. Conclusion :sPLA2 is expressed and distributed at higher levels in A375 human malignant melanoma cells and melanoma tissues compared with the normal skin cells and tissues,indicating the sPLA2 maybe a novel trigger for targeted drug delivery to skin melanoma.
2009, 27(6): 421-425.
Abstract:
Objective :To establishing an appropriate combination of restriction endonuclease and silver-staining system for cDNA-AFLP analysis in Carthamus tinctorius L,. Methods :The efficiency of combination of PstI/MseI and MseI/EcoRI is compared.Several key factors in silver-staining including the affiliation and dissection dosage in sequencing plate processing,TEMED dosage in gel,pre-electrophoresis,temperature factor,staining liquid configuration etc are researched and discussed. Results :Enzyme efficiency of PstI/MseI is higher than MseI/EcoRI.Sequencing plate should be cleaned thoroughly.TEMED volume should be moderate.30mins pre-electrophoresis should be carried out.Temperature should be constant through the whole electrophoresis process. Conclusion :This research has found a high effective restriction endonuclease combination can further discover the genetic background of safflower and has established an appropriate silver-staining system which has overcome several problems in staining process.
Objective :To establishing an appropriate combination of restriction endonuclease and silver-staining system for cDNA-AFLP analysis in Carthamus tinctorius L,. Methods :The efficiency of combination of PstI/MseI and MseI/EcoRI is compared.Several key factors in silver-staining including the affiliation and dissection dosage in sequencing plate processing,TEMED dosage in gel,pre-electrophoresis,temperature factor,staining liquid configuration etc are researched and discussed. Results :Enzyme efficiency of PstI/MseI is higher than MseI/EcoRI.Sequencing plate should be cleaned thoroughly.TEMED volume should be moderate.30mins pre-electrophoresis should be carried out.Temperature should be constant through the whole electrophoresis process. Conclusion :This research has found a high effective restriction endonuclease combination can further discover the genetic background of safflower and has established an appropriate silver-staining system which has overcome several problems in staining process.
2009, 27(6): 426-429.
Abstract:
Objective :To study of design and synthesis of the new(ADV) derivatives and study their activities of inhibiting hepatitis B virus HBsAg and HBeAg. Methods :Starting with ADV,we synthesized 8 firstly reported purine compounds 1a-1h,which have been verified by NMR and MS.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to assess HBsAg and HBeAg.The positive control is ADV. Results :The test results show the inhibitory rate of targeted purine compounds on HBsAg nad HBeAg is correspond with ADV. Conclusion :1g introduced long carbon chain at N6 substituted of purine shows the best activity.
Objective :To study of design and synthesis of the new(ADV) derivatives and study their activities of inhibiting hepatitis B virus HBsAg and HBeAg. Methods :Starting with ADV,we synthesized 8 firstly reported purine compounds 1a-1h,which have been verified by NMR and MS.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to assess HBsAg and HBeAg.The positive control is ADV. Results :The test results show the inhibitory rate of targeted purine compounds on HBsAg nad HBeAg is correspond with ADV. Conclusion :1g introduced long carbon chain at N6 substituted of purine shows the best activity.
2009, 27(6): 430-433.
Abstract:
Objective :To establish a RP-HPLC method for separation and determination of active constituents in Fructus Cnidii from 10 different regions,and evaluate the quality of the Fructus Cnidii. Methods :DiamonsilTM C18(150mm×4.6 mm,5μm) was used with a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer(pH 4.0)/acetonitrile(50/50,,v/v) and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,at the detection wavelength of 320 nm. Results :The calibration curves were linear in the range of 4～100μg/mL for bergapten(r=0.9998),4～100 μg/mL for imperatorin(r=0.999 6),10～200 μg/mL for osthole(r=0.999 7),respectively.The average recoveries were 98.1%,92.5%,98.4%,with the RSD of 4.58%,5.73%,4.51%,respectively. Conclusion :The method is rapid,simple and accurate,and it can be suitable for the separation and determination of bergapten,imperatorin and osthole in Fructus Cnidii,quality control and geoherbalism research of Fructus Cnidii.
Objective :To establish a RP-HPLC method for separation and determination of active constituents in Fructus Cnidii from 10 different regions,and evaluate the quality of the Fructus Cnidii. Methods :DiamonsilTM C18(150mm×4.6 mm,5μm) was used with a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer(pH 4.0)/acetonitrile(50/50,,v/v) and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,at the detection wavelength of 320 nm. Results :The calibration curves were linear in the range of 4～100μg/mL for bergapten(r=0.9998),4～100 μg/mL for imperatorin(r=0.999 6),10～200 μg/mL for osthole(r=0.999 7),respectively.The average recoveries were 98.1%,92.5%,98.4%,with the RSD of 4.58%,5.73%,4.51%,respectively. Conclusion :The method is rapid,simple and accurate,and it can be suitable for the separation and determination of bergapten,imperatorin and osthole in Fructus Cnidii,quality control and geoherbalism research of Fructus Cnidii.
2009, 27(6): 434-436.
Abstract:
Objective :To establish a method for determination of sinomenine in Caulis Sinomenii. Methods :Caulis Sinomenii was extracted with 70% alcohol after pulverized to powder.An untreated fused-silica capillary(48.5 cm×50μm,40cm effective length) was used,the running buffer was 30 mmol/L sodium acid phosphate,the solvent was water:methanol=14,the voltage was 25 kV,the temperature was 25 ℃,the internal standard was berberine hydrochloride,the ultraviolet wavelength was set at 210 nm,running time was 20 minute. Results :Sinomenine,internal standard and impurities were separated by baseline in above conditions,sinomenine was liner in the range of 34.66～346.6 μg/mL,linear equation was Y=0.029X-0.03,r=0.9998,the correlation was 0.9998,the limit of determination was 3.466 μg/mL(S/N=3),the limit of quantitation was 17.33 μg/mL(S/N=10),the average recovery was 100.1%(RSD=3.1%,n=6),RSD of intra-day and inter-day were lower than 5%(n=3). Conclusion :The method can be utilized for the determination of sinomenine in Caulis Sinomenii,it was the advantages of convenience,fastness,accuracy,low sample and reagent consumption.
Objective :To establish a method for determination of sinomenine in Caulis Sinomenii. Methods :Caulis Sinomenii was extracted with 70% alcohol after pulverized to powder.An untreated fused-silica capillary(48.5 cm×50μm,40cm effective length) was used,the running buffer was 30 mmol/L sodium acid phosphate,the solvent was water:methanol=14,the voltage was 25 kV,the temperature was 25 ℃,the internal standard was berberine hydrochloride,the ultraviolet wavelength was set at 210 nm,running time was 20 minute. Results :Sinomenine,internal standard and impurities were separated by baseline in above conditions,sinomenine was liner in the range of 34.66～346.6 μg/mL,linear equation was Y=0.029X-0.03,r=0.9998,the correlation was 0.9998,the limit of determination was 3.466 μg/mL(S/N=3),the limit of quantitation was 17.33 μg/mL(S/N=10),the average recovery was 100.1%(RSD=3.1%,n=6),RSD of intra-day and inter-day were lower than 5%(n=3). Conclusion :The method can be utilized for the determination of sinomenine in Caulis Sinomenii,it was the advantages of convenience,fastness,accuracy,low sample and reagent consumption.
2009, 27(6): 437-438,444.
Abstract:
Objective :To study the protective effect of compound Ginkgo biloba(CGB) on hepatic injury. Methods :Animal model of chemical hepatic injury was established by ip CC14 in mice,the content of ALT,AST in rats′ serum,the content of MDA and the activity of SOD in liver homogenate were assayed after intragastric administration 30 days in mices with Ginkgo biloba extracts(GBE)、compound ginkgo biloba(CGB).The model of human normal hepatocyte L-02 induced by H2O2 was prepared,determining the level of total antioxidant capacity in serum(TAOC),and the proliferation of hepatocyte L-02 using MTT. Results :The content of AST,ALT in rats′ serum levels in groups of CGB(2.4、0.8 g/kg) decreased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05),the activity of SOD increased singnificantly and the MDA levels decreased obviously in liver homogenate of mices.The CGB can remarkably increase the level of TAOC and the proliferation of liver cell L-02. Conclusion :CGB are better than GBE in protecting chemical liver injury.
Objective :To study the protective effect of compound Ginkgo biloba(CGB) on hepatic injury. Methods :Animal model of chemical hepatic injury was established by ip CC14 in mice,the content of ALT,AST in rats′ serum,the content of MDA and the activity of SOD in liver homogenate were assayed after intragastric administration 30 days in mices with Ginkgo biloba extracts(GBE)、compound ginkgo biloba(CGB).The model of human normal hepatocyte L-02 induced by H2O2 was prepared,determining the level of total antioxidant capacity in serum(TAOC),and the proliferation of hepatocyte L-02 using MTT. Results :The content of AST,ALT in rats′ serum levels in groups of CGB(2.4、0.8 g/kg) decreased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05),the activity of SOD increased singnificantly and the MDA levels decreased obviously in liver homogenate of mices.The CGB can remarkably increase the level of TAOC and the proliferation of liver cell L-02. Conclusion :CGB are better than GBE in protecting chemical liver injury.
2009, 27(6): 441-444.
Abstract:
Objective :To investigate the situation of clinical antimicrobial usage in our hospital and make objective evaluation,in order to provide references for rational use of antibacterial. Methods :In this retrospective survey,1087 medical charts of inpatients that discharged from our hospital in 2007 were selected and the data of antibacterial usage for all the patients were analyzed. Results :The total rate of use antibacterial was 94.02% and the prevention use rate was 99.8%,the irrational prevention use rate was 86.9%. Conclusion :There were some patterns of irrational prescribing in the prophylactic antibacterial use in the preoperative period;it is necessary to carry out "Guidelines on Clinical Use of antimicrobials" in order to avoid the inappropriate use of antibacterial.
Objective :To investigate the situation of clinical antimicrobial usage in our hospital and make objective evaluation,in order to provide references for rational use of antibacterial. Methods :In this retrospective survey,1087 medical charts of inpatients that discharged from our hospital in 2007 were selected and the data of antibacterial usage for all the patients were analyzed. Results :The total rate of use antibacterial was 94.02% and the prevention use rate was 99.8%,the irrational prevention use rate was 86.9%. Conclusion :There were some patterns of irrational prescribing in the prophylactic antibacterial use in the preoperative period;it is necessary to carry out "Guidelines on Clinical Use of antimicrobials" in order to avoid the inappropriate use of antibacterial.
2009, 27(6): 445-447.
Abstract:
Objective :To improve the synthetic process of L-2-(N-Boc)-3′,4′-dimethoxyphenylalanine ethyl ester. Methods :The target molecular was prepared from L-DOPA by using a "half-purified" method.The disposition technics were optimized. Results :The synthetic process offers a simple,easy disposal procedure which can effectively reduce the oxidation of raw material and intermediate.The overall yield is 45.4%. Conclusion :The optimized synthetic process is easy to operate and suitable for large-scale production.
Objective :To improve the synthetic process of L-2-(N-Boc)-3′,4′-dimethoxyphenylalanine ethyl ester. Methods :The target molecular was prepared from L-DOPA by using a "half-purified" method.The disposition technics were optimized. Results :The synthetic process offers a simple,easy disposal procedure which can effectively reduce the oxidation of raw material and intermediate.The overall yield is 45.4%. Conclusion :The optimized synthetic process is easy to operate and suitable for large-scale production.
2009, 27(6): 448-450.
Abstract:
Objective :To explore an easily-controled,environmentally-benign synthetic method of coumarin derivatives. Methods :Several coumarin derivatives are synthesized from phenols and ethyl acetoacetates by the Pechmann reaction under four different conditions(H2SO4,BiCl3,Microwave/BiCl3,Microwave/ionic liquid). Results :Compared with traditional reaction,present method under microwave and ionic liquid avoids using of organic solvent,shorten the reaction period and obtain a good yield. Conclusion :Microwave accelerated Pechmann reaction using ionic liquid as catalyst is a convenient and green alternative for synthesizing coumarin derivatives.
Objective :To explore an easily-controled,environmentally-benign synthetic method of coumarin derivatives. Methods :Several coumarin derivatives are synthesized from phenols and ethyl acetoacetates by the Pechmann reaction under four different conditions(H2SO4,BiCl3,Microwave/BiCl3,Microwave/ionic liquid). Results :Compared with traditional reaction,present method under microwave and ionic liquid avoids using of organic solvent,shorten the reaction period and obtain a good yield. Conclusion :Microwave accelerated Pechmann reaction using ionic liquid as catalyst is a convenient and green alternative for synthesizing coumarin derivatives.
2009, 27(6): 451-454.
Abstract:
Objective :To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for analysis of sodium ferulate in Beagle dog plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of sodium ferulate tablets. Methods :Sodium ferulate in plasma was extracted with methyl alcohol,separated on a Kromasil C18 column(200mm×4.6mm,5μm) and the peak height ratio of sodium ferulate to the internal standard tinidazole was measured.Plasma concentration of sodium ferulate was determined at 320 nm using 0.1% acetic acid solution:acetonitrile(80:20) as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results :Sodium ferulate was linear in the range of 0.04～25.0 μg/mL(r=0.999 6).The recovery of sodium ferulate was in the range of 94.0%～103.6%.The ABSolute recovery was more than 70%.The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-days were less than 10%.The minimum detectable concentration of sodium ferulate was 4.12 ng/mL.The plasma concentration-time curve of sodium ferulate oral tablet was found to be two-compartment model,and t1/2(α) was(0.208±0.045) h,t1/2(β) was(2.228±0.927) h. Conclusion :The method is sensitive,specific for the quantitative determination of sodium ferulate in the plasma of Beagle dog.It is suitable for pharmacokinetics study of sodium ferulate.
Objective :To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method for analysis of sodium ferulate in Beagle dog plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics of sodium ferulate tablets. Methods :Sodium ferulate in plasma was extracted with methyl alcohol,separated on a Kromasil C18 column(200mm×4.6mm,5μm) and the peak height ratio of sodium ferulate to the internal standard tinidazole was measured.Plasma concentration of sodium ferulate was determined at 320 nm using 0.1% acetic acid solution:acetonitrile(80:20) as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results :Sodium ferulate was linear in the range of 0.04～25.0 μg/mL(r=0.999 6).The recovery of sodium ferulate was in the range of 94.0%～103.6%.The ABSolute recovery was more than 70%.The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-days were less than 10%.The minimum detectable concentration of sodium ferulate was 4.12 ng/mL.The plasma concentration-time curve of sodium ferulate oral tablet was found to be two-compartment model,and t1/2(α) was(0.208±0.045) h,t1/2(β) was(2.228±0.927) h. Conclusion :The method is sensitive,specific for the quantitative determination of sodium ferulate in the plasma of Beagle dog.It is suitable for pharmacokinetics study of sodium ferulate.
2009, 27(6): 455-458,469.
Abstract:
Objective :To optimize the purification process of saponins from Paris polyphylla Smith. Methods :According to the purity and gaining rate of total saponins,the optimum purifying process was obtained by a combination of adjusted the pH in alcohol solution,alcohol extracting-water precipitating and macroporous resin techniques. Results :The optimum purification conditions were obtained as follows:70% alcohol solution,the pH of which was adjusted to 9,was suckingly filtrated.After the pH to 7,the filtrate was concentrated to 0.5 g/mL and then centrifuged(4 000 r/min,30 min).The clear supernatant liquid was purified by D101 macroporous resin(loading sample volume:70% adsorption capacity,column diameter vs height:15,loading flow rate:4.5 BV/h,purification solvent:20% alcohol,volume:6 BV,eluting solvent:70% alcohol,volume:8 BV,eluting flow rate:8 BV/h).The purity and gaining rate of total saponins prepared by the optimum process were 71.6% and 85.71% respectively. Conclusion :The purification process of saponins obtained by this experiment is steady,reasonable and feasible.
Objective :To optimize the purification process of saponins from Paris polyphylla Smith. Methods :According to the purity and gaining rate of total saponins,the optimum purifying process was obtained by a combination of adjusted the pH in alcohol solution,alcohol extracting-water precipitating and macroporous resin techniques. Results :The optimum purification conditions were obtained as follows:70% alcohol solution,the pH of which was adjusted to 9,was suckingly filtrated.After the pH to 7,the filtrate was concentrated to 0.5 g/mL and then centrifuged(4 000 r/min,30 min).The clear supernatant liquid was purified by D101 macroporous resin(loading sample volume:70% adsorption capacity,column diameter vs height:15,loading flow rate:4.5 BV/h,purification solvent:20% alcohol,volume:6 BV,eluting solvent:70% alcohol,volume:8 BV,eluting flow rate:8 BV/h).The purity and gaining rate of total saponins prepared by the optimum process were 71.6% and 85.71% respectively. Conclusion :The purification process of saponins obtained by this experiment is steady,reasonable and feasible.
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