2017 Vol. 35, No. 2
Display Method:
2017, 35(2): 97-101.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.001
Abstract:
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a self-limiting medical condition characterized by headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and insomnia. AMS usually occurs after rapid ascent to high altitudes in non-altitude acclimatized individuals. Extensive studies have been done on AMS, but knowledge on the mechanism, prevention and treatment are still limited. It will help the prevention and treatment of AMS with deep understanding of its risk factors and mechanisms. In this article, we systematically reviewed the diagnosis, risk factors, developing mechanisms, preventions and treatments of AMS.
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a self-limiting medical condition characterized by headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and insomnia. AMS usually occurs after rapid ascent to high altitudes in non-altitude acclimatized individuals. Extensive studies have been done on AMS, but knowledge on the mechanism, prevention and treatment are still limited. It will help the prevention and treatment of AMS with deep understanding of its risk factors and mechanisms. In this article, we systematically reviewed the diagnosis, risk factors, developing mechanisms, preventions and treatments of AMS.
2017, 35(2): 102-107,149.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.002
Abstract:
Nitidine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from Zanthorulum nitidum (Roxb.) DC root. Research shows that nitidine displays rich biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria and etc. This paper reviewed the progress of the total synthesis methods for nitidine and recent research on bioactivities.
Nitidine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from Zanthorulum nitidum (Roxb.) DC root. Research shows that nitidine displays rich biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria and etc. This paper reviewed the progress of the total synthesis methods for nitidine and recent research on bioactivities.
2017, 35(2): 108-111,140.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.003
Abstract:
In recent years, pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine has become essential for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacokinetics is an important means for connecting traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine. Medications exert efficacy only when there is sufficient concentration at the target sites. The drug concentration is not only related to the dosage, but is also closely correlated to the metabolic processes in human body. Most pharmacokinetic studies of traditional Chinese medicine are based on healthy animals, which ignore significant changes of pharmacokinetic parameters in the diseased state. In this paper, the comparative pharmacokinetics of the traditional Chinese medicine based on animal models in their diseased states was reviewed. Developmental trends of pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine with different animal models were also discussed.
In recent years, pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine has become essential for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacokinetics is an important means for connecting traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine. Medications exert efficacy only when there is sufficient concentration at the target sites. The drug concentration is not only related to the dosage, but is also closely correlated to the metabolic processes in human body. Most pharmacokinetic studies of traditional Chinese medicine are based on healthy animals, which ignore significant changes of pharmacokinetic parameters in the diseased state. In this paper, the comparative pharmacokinetics of the traditional Chinese medicine based on animal models in their diseased states was reviewed. Developmental trends of pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine with different animal models were also discussed.
2017, 35(2): 112-115,153.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.004
Abstract:
Rhizoma Corydalis, a herb with analgesic effects and being able to promote blood circulation, has been used for more than hundreds of years in China. Rhizoma Corydalis mainly comes from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei and Hunan province. The major effective components are alkaloids, which have sedative, hypnotic, analgesic pharmacological effects. It has indications for chest, rib and back pain, dysmenorrhea, traumatic injury, etc. The main formulation of Rhizoma Corydalis is vinegar product. The processing technology has significant effect on the content of active components and therapeutic efficacy. It is very important to improve and optimize decoction method. This paper reviewed the processing technology and the pharmacological effects of Rhizoma corydalis.
Rhizoma Corydalis, a herb with analgesic effects and being able to promote blood circulation, has been used for more than hundreds of years in China. Rhizoma Corydalis mainly comes from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei and Hunan province. The major effective components are alkaloids, which have sedative, hypnotic, analgesic pharmacological effects. It has indications for chest, rib and back pain, dysmenorrhea, traumatic injury, etc. The main formulation of Rhizoma Corydalis is vinegar product. The processing technology has significant effect on the content of active components and therapeutic efficacy. It is very important to improve and optimize decoction method. This paper reviewed the processing technology and the pharmacological effects of Rhizoma corydalis.
2017, 35(2): 116-120,125.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.005
Abstract:
Objective To study the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P. tricholobus on high altitude hypoxia. Method Normobaric hypoxia model and acute hypobaric hypoxia model in mice, hypobaric hypoxia model in rats were established for this study. Survival time and survival rate of mice were recorded. The level of blood sugar and glycogen, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid (LD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in different organs of rats. Results The total bakkenolides significantly prolonged the survival time of mice in normobaric hypoxia model and reduced the death rate of mice in acute hypobaric hypoxia model. The total bakkenolides suppressed blood sugar level in rats and increased the glycogen level in rat liver, skeletal muscle and myocardium. It also elevated the ATP content in rat brain, liver, skeletal muscle and myocardium. Meanwhile, the content of LD in plasma, skeletal muscle, myocardium and LDH level in myocardium were reduced. Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P. tricholobus have protective effect on normobaric hypoxia model and acute hypobaric hypoxia model in mice as well as hypobaric hypoxia model in rats. Its anti-hypoxia efficacy at high altitude may relate to the increased blood sugar, glycogen, and ATP level and reduced LD, LDH level in major organs.
Objective To study the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P. tricholobus on high altitude hypoxia. Method Normobaric hypoxia model and acute hypobaric hypoxia model in mice, hypobaric hypoxia model in rats were established for this study. Survival time and survival rate of mice were recorded. The level of blood sugar and glycogen, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid (LD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in different organs of rats. Results The total bakkenolides significantly prolonged the survival time of mice in normobaric hypoxia model and reduced the death rate of mice in acute hypobaric hypoxia model. The total bakkenolides suppressed blood sugar level in rats and increased the glycogen level in rat liver, skeletal muscle and myocardium. It also elevated the ATP content in rat brain, liver, skeletal muscle and myocardium. Meanwhile, the content of LD in plasma, skeletal muscle, myocardium and LDH level in myocardium were reduced. Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P. tricholobus have protective effect on normobaric hypoxia model and acute hypobaric hypoxia model in mice as well as hypobaric hypoxia model in rats. Its anti-hypoxia efficacy at high altitude may relate to the increased blood sugar, glycogen, and ATP level and reduced LD, LDH level in major organs.
2017, 35(2): 121-125.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.006
Abstract:
Objective To study the mechanisms of the drug resistance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT-116 to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Methods MLH1 deficiency HCT-116 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-MLH1 Vector.The expression of MLH1 was detected by Western blot.The change of resistance against 5-Fu was examined by detecting the cell viability with CCK-8 kits.The expression of CD133 (cancer stem cell marker) and CK8 & CK20 (cell differentiation marker) were detected by flow cytometry. Results Comparing to HCT-116 control group, the viability of HCT-116 cells was markedly decreased (P<0.01) after stable expressing MLH1, accompanied by the down-regulated expression of CD133 on the cell surface.Moreover, the up-regulation of cell differentiation marker CK8 and CK20 was observed in HCT-116 cells with stable expressing MLH1. Conclusion Our data indicated that the expression of MLH1 was associated with down-regulated CD133+ stem-like cells in colorectal cancer HCT-116 with MLH1 deficiency.Therefore, CD133+ stem-like cells may related to the drug resistance of MMR deficiency tumor.This study provides a possible theory to explain the 5-FU resistance in the colorectal cancer patients with MMR deficiency.
Objective To study the mechanisms of the drug resistance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT-116 to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Methods MLH1 deficiency HCT-116 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-MLH1 Vector.The expression of MLH1 was detected by Western blot.The change of resistance against 5-Fu was examined by detecting the cell viability with CCK-8 kits.The expression of CD133 (cancer stem cell marker) and CK8 & CK20 (cell differentiation marker) were detected by flow cytometry. Results Comparing to HCT-116 control group, the viability of HCT-116 cells was markedly decreased (P<0.01) after stable expressing MLH1, accompanied by the down-regulated expression of CD133 on the cell surface.Moreover, the up-regulation of cell differentiation marker CK8 and CK20 was observed in HCT-116 cells with stable expressing MLH1. Conclusion Our data indicated that the expression of MLH1 was associated with down-regulated CD133+ stem-like cells in colorectal cancer HCT-116 with MLH1 deficiency.Therefore, CD133+ stem-like cells may related to the drug resistance of MMR deficiency tumor.This study provides a possible theory to explain the 5-FU resistance in the colorectal cancer patients with MMR deficiency.
2017, 35(2): 126-129,192.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.007
Abstract:
Objective To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against mouse Metrnl and identify its specificity. Methods Mouse Metrnl polypeptide fragments and full-length protein were prepared as antigens to immunize mice.Then mice spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells to obtain hybridoma cells which were screened for positive clone in order to subclone for stable cell lines.After ascites were prepared, ELISA method was used to detect the antibodies titer.Western blot method was applied to identify their specificity. Results No effective antibodies were identified from the ascites derived from 14 polypeptide antigens.Among the 25 antibodies derived from the full-length protein, 12 monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify the recombinant Metrnl protein. Conclusion 12 monoclonal antibodies were successfully prepared to identify mouse Metrnl protein.
Objective To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against mouse Metrnl and identify its specificity. Methods Mouse Metrnl polypeptide fragments and full-length protein were prepared as antigens to immunize mice.Then mice spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells to obtain hybridoma cells which were screened for positive clone in order to subclone for stable cell lines.After ascites were prepared, ELISA method was used to detect the antibodies titer.Western blot method was applied to identify their specificity. Results No effective antibodies were identified from the ascites derived from 14 polypeptide antigens.Among the 25 antibodies derived from the full-length protein, 12 monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify the recombinant Metrnl protein. Conclusion 12 monoclonal antibodies were successfully prepared to identify mouse Metrnl protein.
2017, 35(2): 130-133.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.008
Abstract:
Objective To develop a HPLC method for determining 14 hydrolyzed amino acids in Pfaffia. Methods The sample was derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). Amino acids were separated on Waters XBridge Shield RP18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column at the flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, detected at 254 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. Results The response was linear for 14 amino acids with a correlation coefficient r>0.999 0. The average recoveries (n=6) were 90.2%-105.1%. Amino acids derivative solution remained stable in 24 hours. Conclusion This well-established method is very reliable. It can be used as a quantitative determination method for 14 amino acids in Pfaffia.
Objective To develop a HPLC method for determining 14 hydrolyzed amino acids in Pfaffia. Methods The sample was derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). Amino acids were separated on Waters XBridge Shield RP18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column at the flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, detected at 254 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. Results The response was linear for 14 amino acids with a correlation coefficient r>0.999 0. The average recoveries (n=6) were 90.2%-105.1%. Amino acids derivative solution remained stable in 24 hours. Conclusion This well-established method is very reliable. It can be used as a quantitative determination method for 14 amino acids in Pfaffia.
2017, 35(2): 134-137,173.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.009
Abstract:
Objective To establish methods for the determination of spinosin and total saponins in compound Zaoshen tablet. Methods The separation of spinosin was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 30℃ with water and acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 335 nm. Determination of total saponins was fulfilled by column chromatography followed by UV spectrometer with vanillin glacial acetic acid colorimetry. The detection wavelength was 560 nm. Results Linear range of spinosin was 20-100 μg/ml (r=0.999 0) and total saponins was 40-200 μg/ml (r=1.000 0). The average recoveries for accuracy tests were 99.55% and 99.85% respectively. Conclusion Those methods are accurate and reliable. They can be used for the quality control of compound Zaoshen tablet.
Objective To establish methods for the determination of spinosin and total saponins in compound Zaoshen tablet. Methods The separation of spinosin was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 30℃ with water and acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 335 nm. Determination of total saponins was fulfilled by column chromatography followed by UV spectrometer with vanillin glacial acetic acid colorimetry. The detection wavelength was 560 nm. Results Linear range of spinosin was 20-100 μg/ml (r=0.999 0) and total saponins was 40-200 μg/ml (r=1.000 0). The average recoveries for accuracy tests were 99.55% and 99.85% respectively. Conclusion Those methods are accurate and reliable. They can be used for the quality control of compound Zaoshen tablet.
2017, 35(2): 138-140.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.010
Abstract:
Objective Isolation, purification and structure identification of phthalides from Apium graveolens L. Methods Silica gel column and preparative TLC chromatography were used to isolate and purify the phthalide compounds. The structures of those compounds were determined through spectral analysis. Results Three pure compounds were identified as 3-n-butylphthalide, sedanenolide and sedanolide. Conclusion Three pure phthalide compounds can be used as analytical reference standard for quantitative analysis of A. graveolens.
Objective Isolation, purification and structure identification of phthalides from Apium graveolens L. Methods Silica gel column and preparative TLC chromatography were used to isolate and purify the phthalide compounds. The structures of those compounds were determined through spectral analysis. Results Three pure compounds were identified as 3-n-butylphthalide, sedanenolide and sedanolide. Conclusion Three pure phthalide compounds can be used as analytical reference standard for quantitative analysis of A. graveolens.
2017, 35(2): 141-145.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.011
Abstract:
Objective To synthesize a lipophilic prodrug of triptolide (TP) and improve its druggability. Methods Triptolide stearate (TP-SA) was synthesized via the DMAP-catalyzed DCC method and identified by MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The shake-flask method was used to study the oil/water partition coefficient. The preparations of TP and TP-SA liposomes and emulsions were compared. Their encapsulation efficiency and stability were investigated. Results TP-SA was synthesized successfully. Its log P in octanol/water system was 2.33. It was difficult to prepare TP liposome or emulsion. By contrast, TP-SA liposome and emulsion can be prepared successfully with the same formulation process. The particle size of TP-SA liposomes were about 90 nm and TP-SA emulsions were about 110 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was above 95%. Their stability were studied at 4℃ and 25℃. The preparation parameters, such as particle size and encapsulation efficiency, had no significant change in a week. Conclusion Triptolide stearate enhanced drug lipophilicity. Its druggability was improved significantly. These data can be used for the TP related drug design and development.
Objective To synthesize a lipophilic prodrug of triptolide (TP) and improve its druggability. Methods Triptolide stearate (TP-SA) was synthesized via the DMAP-catalyzed DCC method and identified by MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The shake-flask method was used to study the oil/water partition coefficient. The preparations of TP and TP-SA liposomes and emulsions were compared. Their encapsulation efficiency and stability were investigated. Results TP-SA was synthesized successfully. Its log P in octanol/water system was 2.33. It was difficult to prepare TP liposome or emulsion. By contrast, TP-SA liposome and emulsion can be prepared successfully with the same formulation process. The particle size of TP-SA liposomes were about 90 nm and TP-SA emulsions were about 110 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was above 95%. Their stability were studied at 4℃ and 25℃. The preparation parameters, such as particle size and encapsulation efficiency, had no significant change in a week. Conclusion Triptolide stearate enhanced drug lipophilicity. Its druggability was improved significantly. These data can be used for the TP related drug design and development.
2017, 35(2): 146-149.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.012
Abstract:
Objective To study the water extraction process of Zhuyu Zhitong gel paste. Methods With the yields of paeoniflorin and the dry paste as target, the water extraction process of Zhuyu Zhitong gel paste was optimized by an orthogonal experimental design based on the single factor experiment. Results The optimized water extraction process of Zhuyu Zhitong gel paste was soaking the materials for 1 h with 8 times of water, then extracting 1.5 h for three times with the same amount of water. Conclusion The optimized extraction process was consistent, reasonable and feasible for large production.
Objective To study the water extraction process of Zhuyu Zhitong gel paste. Methods With the yields of paeoniflorin and the dry paste as target, the water extraction process of Zhuyu Zhitong gel paste was optimized by an orthogonal experimental design based on the single factor experiment. Results The optimized water extraction process of Zhuyu Zhitong gel paste was soaking the materials for 1 h with 8 times of water, then extracting 1.5 h for three times with the same amount of water. Conclusion The optimized extraction process was consistent, reasonable and feasible for large production.
2017, 35(2): 150-153.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.013
Abstract:
Objective To determine telmisartan and amlodipine assay in the compound tablet. Methods First derivative UV spectrophotometry was used at wavelength 236 nm for telmisartan and 390 nm for amlodipine. Results Telmisartan content has a good linear relationship in the concentration range of (4~20)×10-3 mg/ml. The standard curve equation is Y=0.004 3 X-0.000 5 and correlation coefficient R2=0.999 3. Amlodipine content has a good linear relationship in the concentration range of (10~90)×10-3 mg/ml. The standard curve equation is Y=0.000 3 X+0.000 2 and correlation coefficient R2=0.999 5. Conclusion The assay results from this method are consistent with the results from HPLC. This procedure provides a specific, accurate and precise method to assay the amlodipine and telmisartan in compound tablet.
Objective To determine telmisartan and amlodipine assay in the compound tablet. Methods First derivative UV spectrophotometry was used at wavelength 236 nm for telmisartan and 390 nm for amlodipine. Results Telmisartan content has a good linear relationship in the concentration range of (4~20)×10-3 mg/ml. The standard curve equation is Y=0.004 3 X-0.000 5 and correlation coefficient R2=0.999 3. Amlodipine content has a good linear relationship in the concentration range of (10~90)×10-3 mg/ml. The standard curve equation is Y=0.000 3 X+0.000 2 and correlation coefficient R2=0.999 5. Conclusion The assay results from this method are consistent with the results from HPLC. This procedure provides a specific, accurate and precise method to assay the amlodipine and telmisartan in compound tablet.
2017, 35(2): 154-157,164,181.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.014
Abstract:
Objective To investigate drug brand preference and its effect on medication compliance and efficacy in patients with depression, to guide patient's rational use of limited medical resources and achieve a safe and effective drug use. Methods 459 outpatients were divided into the brand drug group and the generic drug group according to the current drug therapy stage. The patients in both groups were assessed by drug brand preference and medication compliance. In the brand group, the patients with high brand preference were chosen to replace with generic medication intervention for 8 weeks. Drug education and psychological support were provided to those patients. Evaluation of therapeutic effect was conducted before and after generic replacement. Results About 1/3 patients had high response and 2/3 patients had low or no response to the brand preference. Patients on brand drugs had slightly higher brand preference than patients with generic drugs. Overall, the patients' response to brand preference gradually decreased with the duration of treatment. In general, the medication compliance was acceptable. The patients taking brand drugs displayed significantly higher medication compliance than the patients taking generics. Correlation analysis showed that in brand medicine group, medication compliance was closely related to brand response, but negatively correlated with the patient's age and treatment duration. In generics group, patient medication compliance was not related to brand response, but closely related with the degree of education and negatively related with the patient's age and treatment duration. The anti-depression medication maintained same effectiveness in the generic group before and after the replacement, and no severe adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion Medication compliance for patients taking branded drugs was associated with brand response. With medication education and psychological support, alternative generic medicine treatment can give good efficacy with very minor side effects. The medical staff should provide medication education including pharmacoeconomics and the biological equivalence to guide the patients with rational use of the limited medical resources.
Objective To investigate drug brand preference and its effect on medication compliance and efficacy in patients with depression, to guide patient's rational use of limited medical resources and achieve a safe and effective drug use. Methods 459 outpatients were divided into the brand drug group and the generic drug group according to the current drug therapy stage. The patients in both groups were assessed by drug brand preference and medication compliance. In the brand group, the patients with high brand preference were chosen to replace with generic medication intervention for 8 weeks. Drug education and psychological support were provided to those patients. Evaluation of therapeutic effect was conducted before and after generic replacement. Results About 1/3 patients had high response and 2/3 patients had low or no response to the brand preference. Patients on brand drugs had slightly higher brand preference than patients with generic drugs. Overall, the patients' response to brand preference gradually decreased with the duration of treatment. In general, the medication compliance was acceptable. The patients taking brand drugs displayed significantly higher medication compliance than the patients taking generics. Correlation analysis showed that in brand medicine group, medication compliance was closely related to brand response, but negatively correlated with the patient's age and treatment duration. In generics group, patient medication compliance was not related to brand response, but closely related with the degree of education and negatively related with the patient's age and treatment duration. The anti-depression medication maintained same effectiveness in the generic group before and after the replacement, and no severe adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion Medication compliance for patients taking branded drugs was associated with brand response. With medication education and psychological support, alternative generic medicine treatment can give good efficacy with very minor side effects. The medical staff should provide medication education including pharmacoeconomics and the biological equivalence to guide the patients with rational use of the limited medical resources.
2017, 35(2): 158-160,181.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.015
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of combination therapy with aprepitant, tropisetron and dexamethasone in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by AC chemotherapy in patients after breast cancer surgery. Methods 72 breast cancer patients were selected for this study. Those patients were admitted to the Oncology Department in Dezhou Municipal Hospital from January 2015 to May 2016. The patients were randomly divided into observation group (35 cases) and control group (37 cases). All patients underwent breast cancer surgery and followed by AC program for the first time chemotherapy. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) were rated moderate to severe during the course of chemotherapy. The patients in the observation group were treated with aprepitant, tropisetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone to prevent CINV. The control group was treated with tropisetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone. The efficacy and adverse reactions in acute phase (0~24 h) and delay phase (24~120 h) were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the complete control rate (CR) between the two groups during acute phase (P>0.05). The observation group had significantly higher effective control rate (CR+PR) in acute phase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Both CR and CR+PR were statistically higher in observation group during delay phase (P<0.05). The main adverse reactions in two groups were constipation, fatigue, facial flushing, anxiety and dizziness. Those side effects are considered as mild and tolerable. Conclusion Triple antiemetic therapy including aprepitant has good efficacy and reasonable cost to effect ratio for patients received AC chemotherapy after breast cancer surgery with moderate-severe vomiting. This treatment is easy to accept for those patients.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of combination therapy with aprepitant, tropisetron and dexamethasone in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by AC chemotherapy in patients after breast cancer surgery. Methods 72 breast cancer patients were selected for this study. Those patients were admitted to the Oncology Department in Dezhou Municipal Hospital from January 2015 to May 2016. The patients were randomly divided into observation group (35 cases) and control group (37 cases). All patients underwent breast cancer surgery and followed by AC program for the first time chemotherapy. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) were rated moderate to severe during the course of chemotherapy. The patients in the observation group were treated with aprepitant, tropisetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone to prevent CINV. The control group was treated with tropisetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone. The efficacy and adverse reactions in acute phase (0~24 h) and delay phase (24~120 h) were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the complete control rate (CR) between the two groups during acute phase (P>0.05). The observation group had significantly higher effective control rate (CR+PR) in acute phase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Both CR and CR+PR were statistically higher in observation group during delay phase (P<0.05). The main adverse reactions in two groups were constipation, fatigue, facial flushing, anxiety and dizziness. Those side effects are considered as mild and tolerable. Conclusion Triple antiemetic therapy including aprepitant has good efficacy and reasonable cost to effect ratio for patients received AC chemotherapy after breast cancer surgery with moderate-severe vomiting. This treatment is easy to accept for those patients.
2017, 35(2): 161-164.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.016
Abstract:
Objective To discuss antithrombotic drug treatment in subacute myocardial infarction patient with cerebral lacuna infarction and deep vein thrombosis. Methods Clinical pharmacists analyzed the causes of the blood clot formation, assessed ischemia and hemorrhage risk, consulted evidence-based medicine information, put forward reasonable suggestions and monitored the medication efficacy and safety. Results There were a lot of risk factors of thrombosis in this patient who was also at high risk of bleeding. Clinical pharmacists recommended to reduce aspirin dose to 75 mg daily and add proton pump inhibitors. Anticoagulant therapy should also include low molecular heparin. Some suggestions were accepted by doctors. The patient's condition was improved and there was no bleeding during hospitalization. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists assisted doctors in the antithrombotic treatment and maximized medication safety.
Objective To discuss antithrombotic drug treatment in subacute myocardial infarction patient with cerebral lacuna infarction and deep vein thrombosis. Methods Clinical pharmacists analyzed the causes of the blood clot formation, assessed ischemia and hemorrhage risk, consulted evidence-based medicine information, put forward reasonable suggestions and monitored the medication efficacy and safety. Results There were a lot of risk factors of thrombosis in this patient who was also at high risk of bleeding. Clinical pharmacists recommended to reduce aspirin dose to 75 mg daily and add proton pump inhibitors. Anticoagulant therapy should also include low molecular heparin. Some suggestions were accepted by doctors. The patient's condition was improved and there was no bleeding during hospitalization. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists assisted doctors in the antithrombotic treatment and maximized medication safety.
2017, 35(2): 165-166,170.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.017
Abstract:
Objective To study one male patient with cirrhosis for spironolactone induced gynecomastia and promote clinical pharmacists providing better pharmaceutical cares. Methods Based on the patient's diseases and medication history, clinical pharmacists searched related literature and analyzed the cause of gynecomastia for the patient. Results The patient's breast pain was relieved and finally disappeared after termination of spironolactone. Therefore, spironolactone was suspected to be the drug to cause gynecomastia. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists can improve pharmaceutical cares by carefully monitoring the adverse reactions and selecting appropriate medications.
Objective To study one male patient with cirrhosis for spironolactone induced gynecomastia and promote clinical pharmacists providing better pharmaceutical cares. Methods Based on the patient's diseases and medication history, clinical pharmacists searched related literature and analyzed the cause of gynecomastia for the patient. Results The patient's breast pain was relieved and finally disappeared after termination of spironolactone. Therefore, spironolactone was suspected to be the drug to cause gynecomastia. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists can improve pharmaceutical cares by carefully monitoring the adverse reactions and selecting appropriate medications.
2017, 35(2): 167-170.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.018
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the utilization of human serum albumin (HSA) in intensive care unit (ICU) to promote rational use of HSA clinically. Methods Data were collected from the patients received HSA therapy during the period of January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The indications and usage of HSA were analyzed statistically. Results 416 bottles of HSA were administered to 64 patients. The average dose was 62.5g per patient. The most popular indication was for hypoproteinemia (39.1%) followed by encephaledema, craniocerebral trauma, shock and tumors. Before the HSA therapy, 36 patients (56.3%) had albumin level of 15-25 g/L and 23 patients (35.9%) of 25-35 g/L. Conclusion HSA is widely used in ICU for different indications. Some misuses still exist. Guidelines for proper use of HSA are needed to guarantee its rational use. HSA should be used strictly following these guidelines.
Objective To evaluate the utilization of human serum albumin (HSA) in intensive care unit (ICU) to promote rational use of HSA clinically. Methods Data were collected from the patients received HSA therapy during the period of January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The indications and usage of HSA were analyzed statistically. Results 416 bottles of HSA were administered to 64 patients. The average dose was 62.5g per patient. The most popular indication was for hypoproteinemia (39.1%) followed by encephaledema, craniocerebral trauma, shock and tumors. Before the HSA therapy, 36 patients (56.3%) had albumin level of 15-25 g/L and 23 patients (35.9%) of 25-35 g/L. Conclusion HSA is widely used in ICU for different indications. Some misuses still exist. Guidelines for proper use of HSA are needed to guarantee its rational use. HSA should be used strictly following these guidelines.
2017, 35(2): 171-173.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.019
Abstract:
Objective To explore the breakthrough point of pharmaceutical care for a patient with bronchiectasis, diabetes and gout. Methods The clinical pharmacist recommended appropriate antibiotics and gout medications. The dosage and therapy regimen were optimized based on the patient's renal function, allergy and disease history. Results The physician accepted the suggestions from clinical pharmacists. The patient recovered well with no adverse drug reactions. Conclusion With the knowledge of clinical pharmacist, clinical treatment plan was optimized. The patient received better pharmaceutical care.
Objective To explore the breakthrough point of pharmaceutical care for a patient with bronchiectasis, diabetes and gout. Methods The clinical pharmacist recommended appropriate antibiotics and gout medications. The dosage and therapy regimen were optimized based on the patient's renal function, allergy and disease history. Results The physician accepted the suggestions from clinical pharmacists. The patient recovered well with no adverse drug reactions. Conclusion With the knowledge of clinical pharmacist, clinical treatment plan was optimized. The patient received better pharmaceutical care.
2017, 35(2): 174-177.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.020
Abstract:
Objective To observe the immune effect of PD-1 (programmed death-1) antibody in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Methods From October 2015 to March 2016, 18 patients with advanced tumor were selected to receive the PD-1 antibody treatment in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital. Clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and progression free survival time were monitored. The quality of life were compared before and after the treatment. Results Among 18 cases, PR 5 cases, SD 7 cases and PD 6 cases. The KPS scores for quality of life was significantly increased (P<0.05) after treatment. At the end of follow-up, 5 patients died, 2 patients were lost in follow-up, 11 patients survived. The median progression free survival was 2.6 months (95% CI:1.8-3.3 months). No serious adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory results were reported. Conclusion PD-1 antibody is a safe and effective treatment for advanced tumors. It is well tolerated and has less adverse reactions. The randomized control studies with larger samples are needed to further confirm our conclusions.
Objective To observe the immune effect of PD-1 (programmed death-1) antibody in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Methods From October 2015 to March 2016, 18 patients with advanced tumor were selected to receive the PD-1 antibody treatment in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital. Clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and progression free survival time were monitored. The quality of life were compared before and after the treatment. Results Among 18 cases, PR 5 cases, SD 7 cases and PD 6 cases. The KPS scores for quality of life was significantly increased (P<0.05) after treatment. At the end of follow-up, 5 patients died, 2 patients were lost in follow-up, 11 patients survived. The median progression free survival was 2.6 months (95% CI:1.8-3.3 months). No serious adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory results were reported. Conclusion PD-1 antibody is a safe and effective treatment for advanced tumors. It is well tolerated and has less adverse reactions. The randomized control studies with larger samples are needed to further confirm our conclusions.
2017, 35(2): 178-181.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.021
Abstract:
Objective To explore the factors resulting in poor medication compliance in patients with cerebral infarction and study the effect of medication education by pharmacist on the compliance of patients. Methods 128 patients with cerebral infarction recurrence from January to June of 2016 were selected. Patient's medication history and knowledge were evaluated. The compliance was compared before medication education, 3 days and 30 days after medication education. Results Only 36.7% of the patients took drugs every day before hospitalization. The patient's medication knowledge was limited. The poor compliance was related to the absence of medication education. The compliance was improved significantly after medication education. Conclusion Pharmacists play an important role in patient's care. Pharmacists should take responsibility in medication education to improve medication compliance and reduce the recurrence of cerebral infarction.
Objective To explore the factors resulting in poor medication compliance in patients with cerebral infarction and study the effect of medication education by pharmacist on the compliance of patients. Methods 128 patients with cerebral infarction recurrence from January to June of 2016 were selected. Patient's medication history and knowledge were evaluated. The compliance was compared before medication education, 3 days and 30 days after medication education. Results Only 36.7% of the patients took drugs every day before hospitalization. The patient's medication knowledge was limited. The poor compliance was related to the absence of medication education. The compliance was improved significantly after medication education. Conclusion Pharmacists play an important role in patient's care. Pharmacists should take responsibility in medication education to improve medication compliance and reduce the recurrence of cerebral infarction.
2017, 35(2): 182-183,190.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.022
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the pharmaceutical care for the special population with asthma. Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the process of drug treatment for the patient with acute asthma during pregnancy, and put forward appropriate medication recommendations in time. Results The patient with acute episode of asthma was well controlled. The importance of asthma management in patients during gestational period was recognized. Conclusion The clinical pharmacists should actively participate in patient education of asthma management for pregnant patient. It will reduce the acute episode and other adverse consequences caused by the lack of asthma awareness during pregnancy.
Objective To investigate the pharmaceutical care for the special population with asthma. Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the process of drug treatment for the patient with acute asthma during pregnancy, and put forward appropriate medication recommendations in time. Results The patient with acute episode of asthma was well controlled. The importance of asthma management in patients during gestational period was recognized. Conclusion The clinical pharmacists should actively participate in patient education of asthma management for pregnant patient. It will reduce the acute episode and other adverse consequences caused by the lack of asthma awareness during pregnancy.
2017, 35(2): 184-186.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.023
Abstract:
Objective To introduce the teaching practice and experience of Pharmacy Administration in new era using a variety of teaching methods. Methods To review the characteristics and difficulties in teaching Pharmacy Administration, as well as some practices and experiences with multiple teaching methods. Results The multiple teaching methods ignite student's desire for learning and improve the quality of teaching. Conclusion Utilization of multiple teaching methods in Pharmacy Administration has achieved good results. These methods can be used as an effective way to optimize the teaching model.
Objective To introduce the teaching practice and experience of Pharmacy Administration in new era using a variety of teaching methods. Methods To review the characteristics and difficulties in teaching Pharmacy Administration, as well as some practices and experiences with multiple teaching methods. Results The multiple teaching methods ignite student's desire for learning and improve the quality of teaching. Conclusion Utilization of multiple teaching methods in Pharmacy Administration has achieved good results. These methods can be used as an effective way to optimize the teaching model.
2017, 35(2): 187-190.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.024
Abstract:
Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in pharmaceutical care and medication errors prevention in geriatric inpatients. Methods 702 geriatric inpatients hospitalized from May 2015 to April 2016 were enrolled in this study. The patients received medication instruction and monitoring. Medication errors and intervention results were summarized and analyzed. Results Clinical pharmacist successfully made 625 interventions, which represented for 41.32% of all the cases collected. After intervention, the rate of corrections was increased up to 90.63%. The top three medication errors were administration time/occasion errors (36.64%), medication compliance errors (23.68%) and administration techniques errors (14.56%). Conclusion Clinical pharmacists play an important role in medication error prevention through medication interventions. By providing rational drug use suggestions and directions, clinical pharmacists can reduce the medication error rate and improve the drug therapy effectiveness.
Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in pharmaceutical care and medication errors prevention in geriatric inpatients. Methods 702 geriatric inpatients hospitalized from May 2015 to April 2016 were enrolled in this study. The patients received medication instruction and monitoring. Medication errors and intervention results were summarized and analyzed. Results Clinical pharmacist successfully made 625 interventions, which represented for 41.32% of all the cases collected. After intervention, the rate of corrections was increased up to 90.63%. The top three medication errors were administration time/occasion errors (36.64%), medication compliance errors (23.68%) and administration techniques errors (14.56%). Conclusion Clinical pharmacists play an important role in medication error prevention through medication interventions. By providing rational drug use suggestions and directions, clinical pharmacists can reduce the medication error rate and improve the drug therapy effectiveness.
Contribution System
Author Login
Review Login
Editor Login
Reader Login
News