2013 Vol. 31, No. 4
Display Method:
2013, 31(4): 241-245.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.001
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Systems biology focused on constitute dynamic and development of system components, which was consistent with traditional Chinese medicine as a whole and dynamic adjustment to the body. It brought the dawn to reveal the mystery of TCM. As an important part of systems biology, proteomics had been more and more used in Chinese medicine research. The application of proteomics technologies in traditional Chinese medicine and its effective parts and active ingredients in nearly three years were reviewed in this paper.
Systems biology focused on constitute dynamic and development of system components, which was consistent with traditional Chinese medicine as a whole and dynamic adjustment to the body. It brought the dawn to reveal the mystery of TCM. As an important part of systems biology, proteomics had been more and more used in Chinese medicine research. The application of proteomics technologies in traditional Chinese medicine and its effective parts and active ingredients in nearly three years were reviewed in this paper.
2013, 31(4): 246-250.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.002
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The use choice of acetazolamide, dexamethasone, nifedipine, sildenafil, and salmeterol in the management of altitude illness such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and with underlying medical problems were reviewed. The indications and dosing recommendations for individuals without underlying disease were discussed, and drug selection or dosing regimens were considered which would be affected by the presence of renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, other important medical conditions, and the potential for drug interactions. These issues should be taken adequate consideration; so clinicians could increase the chances that properly healed patients with underlying medical conditions who could enjoy a safe trip to high altitude.
The use choice of acetazolamide, dexamethasone, nifedipine, sildenafil, and salmeterol in the management of altitude illness such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and with underlying medical problems were reviewed. The indications and dosing recommendations for individuals without underlying disease were discussed, and drug selection or dosing regimens were considered which would be affected by the presence of renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, other important medical conditions, and the potential for drug interactions. These issues should be taken adequate consideration; so clinicians could increase the chances that properly healed patients with underlying medical conditions who could enjoy a safe trip to high altitude.
2013, 31(4): 251-253,285.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.003
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In situ gel has shown special advantages in cancer therapy due to high local drug concentration and convenient administration, which made it be promising in future clinical application. In this paper, the application of in situ gel in different tumor types of breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer therapy were reviewed for the past 5 years, and the development of in situ gel were prospected.
In situ gel has shown special advantages in cancer therapy due to high local drug concentration and convenient administration, which made it be promising in future clinical application. In this paper, the application of in situ gel in different tumor types of breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer therapy were reviewed for the past 5 years, and the development of in situ gel were prospected.
2013, 31(4): 254-257,282.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.004
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Objective Cremanthodium genus had been proved to have good biological activity and attracted more and more scholars attention.Several plants of Cremanthodium genus had been used as Tibetan traditional herbal medicine to treat fever, inflammation, pain, and apoplexy. The chemical constituents of this genus were mainly sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, volatile oil. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cremanthodium in recent years were summarized, which could provide the scientific basis for the research and development of Cremanthodium in future.
Objective Cremanthodium genus had been proved to have good biological activity and attracted more and more scholars attention.Several plants of Cremanthodium genus had been used as Tibetan traditional herbal medicine to treat fever, inflammation, pain, and apoplexy. The chemical constituents of this genus were mainly sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, volatile oil. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cremanthodium in recent years were summarized, which could provide the scientific basis for the research and development of Cremanthodium in future.
2013, 31(4): 258-261.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.005
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Objective To prepare nicardipine hydrochloride sustained-release pellets and investigate the influencing factors of the drug release in vitro. Methods The rapid-release pellets were prepared by fluidized bed coating method based on blank pill core and then nicardipine hydrochloride sustained-release pellets were prepared with surelease. The factors to influence the drug release behaviors and their properties were evaluated. Results The release percentage of the sustained-release pellets could be controlled by 24%, 69%, 87% at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h respectively, the drug release mechanism in vitro followed first-order equations. Conclusion The pellets showed an obviously sustained-release effect.The preparation process was simple and convenient.
Objective To prepare nicardipine hydrochloride sustained-release pellets and investigate the influencing factors of the drug release in vitro. Methods The rapid-release pellets were prepared by fluidized bed coating method based on blank pill core and then nicardipine hydrochloride sustained-release pellets were prepared with surelease. The factors to influence the drug release behaviors and their properties were evaluated. Results The release percentage of the sustained-release pellets could be controlled by 24%, 69%, 87% at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h respectively, the drug release mechanism in vitro followed first-order equations. Conclusion The pellets showed an obviously sustained-release effect.The preparation process was simple and convenient.
2013, 31(4): 262-266.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.006
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Objective To investigate the interaction relationship of icariin and curculigoside on the osteoclastic formation, differentiation and bone resorbing. Methods Multinucleated osteoclasts were induced by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 and dexamethasone from bone marrow cells with the presence of primary osteoblastic cells, or induced with RANKL and MCSF.The activity of TRAP was measured by p-nitrophenyl sodium phosphate assay.The bone absorption pit area on the bone slices formed by osteoclast was measured by computer image processing.The F-actin ring were stained with Hoechst 33 258 and rhodamine-phalloidin, and then observed under the confocal scanning laser microscopy. The Western-blot was used to analysis the expression of protein which was related to the cytoskeleton of osteoclasts. Results Icariin and curculigoside at the concentration of 1×10-6mol/L synergistically inhibited the osteoclastic formation, decreased the activity of TRAP, and reduced the area of bone resorption pit on bone slices, inhibited the organization of F-actin ring and the expression of FAK and Rho GTPases. Conclusions Icariin and curculigoside synergistically inhibited the osteoclastic bone resorption, which provided scientific basis for the theory of the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine Epimedii Folium and CurculiginIs Rhizoma.
Objective To investigate the interaction relationship of icariin and curculigoside on the osteoclastic formation, differentiation and bone resorbing. Methods Multinucleated osteoclasts were induced by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 and dexamethasone from bone marrow cells with the presence of primary osteoblastic cells, or induced with RANKL and MCSF.The activity of TRAP was measured by p-nitrophenyl sodium phosphate assay.The bone absorption pit area on the bone slices formed by osteoclast was measured by computer image processing.The F-actin ring were stained with Hoechst 33 258 and rhodamine-phalloidin, and then observed under the confocal scanning laser microscopy. The Western-blot was used to analysis the expression of protein which was related to the cytoskeleton of osteoclasts. Results Icariin and curculigoside at the concentration of 1×10-6mol/L synergistically inhibited the osteoclastic formation, decreased the activity of TRAP, and reduced the area of bone resorption pit on bone slices, inhibited the organization of F-actin ring and the expression of FAK and Rho GTPases. Conclusions Icariin and curculigoside synergistically inhibited the osteoclastic bone resorption, which provided scientific basis for the theory of the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine Epimedii Folium and CurculiginIs Rhizoma.
2013, 31(4): 267-270,289.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.007
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Objective To investigated the species composition, number and distribution of endophytes in medicinal plants Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f. in different seasons and different tissues. Methods Endophytic fungi were isolated by tissue-culture method and identified by ITS analysis. Results 1851 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, twigs and barks of C. fortunei which were sampled in spring, summer, autumn and winter. These stains were divided into 77 morphotype according to the cultural characteristics and were identified as 70 taxons by ITS analysis. The results suggested that effects of season and tissue on the colonization rate, isolation rate and species composition of endophytes were apparent, and effects of season were stronger than that of tissue. Conclusion There are abundant and multiple endophytie fungi in Cephalotaxus fortunei. According to the comprehensive analysis combined with richness and biodiversity indexes, spring was the best sampling time for getting most species of endophytes.
Objective To investigated the species composition, number and distribution of endophytes in medicinal plants Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f. in different seasons and different tissues. Methods Endophytic fungi were isolated by tissue-culture method and identified by ITS analysis. Results 1851 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, twigs and barks of C. fortunei which were sampled in spring, summer, autumn and winter. These stains were divided into 77 morphotype according to the cultural characteristics and were identified as 70 taxons by ITS analysis. The results suggested that effects of season and tissue on the colonization rate, isolation rate and species composition of endophytes were apparent, and effects of season were stronger than that of tissue. Conclusion There are abundant and multiple endophytie fungi in Cephalotaxus fortunei. According to the comprehensive analysis combined with richness and biodiversity indexes, spring was the best sampling time for getting most species of endophytes.
2013, 31(4): 271-272,276.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.008
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Objective To give advice and reference for establishment of compensation mechanism of drug clinical trial subjects in China. Methods The drug clinical trials to the subjects' impairment of the determination and compensation scheme liability in USA were discussed. The suggestions to the compensation for participant in China were put forward according to the experiences in USA and the actual situation in China. Conclusion The compensation mechanism in our country must be established in reference to the United States, which could promote the quality control standard for clinical trials the practical implement.
Objective To give advice and reference for establishment of compensation mechanism of drug clinical trial subjects in China. Methods The drug clinical trials to the subjects' impairment of the determination and compensation scheme liability in USA were discussed. The suggestions to the compensation for participant in China were put forward according to the experiences in USA and the actual situation in China. Conclusion The compensation mechanism in our country must be established in reference to the United States, which could promote the quality control standard for clinical trials the practical implement.
2013, 31(4): 273-276.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.009
Abstract:
Objective To explore the application of Raman spectroscopy in metronidazole injection solution analysis. Methods The variation of metronidazole (MET) injections' Raman spectra was analyzed when the pH varied from 1 to 12, and the related substances (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) in MET injection were detected. Two quantitative analysis techniques, multivariate partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were compared in MET sample quantification. The quantification results of commercial MET injection product were compared with pharmacopoeias suggested UV Spectrometry method. Results The pH differences were reflected in Raman spectra. Because of the low concentration of the related substance in Commercial MET injection (1 mg/L), the related substance could not be detected by Raman spectrum. Conclusion Both PLS and PCR could reach satisfactory prediction, and the concentrations found from Raman and UV spectrometry showed no significant differences according to t-test (α=0.05).
Objective To explore the application of Raman spectroscopy in metronidazole injection solution analysis. Methods The variation of metronidazole (MET) injections' Raman spectra was analyzed when the pH varied from 1 to 12, and the related substances (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) in MET injection were detected. Two quantitative analysis techniques, multivariate partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were compared in MET sample quantification. The quantification results of commercial MET injection product were compared with pharmacopoeias suggested UV Spectrometry method. Results The pH differences were reflected in Raman spectra. Because of the low concentration of the related substance in Commercial MET injection (1 mg/L), the related substance could not be detected by Raman spectrum. Conclusion Both PLS and PCR could reach satisfactory prediction, and the concentrations found from Raman and UV spectrometry showed no significant differences according to t-test (α=0.05).
2013, 31(4): 277-279,320.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.010
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method of GC-SIM-MS for the determination of sterols in Candida albicans, including lanosterol and ergosterol. Methods The sterols extracted from Candida albicans were analyzed by gas chromatography with a HP 50 capillary column, temperature from 150℃ to 300℃, 10℃/min, then, increased from 300℃ to 320℃, 20℃/min;detected temperature was 270℃; injection temperature was 270℃; carrier gas was Helium, flow rate was 1 ml/min; no splic.Mass spectrometry:EI Ion source, Ionization voltage:70 eV; SIM Scan; the selected ions:3.00~17.50 min, 275, 386; 17.50~19.00min, 363, 396;19.00~30.00 min 411, 426. Results Linear relation of lanosterol and ergosterol were good(r=0.999 8 and 0.999 5 respectively). The average recoveries were between 91.2%~117.3%, RSD<2.5%. The lowest limit of detect was 18.29 ng/ml and 68.13 ng/ml respectively, the precision within day were good (RSD<1.2%). Conclusion This method was accurate, sensitive and specific. The results were reliable, which provided a powerful tool for the study of antifungal agents.
Objective To establish a method of GC-SIM-MS for the determination of sterols in Candida albicans, including lanosterol and ergosterol. Methods The sterols extracted from Candida albicans were analyzed by gas chromatography with a HP 50 capillary column, temperature from 150℃ to 300℃, 10℃/min, then, increased from 300℃ to 320℃, 20℃/min;detected temperature was 270℃; injection temperature was 270℃; carrier gas was Helium, flow rate was 1 ml/min; no splic.Mass spectrometry:EI Ion source, Ionization voltage:70 eV; SIM Scan; the selected ions:3.00~17.50 min, 275, 386; 17.50~19.00min, 363, 396;19.00~30.00 min 411, 426. Results Linear relation of lanosterol and ergosterol were good(r=0.999 8 and 0.999 5 respectively). The average recoveries were between 91.2%~117.3%, RSD<2.5%. The lowest limit of detect was 18.29 ng/ml and 68.13 ng/ml respectively, the precision within day were good (RSD<1.2%). Conclusion This method was accurate, sensitive and specific. The results were reliable, which provided a powerful tool for the study of antifungal agents.
2013, 31(4): 280-282.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.011
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the hypolipidemic effects of polydatin on hyperlipidemic animals. Methods The models of hyperlipidemic rabbits and rats were established. Model animals were orally given polydatin for continuous 7 or 14 days and the serum levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL were evaluated. Results Polydatin significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL in hyperlipidemic rabbits, and markedly depressed the serum TG level in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusions Polydatin possessed a favorable hypolipidemic activity.
Objective To investigate the hypolipidemic effects of polydatin on hyperlipidemic animals. Methods The models of hyperlipidemic rabbits and rats were established. Model animals were orally given polydatin for continuous 7 or 14 days and the serum levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL were evaluated. Results Polydatin significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL in hyperlipidemic rabbits, and markedly depressed the serum TG level in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusions Polydatin possessed a favorable hypolipidemic activity.
2013, 31(4): 283-285.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.012
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Objective Aim to investigate the influence of butylphthalide (NBP) on amino acid content in epileptic mice's brain. Methods NBP was intraperitoneally injected (ip) mice and acute epileptic mice models were made after 30 min. The change of the four amino acid(aspartic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine) content in brain of epileptic mice was investigated. Results For NBP treated epileptic mice, when compared with model group, the contents of glutamate and glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid(model group:38.78;NBP hige dose group:5.52) were reduced (P<0.05) in brain of epileptic mice. Conclusion NBP could regulate the balance of excitement and inhibition systems which might relieve seizures.
Objective Aim to investigate the influence of butylphthalide (NBP) on amino acid content in epileptic mice's brain. Methods NBP was intraperitoneally injected (ip) mice and acute epileptic mice models were made after 30 min. The change of the four amino acid(aspartic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine) content in brain of epileptic mice was investigated. Results For NBP treated epileptic mice, when compared with model group, the contents of glutamate and glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid(model group:38.78;NBP hige dose group:5.52) were reduced (P<0.05) in brain of epileptic mice. Conclusion NBP could regulate the balance of excitement and inhibition systems which might relieve seizures.
2013, 31(4): 286-289.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.013
Abstract:
Objective To study the preparation method of matrine liposome and screen the optimal technological conditions by the encapsulation efficiencies. Methods Liposome was made of hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol (Ch) by film ultrasonic-ammonium sulfate gradient method. Then orthogonal design was adopted to screen the optimal conditions. Free drug was separated by Sephadex gel and the encapsulation efficiency of matrine was determined by HPLC. Results The optimum conditions of matrine liposomes were as follows:HSPC:Ch=3:1, the time of probe ultrassonic was 10min, and the ratio of drug to lipid was 1:15. The average entrapment efficiency was 50.68%. Conclusions The entrapment efficiency of liposome could be obviously improved with the optimized condition. The method discussed above was simple, feasible, and easily operated, which could be suitable for laboratory to prepare matrine liposome.
Objective To study the preparation method of matrine liposome and screen the optimal technological conditions by the encapsulation efficiencies. Methods Liposome was made of hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol (Ch) by film ultrasonic-ammonium sulfate gradient method. Then orthogonal design was adopted to screen the optimal conditions. Free drug was separated by Sephadex gel and the encapsulation efficiency of matrine was determined by HPLC. Results The optimum conditions of matrine liposomes were as follows:HSPC:Ch=3:1, the time of probe ultrassonic was 10min, and the ratio of drug to lipid was 1:15. The average entrapment efficiency was 50.68%. Conclusions The entrapment efficiency of liposome could be obviously improved with the optimized condition. The method discussed above was simple, feasible, and easily operated, which could be suitable for laboratory to prepare matrine liposome.
2013, 31(4): 290-292,299.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.014
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Objective To study the stability of tinidazole and spironolactone cream. Methods The content of tinidazole and spironolactone in cream were determined simultaneously by HPLC, and the period of validity of tinidazole spironolactone cream was predicted by accelerated test and long term test predictive validity. Results The content of tinidazole and spironolactone were decreasing gradually with the increasing of prolonging of time. After accelerated test, 6 months of tinidazole dropped 4.37%.spironolactone dropped 3.10%.After long term test, 12 months of tinidazole dropped 5.27%, spironolactone dropped 3.73%.Content and other indicators were in line with the provision. Conclusion The validity period of tinidazole and spironolactone was 12 months.
Objective To study the stability of tinidazole and spironolactone cream. Methods The content of tinidazole and spironolactone in cream were determined simultaneously by HPLC, and the period of validity of tinidazole spironolactone cream was predicted by accelerated test and long term test predictive validity. Results The content of tinidazole and spironolactone were decreasing gradually with the increasing of prolonging of time. After accelerated test, 6 months of tinidazole dropped 4.37%.spironolactone dropped 3.10%.After long term test, 12 months of tinidazole dropped 5.27%, spironolactone dropped 3.73%.Content and other indicators were in line with the provision. Conclusion The validity period of tinidazole and spironolactone was 12 months.
2013, 31(4): 293-295.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.015
Abstract:
Objective To explore a new pure nature based auxiliary material for Compound Danshen Dropping Pills. Methods A single herbal auxiliary material was used to produce Compound Danshen Dropping Pills.Then two auxiliary materials were mixed to produce Compound Danshen Dropping Pills. Results After the selection of single auxiliary material, xylitol was selected as the new base material. According to the principle of eutectic mixture, using two auxiliary materials could lower the melting point of xylitol.The mixture could make xylitol more suitable for dropping. Conclusion Xylitol and starch were mixed as new base materials for preparation of Compound Danshen Dropping Pills.
Objective To explore a new pure nature based auxiliary material for Compound Danshen Dropping Pills. Methods A single herbal auxiliary material was used to produce Compound Danshen Dropping Pills.Then two auxiliary materials were mixed to produce Compound Danshen Dropping Pills. Results After the selection of single auxiliary material, xylitol was selected as the new base material. According to the principle of eutectic mixture, using two auxiliary materials could lower the melting point of xylitol.The mixture could make xylitol more suitable for dropping. Conclusion Xylitol and starch were mixed as new base materials for preparation of Compound Danshen Dropping Pills.
2013, 31(4): 296-299.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.016
Abstract:
Objective To develop a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of four major components (gallic acid, loganin, paeoniflorin and paeonol) in different dosage forms of Liuweidihuang. Methods The chromatography condition was with Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm);mobile phase was A:ACN, B:0.1% formic acid, gradient elution, 0~3 min, A:3%~5%;3~18 min, A:5%~22%;18~60 min, A:22%~60%, flow speed was 1.0 ml/min, temperature of column was 25℃, inject volume was 10 μl, detection wavelength was 240 nm. Results The linearity was obtained over 6.296~318.9 μg/ml(r=0.999 8)for gallic acid, 1.952~99.04 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)for loganin, 6.186~309.3 μg/ml(r=0.999 8)for paeoniflorin and 7.147~214.4 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)for paeonol.The RSDs of precision of the samples were both less than 2%.The average recovery was between 98.2%~102.3%. Conclusion The present method, with satisfactory efficacy, was accurate and simple which could simultaneously determine four components, and could be used for quality control of different dosage forum of Liuweidihuang.
Objective To develop a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of four major components (gallic acid, loganin, paeoniflorin and paeonol) in different dosage forms of Liuweidihuang. Methods The chromatography condition was with Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm);mobile phase was A:ACN, B:0.1% formic acid, gradient elution, 0~3 min, A:3%~5%;3~18 min, A:5%~22%;18~60 min, A:22%~60%, flow speed was 1.0 ml/min, temperature of column was 25℃, inject volume was 10 μl, detection wavelength was 240 nm. Results The linearity was obtained over 6.296~318.9 μg/ml(r=0.999 8)for gallic acid, 1.952~99.04 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)for loganin, 6.186~309.3 μg/ml(r=0.999 8)for paeoniflorin and 7.147~214.4 μg/ml(r=0.999 7)for paeonol.The RSDs of precision of the samples were both less than 2%.The average recovery was between 98.2%~102.3%. Conclusion The present method, with satisfactory efficacy, was accurate and simple which could simultaneously determine four components, and could be used for quality control of different dosage forum of Liuweidihuang.
2013, 31(4): 300-301,317.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.017
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for determining chlorogenic acid and hesheridin in Lishi Oral Liquid (Plantaginis Herba, Kochiate Frouctus, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Sophorpe Flavescentis Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poriae Cutis, Maifahitum) by HPLC. Methods The HPLC with a C18 column was used.The mobile phases was a mixture of acetonitrile for current phase A, 1% Phosphoric acid solution for current phase B; the form prescribed in the gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 290 nm, flow velocity was 1.0 ml/min. Results The linear range was 4.040~80.80 μg/ml for chlorogenic acid and 3.618~72, 35 μg/ml for hesperidin.The average recovery of chlorogenic acid was 100.2% (RSD was 0.83%). The average recovery of hesperidin was 99.95%(RSD was 0.61%). Conclusions The method was simple, accurate, and reproducible with exclusive propertywhich could be used for quality control of Lishi Oral Liquid.
Objective To establish a method for determining chlorogenic acid and hesheridin in Lishi Oral Liquid (Plantaginis Herba, Kochiate Frouctus, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Sophorpe Flavescentis Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poriae Cutis, Maifahitum) by HPLC. Methods The HPLC with a C18 column was used.The mobile phases was a mixture of acetonitrile for current phase A, 1% Phosphoric acid solution for current phase B; the form prescribed in the gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 290 nm, flow velocity was 1.0 ml/min. Results The linear range was 4.040~80.80 μg/ml for chlorogenic acid and 3.618~72, 35 μg/ml for hesperidin.The average recovery of chlorogenic acid was 100.2% (RSD was 0.83%). The average recovery of hesperidin was 99.95%(RSD was 0.61%). Conclusions The method was simple, accurate, and reproducible with exclusive propertywhich could be used for quality control of Lishi Oral Liquid.
2013, 31(4): 302-303,309.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.018
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1、ginsenoside Re、ginsenoside Rb1 in Naili capsule Nov. 3. Methods HPLC with C18 column was revised to control the content of Radix Panax quinguefolium, the detective wavelength was set at 203 nm, reflux extraction with water saturation of n-butyl alcohol, true and false identification by TCL, the mobile phase was a linear gradient of acetonitrile(A) and 0.1% phosphate acid(B). Results Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rb1 showed the good linear relationships at the range of 0.2~1.0 μg (r=0.999 2), 0.8~4.0 μg (r=0.999 1), 2.0~10.0μg (r=0.999 1), respectively. Their recovery rates:Ginsenoside Rg1 average recovery was 96.67%, RSD=1.14%;Ginsenoside Re average recovery was 100.52%, RSD=1.18%;and Ginsenoside Rb1 average recovery was 96.94%, RSD=0.59%, respectively. Conclusion These methods were simple and accurate, and was repeatable, which could be used in the quality control of Naili capsule Nov. 3.
Objective To establish a method for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1、ginsenoside Re、ginsenoside Rb1 in Naili capsule Nov. 3. Methods HPLC with C18 column was revised to control the content of Radix Panax quinguefolium, the detective wavelength was set at 203 nm, reflux extraction with water saturation of n-butyl alcohol, true and false identification by TCL, the mobile phase was a linear gradient of acetonitrile(A) and 0.1% phosphate acid(B). Results Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rb1 showed the good linear relationships at the range of 0.2~1.0 μg (r=0.999 2), 0.8~4.0 μg (r=0.999 1), 2.0~10.0μg (r=0.999 1), respectively. Their recovery rates:Ginsenoside Rg1 average recovery was 96.67%, RSD=1.14%;Ginsenoside Re average recovery was 100.52%, RSD=1.18%;and Ginsenoside Rb1 average recovery was 96.94%, RSD=0.59%, respectively. Conclusion These methods were simple and accurate, and was repeatable, which could be used in the quality control of Naili capsule Nov. 3.
2013, 31(4): 304-306,313.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.019
Abstract:
Objective To explore the method of participating in designing therapy regimens and carrying out pharmaceutical care for clinical pharmacists. Methods The clinical pharmacists participated in therapy of a patient with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia, the regimen was analyzed, suggestion and pharmaceutical care were provided. Results The suggestion provided by clinical pharmacists was accepted by doctors. The patient was cured and discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists' participation could be helpful for doctors to make safe and effective medication. In addition, clinical pharmacists could provide patients with good pharmaceutical care and medication education.
Objective To explore the method of participating in designing therapy regimens and carrying out pharmaceutical care for clinical pharmacists. Methods The clinical pharmacists participated in therapy of a patient with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia, the regimen was analyzed, suggestion and pharmaceutical care were provided. Results The suggestion provided by clinical pharmacists was accepted by doctors. The patient was cured and discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists' participation could be helpful for doctors to make safe and effective medication. In addition, clinical pharmacists could provide patients with good pharmaceutical care and medication education.
2013, 31(4): 307-309.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.020
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Objective To discuss the service mode, contents of pharmaceutical care and the basic knowledge and skills that a clinical pharmacist should master by participating in treatment of visual impairment caused by voriconazole in a patient of multiple myeloma. Methods The case history, past medication and ongoing administration of the patient of multiple myeloma were systematically analyzed to find out the relationship between the adverse reaction and the combined medication. Then rational advice was given according to the pharmacological characteristics and drug concentration of voriconazole. Results The physician accepted the advice and reduced the dose of omeprazole for less suppression of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme and fewer disturbances on dose of voriconazole. Ten days later visual impairment of the patient was improved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should be good at flexibly using pharmacological knowledge, evaluating the effects and risks of medication and planning for pharmaceutical care to reduce or avoid subsequent drug impairment.
Objective To discuss the service mode, contents of pharmaceutical care and the basic knowledge and skills that a clinical pharmacist should master by participating in treatment of visual impairment caused by voriconazole in a patient of multiple myeloma. Methods The case history, past medication and ongoing administration of the patient of multiple myeloma were systematically analyzed to find out the relationship between the adverse reaction and the combined medication. Then rational advice was given according to the pharmacological characteristics and drug concentration of voriconazole. Results The physician accepted the advice and reduced the dose of omeprazole for less suppression of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme and fewer disturbances on dose of voriconazole. Ten days later visual impairment of the patient was improved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should be good at flexibly using pharmacological knowledge, evaluating the effects and risks of medication and planning for pharmaceutical care to reduce or avoid subsequent drug impairment.
2013, 31(4): 310-313.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.021
Abstract:
Objective To establish the social and administrative pharmacy graduate curriculum program. Methods systems analysis, expert interviews and literature research method were used to study graduate competency and education curriculum. Results Social and administrative pharmacy graduate should have 4 competency characters including professional development ability, personal qualities, professional skills and management ability. Graduate curricula may include six pre-set programs, eight core courses and seven categories expansion courses. Conclusion Social and administrative pharmacy graduate curriculum program could provide a reference for various pharmacy school.
Objective To establish the social and administrative pharmacy graduate curriculum program. Methods systems analysis, expert interviews and literature research method were used to study graduate competency and education curriculum. Results Social and administrative pharmacy graduate should have 4 competency characters including professional development ability, personal qualities, professional skills and management ability. Graduate curricula may include six pre-set programs, eight core courses and seven categories expansion courses. Conclusion Social and administrative pharmacy graduate curriculum program could provide a reference for various pharmacy school.
2013, 31(4): 314-317.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.022
Abstract:
Objective To compare different experts' opinions about pharmaceutical specialists'credentials for military superior technical position. Methods Delphi method was taken to organize two rounds of specialist consultations, the final opinions of specialists with different professional ranks were compared on the index weights. Results In comparison of opinions about six first-level indicators (W=0.906, P=0.107), the specialists agreed that pharmaceutical work and professional knowledge were the most important. For the second-level indicators like professional knowledge, pharmaceutical work and teaching, the opinions were also consistent (W=1, P=0.092; W=1, P=0.157; W=1, P=0.135). For the second-level indicators like ideology and mortality, scientific research and the third-level indicators like quantity of pharmaceutical work, quality of pharmaceutical work and teaching achievements, the opinions were different(W=0.75, P=0.223; W=0.75, P=0.223; W=0.75, P=0.223;W=0.1, P=0.896; W=0, P=1). Conclusion The experts with different professional ranks had different opinions, especially on the aspects of quality of pharmaceutical work and teaching achievements. Those with medium professional titles focused more on shorter term indicators, while those with senior ones focused more on longer term indicators. These suggestions should be appropriately analyzed to build scientific pharmaceutical specialists' credentials for military superior technical position.
Objective To compare different experts' opinions about pharmaceutical specialists'credentials for military superior technical position. Methods Delphi method was taken to organize two rounds of specialist consultations, the final opinions of specialists with different professional ranks were compared on the index weights. Results In comparison of opinions about six first-level indicators (W=0.906, P=0.107), the specialists agreed that pharmaceutical work and professional knowledge were the most important. For the second-level indicators like professional knowledge, pharmaceutical work and teaching, the opinions were also consistent (W=1, P=0.092; W=1, P=0.157; W=1, P=0.135). For the second-level indicators like ideology and mortality, scientific research and the third-level indicators like quantity of pharmaceutical work, quality of pharmaceutical work and teaching achievements, the opinions were different(W=0.75, P=0.223; W=0.75, P=0.223; W=0.75, P=0.223;W=0.1, P=0.896; W=0, P=1). Conclusion The experts with different professional ranks had different opinions, especially on the aspects of quality of pharmaceutical work and teaching achievements. Those with medium professional titles focused more on shorter term indicators, while those with senior ones focused more on longer term indicators. These suggestions should be appropriately analyzed to build scientific pharmaceutical specialists' credentials for military superior technical position.
2013, 31(4): 318-320.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.04.023
Abstract:
Objective The demands of hospital pharmacists are changing now according to the new pharmaceutical care mode. The pattern and contents of the clinical training need to be altered to adapt to the hospital working environment when the undergraduates of traditional pharmacy school enter the hospital for practice. Method According to the characteristic of hospital pharmacy, the whole practice processes were re-designed on the practice model, contents and examining method. Result A good practice system for the undergraduate trainee had been developed. Conclusion The undergraduates should be trained with some practical clinical job contents which would help them quickly be suitable in hospital.
Objective The demands of hospital pharmacists are changing now according to the new pharmaceutical care mode. The pattern and contents of the clinical training need to be altered to adapt to the hospital working environment when the undergraduates of traditional pharmacy school enter the hospital for practice. Method According to the characteristic of hospital pharmacy, the whole practice processes were re-designed on the practice model, contents and examining method. Result A good practice system for the undergraduate trainee had been developed. Conclusion The undergraduates should be trained with some practical clinical job contents which would help them quickly be suitable in hospital.
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