2014 Vol. 32, No. 4
Display Method:
2014, 32(4): 241-245,265.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.001
Abstract:
Albumin is an ideal drug carrier, but its application was limited because of the shortcomings of short half-life and susceptible to enzymatic degradation in vivo.However, according to its structural features, albumin has a plurality of modification sites, which can be modified by PEG modifier to extend the cycle time and obstruct the action of the enzyme.Currently, the PEG-modified albumin is still in the research stage, and there have been many studies about PEG-modified albumin, such as the role of PEG modification, the effects on albumin and its preparations and the modification sites selection.The article reviewed the related studies about the PEGylation of albumin.
Albumin is an ideal drug carrier, but its application was limited because of the shortcomings of short half-life and susceptible to enzymatic degradation in vivo.However, according to its structural features, albumin has a plurality of modification sites, which can be modified by PEG modifier to extend the cycle time and obstruct the action of the enzyme.Currently, the PEG-modified albumin is still in the research stage, and there have been many studies about PEG-modified albumin, such as the role of PEG modification, the effects on albumin and its preparations and the modification sites selection.The article reviewed the related studies about the PEGylation of albumin.
2014, 32(4): 246-249,287.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.002
Abstract:
The target of rapamycin (TOR), a Ser/Thr protein kinase of PIKKs (phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases), is the central factor of a highly conserved signaling pathway in eukaryotes, and regulates cell growth in response to nutrients, hormones, and stresses.It controls temporal growth by activating anabolic processes such as translation, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, transportation of amino acid and metabolic enzymes.The advances in TOR pathway in the most pervasive human fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
The target of rapamycin (TOR), a Ser/Thr protein kinase of PIKKs (phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases), is the central factor of a highly conserved signaling pathway in eukaryotes, and regulates cell growth in response to nutrients, hormones, and stresses.It controls temporal growth by activating anabolic processes such as translation, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, transportation of amino acid and metabolic enzymes.The advances in TOR pathway in the most pervasive human fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
2014, 32(4): 250-253,260.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.003
Abstract:
The traditional Chinese herb Shancigu is derived from the dry tuber of Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino, Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch)Rolfe, Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe.The chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Shancigu were overviewed through searching relevant literatures.
The traditional Chinese herb Shancigu is derived from the dry tuber of Cremastra appendiculata(D.Don)Makino, Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch)Rolfe, Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe.The chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Shancigu were overviewed through searching relevant literatures.
2014, 32(4): 254-256,277.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.004
Abstract:
Objective Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLC) is a concerned research area in pharmaceutics, which as a novel drug delivery system to promote oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs.The literatures were reviewed to explore and summarize the mechanism that nano-structured lipid carriers in promotion of the absorption of poorly soluble drugs.
Objective Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLC) is a concerned research area in pharmaceutics, which as a novel drug delivery system to promote oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs.The literatures were reviewed to explore and summarize the mechanism that nano-structured lipid carriers in promotion of the absorption of poorly soluble drugs.
2014, 32(4): 257-260.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.005
Abstract:
Objective To review the newly developed solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(S-SMEDDS). Methods Relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years were consulted and summarized. Results Solid self-microemulsions carrier, solidification technology and controlled release formulations were discussed, in order to provide relevant references for improving the bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs and the SMEDDS technology for drug release characteristics. Conclusion The utilization of the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system could significantly enhance the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs.As a new formulation, S-SMEDDS presented huge potential.
Objective To review the newly developed solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(S-SMEDDS). Methods Relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years were consulted and summarized. Results Solid self-microemulsions carrier, solidification technology and controlled release formulations were discussed, in order to provide relevant references for improving the bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs and the SMEDDS technology for drug release characteristics. Conclusion The utilization of the solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system could significantly enhance the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs.As a new formulation, S-SMEDDS presented huge potential.
2014, 32(4): 261-265.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.006
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the main chemical constituents of Moutan cortex by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOFMS). Methods A CAPCELL PAK C18(3.0 mm×100 mm, 3 μm) column was used to do chromatographic separation.0.1% aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase composition.Gradient elution was used with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min; QTOFMS was applied for qualitative analysis under positive and negative ion mode. Results 48 major constituents of Moutan cortex were identified by QTOFMS and structure-relevant fragment ions under the optimized condition. Conclusion A simple and reliable method with the usage of HPLC-QTOFMS was established to identify the main chemical constituents of Moutan cortex.
Objective To analyze the main chemical constituents of Moutan cortex by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOFMS). Methods A CAPCELL PAK C18(3.0 mm×100 mm, 3 μm) column was used to do chromatographic separation.0.1% aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase composition.Gradient elution was used with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min; QTOFMS was applied for qualitative analysis under positive and negative ion mode. Results 48 major constituents of Moutan cortex were identified by QTOFMS and structure-relevant fragment ions under the optimized condition. Conclusion A simple and reliable method with the usage of HPLC-QTOFMS was established to identify the main chemical constituents of Moutan cortex.
2014, 32(4): 266-269.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.007
Abstract:
Objective To evaluated the inhibitory effect of garcinia glycosides on growth of 8 kinds of human tumor cells in vivo by hollow fiber assay and confirm the reliability of hollow fiber assay in anticancer effect by the nude mice xenograft test. Methods Hollow fibers containing tumor cells were inserted underneath the skin of the NOD/SCID mice.The fibers were collected from the mice on the day after the administration and subjected to the stable endpoint MTT assay.The tumor cells of HL-60 and B16 were subcutaneously implanted into the right flank of BALb /c nude mice.The positive control group was treated with cyclophosphamide.Each group was administered for 10 days.24 hours after the last administration, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were excised and weighted, the inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated. Results The high-dose group of 8 mg/(kg·d), middle dose group of 4 mg/(kg·d) of garcinia glycosides were measured by hollow fiber assay and nude mice test significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of HL-60 and B16 comparing with those in the solvent control group(P<0.01). Conclusion As a new model by hollow fiber assay to evaluate the inhibitory effect of garcinia glycosides, the test results were basically the same with nude mice test results.It made the experiment more rapidly, accurately and economically.An instruction and reliable evidence for follow-up study of garcinia glycosides was provided in this study.
Objective To evaluated the inhibitory effect of garcinia glycosides on growth of 8 kinds of human tumor cells in vivo by hollow fiber assay and confirm the reliability of hollow fiber assay in anticancer effect by the nude mice xenograft test. Methods Hollow fibers containing tumor cells were inserted underneath the skin of the NOD/SCID mice.The fibers were collected from the mice on the day after the administration and subjected to the stable endpoint MTT assay.The tumor cells of HL-60 and B16 were subcutaneously implanted into the right flank of BALb /c nude mice.The positive control group was treated with cyclophosphamide.Each group was administered for 10 days.24 hours after the last administration, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were excised and weighted, the inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated. Results The high-dose group of 8 mg/(kg·d), middle dose group of 4 mg/(kg·d) of garcinia glycosides were measured by hollow fiber assay and nude mice test significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of HL-60 and B16 comparing with those in the solvent control group(P<0.01). Conclusion As a new model by hollow fiber assay to evaluate the inhibitory effect of garcinia glycosides, the test results were basically the same with nude mice test results.It made the experiment more rapidly, accurately and economically.An instruction and reliable evidence for follow-up study of garcinia glycosides was provided in this study.
2014, 32(4): 270-272,293.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.008
Abstract:
Objective To develop a method for determination of 13 kinds of bile acid in healthy people and patients with primary liver cancer by HPLC-MS. Methods Acetonitrile was used to precipitate protein in plasma samples.The separation was performed on a SHISEIDO MG C18 reverse phase column (3.0 mm×100 mm,3 μm).The mobile phase were acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.5% ammonia), gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min, the temperature of column was 25℃ and the injection volume was 5 μl.Electrospray ion source (ESI) and selected ion mode (SIM) were applied for quantitative analysis under negative ion mode. Results The calibration curves of 13 kinds of bile acids were linear in the range of 3.3 - 4 400 ng/ml, intra-day and inter-day precision results were all less than 7%, the average recovery were 82.67%-109.75%.The result showed that the content of conjugated bile acid increased in the plasma of patients with primary liver cancer compared with the healthy control group, especially in TUDCA, TCDCA, TCA, GCA and GCDCA. Conclusion The LC-MS method was sensitive and selective which could be suitable for determination of bile acid in healthy people and patients with primary liver cancer.The study laid a foundation for the metabolism of bile acid in vivo and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective To develop a method for determination of 13 kinds of bile acid in healthy people and patients with primary liver cancer by HPLC-MS. Methods Acetonitrile was used to precipitate protein in plasma samples.The separation was performed on a SHISEIDO MG C18 reverse phase column (3.0 mm×100 mm,3 μm).The mobile phase were acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.5% ammonia), gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min, the temperature of column was 25℃ and the injection volume was 5 μl.Electrospray ion source (ESI) and selected ion mode (SIM) were applied for quantitative analysis under negative ion mode. Results The calibration curves of 13 kinds of bile acids were linear in the range of 3.3 - 4 400 ng/ml, intra-day and inter-day precision results were all less than 7%, the average recovery were 82.67%-109.75%.The result showed that the content of conjugated bile acid increased in the plasma of patients with primary liver cancer compared with the healthy control group, especially in TUDCA, TCDCA, TCA, GCA and GCDCA. Conclusion The LC-MS method was sensitive and selective which could be suitable for determination of bile acid in healthy people and patients with primary liver cancer.The study laid a foundation for the metabolism of bile acid in vivo and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
2014, 32(4): 273-277.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.009
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the prescription and preparation technology of finasteride dispersible tablets. Methods Wet granulation technique was applied to optimize the formulation and technology of finasteride tablets. Results The formulation of finasteride tablets was that microcrystalline cellulose and lactose acts as diluent, 5% of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose acts as disintegrant, 5% of povidone in alcohol water mixture acts as adhesive and 15% of opadry 85 G type acts as coating solution.The percentage of dissolution was more than 90% in 45 miniutes. Conclusion The self-made finasteride tablets had stable quality, reliable process and were suitable for industrialized mass production.
Objective To optimize the prescription and preparation technology of finasteride dispersible tablets. Methods Wet granulation technique was applied to optimize the formulation and technology of finasteride tablets. Results The formulation of finasteride tablets was that microcrystalline cellulose and lactose acts as diluent, 5% of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose acts as disintegrant, 5% of povidone in alcohol water mixture acts as adhesive and 15% of opadry 85 G type acts as coating solution.The percentage of dissolution was more than 90% in 45 miniutes. Conclusion The self-made finasteride tablets had stable quality, reliable process and were suitable for industrialized mass production.
2014, 32(4): 278-281.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.010
Abstract:
Objective To reduce the management risk of operational narcotics in the operation room. Methods System of information management for RFID turnover box was developed with RFID technology based on the establishment of narcotic operation pharmacy; system function was achieved through applying the response of RFID to the process of obtaining and employing modular medicine cabinet for anesthesia connecting fingerprint door-lock system. Results Narcotic operation pharmacy was equipped with 6 kinds of medicine cabinet.A total medicine cabinets of 62 can meet the demands of 120 operations per day. Conclusion Modular medicine cabinet for operation based on the response of RFID technology decreases the cost of drug management and promote the efficiency and management standardization.
Objective To reduce the management risk of operational narcotics in the operation room. Methods System of information management for RFID turnover box was developed with RFID technology based on the establishment of narcotic operation pharmacy; system function was achieved through applying the response of RFID to the process of obtaining and employing modular medicine cabinet for anesthesia connecting fingerprint door-lock system. Results Narcotic operation pharmacy was equipped with 6 kinds of medicine cabinet.A total medicine cabinets of 62 can meet the demands of 120 operations per day. Conclusion Modular medicine cabinet for operation based on the response of RFID technology decreases the cost of drug management and promote the efficiency and management standardization.
2014, 32(4): 282-283,317.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.011
Abstract:
Objective To validate the determination method of microbacteria limit of Shuitiaosan powder. Methods Plate counting method was used.The method of counting bacteria and mould was validated by the recovery rates with 5 control strains.The method of checking control bacteria was validated by observing cultivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the test group, positive control group and negative control group in the same environment. Results The recovery rate of every trail strains was higher than 70% when centrifugal sedimentation methods were used in the counting bacteria and mould.To the examination of control bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by the centrifugal sedimentation methods.The tested strains were observed in the test group and in the positive control group.No strains were observed in the negative control group. Conclusion The methods are simple, feasible, reliable and can be used for the examination of microbacteria limit.
Objective To validate the determination method of microbacteria limit of Shuitiaosan powder. Methods Plate counting method was used.The method of counting bacteria and mould was validated by the recovery rates with 5 control strains.The method of checking control bacteria was validated by observing cultivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the test group, positive control group and negative control group in the same environment. Results The recovery rate of every trail strains was higher than 70% when centrifugal sedimentation methods were used in the counting bacteria and mould.To the examination of control bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by the centrifugal sedimentation methods.The tested strains were observed in the test group and in the positive control group.No strains were observed in the negative control group. Conclusion The methods are simple, feasible, reliable and can be used for the examination of microbacteria limit.
2014, 32(4): 284-287.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.012
Abstract:
Objective To search for starfishes with hopoglycemic activity and orientate the bioactive fractions. Methods Firstly, the crude extracts of four starfishes were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test on normal and diabetic mice.And then the in vitro α-glucosidase activity assay was introduced to confirm the bioactive fractions. Results The crude extract of Asterias rollestoni could lower the blood glucose of normal and diabetic mice after 0.5 h and 1 h.Furthermore, its n-BuOH fraction exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitoary activity. Conclusion The n-BuOH extract of Asterias rollestoni had a potent α-glucosidase inhibitoary activity.
Objective To search for starfishes with hopoglycemic activity and orientate the bioactive fractions. Methods Firstly, the crude extracts of four starfishes were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test on normal and diabetic mice.And then the in vitro α-glucosidase activity assay was introduced to confirm the bioactive fractions. Results The crude extract of Asterias rollestoni could lower the blood glucose of normal and diabetic mice after 0.5 h and 1 h.Furthermore, its n-BuOH fraction exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitoary activity. Conclusion The n-BuOH extract of Asterias rollestoni had a potent α-glucosidase inhibitoary activity.
2014, 32(4): 288-289,296.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.013
Abstract:
Objective To establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of metformin in healthy Chinese subjects, and evaluate the effect of different physiological factors on pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin. Methods The preparation of pericardial fixation liquid is divided into solution A (buffer solution) and solution B (glutaraldehyde solution), which were reserved in the refrigerator before used.Before the experiment, solution A and B were mixed evenly to make fresh pericardial fixation fluid.Stability of solution A and B before and after disinfection, solution B, pericardial fixation fluid at room temperature and 4℃ in the refrigerator were studied using pH meter and hydroxylamine salt method with pH value and the content as indexes. Results The decline of pH value and the content was slight after disinfection for both solution A and B within the prescribed scope.when glutaraldehyde was in alkaline condition after the mix of solution A and B, it was with strong bactericidal activity and pericardial fixation ability; stability study showed that pericardial fixation fluid was more stable in cold storage than at room temperature within one year. Conclusion The improved preparation process of pericardial fixation fluid is reasonable and feasible.The pericardial fixation fluid has good stability, and the quality guarantee period could be extended to one year.
Objective To establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of metformin in healthy Chinese subjects, and evaluate the effect of different physiological factors on pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin. Methods The preparation of pericardial fixation liquid is divided into solution A (buffer solution) and solution B (glutaraldehyde solution), which were reserved in the refrigerator before used.Before the experiment, solution A and B were mixed evenly to make fresh pericardial fixation fluid.Stability of solution A and B before and after disinfection, solution B, pericardial fixation fluid at room temperature and 4℃ in the refrigerator were studied using pH meter and hydroxylamine salt method with pH value and the content as indexes. Results The decline of pH value and the content was slight after disinfection for both solution A and B within the prescribed scope.when glutaraldehyde was in alkaline condition after the mix of solution A and B, it was with strong bactericidal activity and pericardial fixation ability; stability study showed that pericardial fixation fluid was more stable in cold storage than at room temperature within one year. Conclusion The improved preparation process of pericardial fixation fluid is reasonable and feasible.The pericardial fixation fluid has good stability, and the quality guarantee period could be extended to one year.
2014, 32(4): 290-293.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.014
Abstract:
Objective To obtain the improved synthesis of imatinib mesylate. Methods 4-[(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl) methyl] benzoyl chloride dihydrochloride and 4-methyl-N3-[4-(3-pyridyl) pyrimidin-2-yl]-1,3-phenylenediamine were used as starting raw material to perform a condensation reaction in the aqueous phase to give imatinib free base, which was then neutralized with methanesulfonic acid to obtain the novel antineoplastic tyrosinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate by the use of a two-step reaction. Results The improved synthesis was considered to have the advantages of low cost, easy post-processing, high purity, high yield and environmental pollution with the HPLC purity≥99.7% and the single impurity<0.1%. Conclusion The total yield of the novel method was 81.5%, having an enough broad industrial production prospect.The targeted compound structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS.
Objective To obtain the improved synthesis of imatinib mesylate. Methods 4-[(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl) methyl] benzoyl chloride dihydrochloride and 4-methyl-N3-[4-(3-pyridyl) pyrimidin-2-yl]-1,3-phenylenediamine were used as starting raw material to perform a condensation reaction in the aqueous phase to give imatinib free base, which was then neutralized with methanesulfonic acid to obtain the novel antineoplastic tyrosinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate by the use of a two-step reaction. Results The improved synthesis was considered to have the advantages of low cost, easy post-processing, high purity, high yield and environmental pollution with the HPLC purity≥99.7% and the single impurity<0.1%. Conclusion The total yield of the novel method was 81.5%, having an enough broad industrial production prospect.The targeted compound structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS.
2014, 32(4): 294-296.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.015
Abstract:
Objective To determina the content of cucurbitacin B in cucurbitacins. Methods The highly effective liquid phase chromatography was used,with Waters Symmetry C18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm 5 μm) column.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (51:49), the flow rate was 1 ml/min, column temperature was 25℃, the detection wavelength was 228 nm. Results Cucurbitacin B regression equation: Y=1 067.3C-0.508 4 (r=0.999 9), the average recovery rate was 99.39%(n=6), RSD was 0.56%, which showed that this method had a good recovery rate. Conclusion The HPLC method for the determination of content of cucurbitacin B in cucurbitacins was simple, reproducible, accurate.
Objective To determina the content of cucurbitacin B in cucurbitacins. Methods The highly effective liquid phase chromatography was used,with Waters Symmetry C18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm 5 μm) column.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (51:49), the flow rate was 1 ml/min, column temperature was 25℃, the detection wavelength was 228 nm. Results Cucurbitacin B regression equation: Y=1 067.3C-0.508 4 (r=0.999 9), the average recovery rate was 99.39%(n=6), RSD was 0.56%, which showed that this method had a good recovery rate. Conclusion The HPLC method for the determination of content of cucurbitacin B in cucurbitacins was simple, reproducible, accurate.
2014, 32(4): 297-299,314.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.016
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of loading or non loading administration of levosimendan in the treatment of patients with refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF). Methods A randomized, open, control clinical trial was conducted in 40 patients with RCHF.Besides regular treatment, patients in test group (n=20) were given levosimendan injection with initial loading dose of 6-12 μg/kg for 10 min,followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 μg/(kg·min).While in control group (n=20), patients were given Levosimendan injection with a continuous infusion of 8.7 μg/min for 24 h.Dyspnea, eject fraction(EF),BNP level, blood pressure, heart rate, rhythm of the heart, the function of liver and kidney before and after drug administration were examined.All adverse events during the process were recorded. Results The base line showed there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.Dyspnea degree, general clinical condition, BNP, EF values were all improved, compared with those in patients before treatment.After 30 min of administration, in test group improved dyspnea, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure were more greatly than those in control group (P=0.04 and 0.01, respectively).However there were no significant differences of dyspnea degree, decreased BNP, between the 2 groups after administration of 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h.In addition, there was no significant difference in enhanced EF value at 24 h, 72 h between the 2 groups. Conclusion Levosimendan was effective in treating RCHF and could improve hemodynamic, degree of dyspnea and decrease BNP, increase EF value.Compared with loading group, non loading administration of levosimendan in the treatment of RCHF was equivalent, safe, and more convenient.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of loading or non loading administration of levosimendan in the treatment of patients with refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF). Methods A randomized, open, control clinical trial was conducted in 40 patients with RCHF.Besides regular treatment, patients in test group (n=20) were given levosimendan injection with initial loading dose of 6-12 μg/kg for 10 min,followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 μg/(kg·min).While in control group (n=20), patients were given Levosimendan injection with a continuous infusion of 8.7 μg/min for 24 h.Dyspnea, eject fraction(EF),BNP level, blood pressure, heart rate, rhythm of the heart, the function of liver and kidney before and after drug administration were examined.All adverse events during the process were recorded. Results The base line showed there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.Dyspnea degree, general clinical condition, BNP, EF values were all improved, compared with those in patients before treatment.After 30 min of administration, in test group improved dyspnea, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure were more greatly than those in control group (P=0.04 and 0.01, respectively).However there were no significant differences of dyspnea degree, decreased BNP, between the 2 groups after administration of 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h.In addition, there was no significant difference in enhanced EF value at 24 h, 72 h between the 2 groups. Conclusion Levosimendan was effective in treating RCHF and could improve hemodynamic, degree of dyspnea and decrease BNP, increase EF value.Compared with loading group, non loading administration of levosimendan in the treatment of RCHF was equivalent, safe, and more convenient.
2014, 32(4): 300-301,306.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.017
Abstract:
Objective To discuss pharmaceutical care for patients with acute pancreatitis, investigate and expand the role of clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment. Methods To prepare pharmaceutical care, medication guidance and interventions of life were offered to an acute pancreatitis patient. Results The patient's medication compliance was enhanced and good for the clinical therapy. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could play an important role in patient's implementation of a comprehensive and effective program of individual administration.
Objective To discuss pharmaceutical care for patients with acute pancreatitis, investigate and expand the role of clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment. Methods To prepare pharmaceutical care, medication guidance and interventions of life were offered to an acute pancreatitis patient. Results The patient's medication compliance was enhanced and good for the clinical therapy. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists could play an important role in patient's implementation of a comprehensive and effective program of individual administration.
2014, 32(4): 302-303,311.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.018
Abstract:
The whole pharmaceutical care package was given by clinical pharmacist to a patient with infective endocarditis and renal insufficiency.The pharmacist performed pharmaceutical care by analyzing the condition of the patient,evaluating and making treatment plan and adjusting the drug dosage.With the cooperation of clinical pharmacist,the doctor optimized the treatment plan to individualize treatment,and ensured the effectiveness and safety of medications.
The whole pharmaceutical care package was given by clinical pharmacist to a patient with infective endocarditis and renal insufficiency.The pharmacist performed pharmaceutical care by analyzing the condition of the patient,evaluating and making treatment plan and adjusting the drug dosage.With the cooperation of clinical pharmacist,the doctor optimized the treatment plan to individualize treatment,and ensured the effectiveness and safety of medications.
2014, 32(4): 304-306.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.019
Abstract:
Objective To analysis the major problems and the causes in the process of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs, and to give some effective solutions according to the price problems for ensuring the quality and regular supply of national essential drugs, decrease patients burden effectively and safeguard the medication safety of patients. Methods The implementation of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs was investigated, the problems which were major and outstanding were analyzed to find out the internal causes and the effective solutions were given. Results The progression of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs was successfully in general.The implementation of the principle of winning of the bidding with the lowest bid price lead to excessive low price, which caused some problems such as lower quality or bad supplied of some national essential drugs. Conclusion The price policy of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs should not be instituted based on the lower price, more winning of biddings.It needed more scientific and overall perspective thoughts.It maybe solve the problems mentioned above by winning of the bidding with the lowest bid price in the interval average price, appropriately loosing the control of difference rate with the results of decreasing the drug price, avoiding cut-throat competition, ensuring the quality and supply of drugs, lightening the patients' burden, releasing the problem of high cost of getting medical treatment.
Objective To analysis the major problems and the causes in the process of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs, and to give some effective solutions according to the price problems for ensuring the quality and regular supply of national essential drugs, decrease patients burden effectively and safeguard the medication safety of patients. Methods The implementation of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs was investigated, the problems which were major and outstanding were analyzed to find out the internal causes and the effective solutions were given. Results The progression of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs was successfully in general.The implementation of the principle of winning of the bidding with the lowest bid price lead to excessive low price, which caused some problems such as lower quality or bad supplied of some national essential drugs. Conclusion The price policy of centralized purchasing of national essential drugs should not be instituted based on the lower price, more winning of biddings.It needed more scientific and overall perspective thoughts.It maybe solve the problems mentioned above by winning of the bidding with the lowest bid price in the interval average price, appropriately loosing the control of difference rate with the results of decreasing the drug price, avoiding cut-throat competition, ensuring the quality and supply of drugs, lightening the patients' burden, releasing the problem of high cost of getting medical treatment.
2014, 32(4): 307-308,320.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.020
Abstract:
Objective To propose conceptual framework for the components of rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply and suggestions of rapid response capabilities establishment. Methods The components framework of rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply was proposed by analyzing the problems of emergency medicine supply and locating the demand on the timeliness and accuracy of emergency medicine supply. Results Rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply include rapid decision-making and commanding, rapid implementation and rapid adjusting. Conclusion We should proceed from post training, information platform developing, medicine standards making, professional team building and other aspects to construct rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply.
Objective To propose conceptual framework for the components of rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply and suggestions of rapid response capabilities establishment. Methods The components framework of rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply was proposed by analyzing the problems of emergency medicine supply and locating the demand on the timeliness and accuracy of emergency medicine supply. Results Rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply include rapid decision-making and commanding, rapid implementation and rapid adjusting. Conclusion We should proceed from post training, information platform developing, medicine standards making, professional team building and other aspects to construct rapid response capabilities of emergency medicine supply.
2014, 32(4): 309-311.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.021
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the utilization of antibiotics for special use in our hospital in order to provide references for rational use antibiotics in clinic. Methods The utilization of antibiotics for special use in our hospital from 2010 to 2011 was analyzed with defined daily dose (DDD), consumption sum, DDC, DDDs and B/A as indexes. Results 72.22%of antibiotics for special use had been used in our hospital, main in injection.The changes of consumption sum, DDDs and proportion, DDC of antibiotics for special use varied from each other.The ratio of B to A of antibiotics for special use was in a range of 0.29~9.00. Conclusion The performance of stratified management of antibiotics did not implement exactly.It was necessary to strictly control the introduction, intensify education of medication and rigorously implement the performance of stratified management of antibiotics.
Objective To analyze the utilization of antibiotics for special use in our hospital in order to provide references for rational use antibiotics in clinic. Methods The utilization of antibiotics for special use in our hospital from 2010 to 2011 was analyzed with defined daily dose (DDD), consumption sum, DDC, DDDs and B/A as indexes. Results 72.22%of antibiotics for special use had been used in our hospital, main in injection.The changes of consumption sum, DDDs and proportion, DDC of antibiotics for special use varied from each other.The ratio of B to A of antibiotics for special use was in a range of 0.29~9.00. Conclusion The performance of stratified management of antibiotics did not implement exactly.It was necessary to strictly control the introduction, intensify education of medication and rigorously implement the performance of stratified management of antibiotics.
2014, 32(4): 312-314.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.022
Abstract:
Objective Brief introduced the difference of pharmaceutical service between Denmark and China by personal experience. Methods Difference was elicited by the inspection among the main hospitals, logistic unit, pharmaceutical department of university and the research institution in the Region of Copenhagen, Capital of Denmark. Results Much difference exists between the two countries, like the organization, pharmacy configuration, regional planning, information management, and the educational training, etc. Conclusion Deriving from the economic, environment and regime, the Danish pharmaceutical service is different from ours in various aspects.However, we can learn from its free health system well to facilitate our pharmaceutical service.
Objective Brief introduced the difference of pharmaceutical service between Denmark and China by personal experience. Methods Difference was elicited by the inspection among the main hospitals, logistic unit, pharmaceutical department of university and the research institution in the Region of Copenhagen, Capital of Denmark. Results Much difference exists between the two countries, like the organization, pharmacy configuration, regional planning, information management, and the educational training, etc. Conclusion Deriving from the economic, environment and regime, the Danish pharmaceutical service is different from ours in various aspects.However, we can learn from its free health system well to facilitate our pharmaceutical service.
2014, 32(4): 315-317.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.023
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics effectiveness of two community-acquired pneumonia therapeutic treatments, and provide guidance for rational drug use. Methods Two therapeutic schemes were analyzed through cost-effectiveness analysis.Result Between the two treatments, the total cost by using moxifloxacin alone (Group A) was 4 092.75 RMB, while that of using azithromycin and cefuroxime (Group B) combined was 3 306.83 RMB; the effective rates were 88.89% and 85.71%, respectively; the incremental cost for each effect unit of these two treatments was 46.04 RMB and 38.58 RMB. Conclusion It is more economical and reasonable to use azithromycin and cefuroxime combination for the therapeutic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.
Objective To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics effectiveness of two community-acquired pneumonia therapeutic treatments, and provide guidance for rational drug use. Methods Two therapeutic schemes were analyzed through cost-effectiveness analysis.Result Between the two treatments, the total cost by using moxifloxacin alone (Group A) was 4 092.75 RMB, while that of using azithromycin and cefuroxime (Group B) combined was 3 306.83 RMB; the effective rates were 88.89% and 85.71%, respectively; the incremental cost for each effect unit of these two treatments was 46.04 RMB and 38.58 RMB. Conclusion It is more economical and reasonable to use azithromycin and cefuroxime combination for the therapeutic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.
Exploration of practical teaching in Chinese materia medica curriculum with military characteristics
2014, 32(4): 318-320.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.04.024
Abstract:
Objective As the only institution developing traditional Chinese medical talents in PLA, in view of the need of interdisciplinary traditional Chinese medical talents and preparation of military medical fighting, education of military characteristics was integrated into Chinese materia medica curriculum, in order to train interdisciplinary talents that had an extensive theoretical and practical expertise in military by strengthening student's clinical basic of traditional Chinese medicine, mastering military emergency skills of traditional Chinese medicine and taking part in military research.
Objective As the only institution developing traditional Chinese medical talents in PLA, in view of the need of interdisciplinary traditional Chinese medical talents and preparation of military medical fighting, education of military characteristics was integrated into Chinese materia medica curriculum, in order to train interdisciplinary talents that had an extensive theoretical and practical expertise in military by strengthening student's clinical basic of traditional Chinese medicine, mastering military emergency skills of traditional Chinese medicine and taking part in military research.
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