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2022 Vol. 40, No. 3

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Advances in methodologies for preparation and analysis of new biochromatic stationary phase
CHAI Xinyi, GU Yanqiu, CHEN Xiaofei, CHAI Yifeng
2022, 40(3): 193-198. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202112087
Abstract(5406) HTML (2575) PDF (1325KB)(59)
Abstract:
Biochromatography is a new chromatographic technology with great development potential. It has been widely used in drug screening and biomolecular interaction analysis. The core of this technology is the chromatographic stationary phase of biomolecules. Nowadays, it mainly develops cell membrane chromatography, artificial biomimetic membrane chromatography and the various immobilization strategies to directly immobilizes proteins on the stationary phase carrier. This paper reviews the research progress of new biochromatographic stationary phase and the application of biochromatographic analysis based on new stationary phase. And, the applications of biochromatographic stationary phase and micro biochromatographic analysis system based on monolithic column are prospected.
Advances in prevention and treatment for motion sickness
ZHANG Jingxiang, ZHU Lin, XING Xinhao, WANG Xinrong, WANG Yan
2022, 40(3): 199-201, 247. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202101018
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Abstract:
Motion sickness is a series of physiological responses in human being caused by abnormal movement stimulation. With the development of science and technology, a growing number of people choose to travel by high speed vehicles. Motion sickness happens more frequently. A large number of non-drug and drug intervention methods have been reported in the treatment of motion sickness. This article provides an overview on the research developments in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness in order to provide new ideas for drug research.
Overview of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with other detection techniques
CUI Xiaolin, GUI Ling, ZHU Qian, LU Feng
2022, 40(3): 202-207, 253. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202110091
Abstract(7852) HTML (7021) PDF (1597KB)(100)
Abstract:
As an increasingly mature analytical technique, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has the ability to identify, detect, and even quantitatively measure many single substances in nature. However, in the actual sample analysis, the tested samples were often a mixed system of various substances, and it was impossible to accurately characterize the components of the mixed system only by relying on SERS technology. Therefore, SERS combined with other techniques to accurately determine the measured substances has become an inevitable trend. Through the combination, the deficiency of SERS in detection and characterization was improved, and the purpose of efficient, sensitive and accurate determination of substances to be measured was achieved.
Research progress of STAT3 on liver disease
LI Tingting, ZHANG Junping
2022, 40(3): 208-212, 280. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202109072
Abstract(5280) HTML (2556) PDF (1274KB)(57)
Abstract:
Signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3 (STAT3) is an important transcription factor that can be activated by many cytokines and growth factors. STAT3 plays a key role in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. It has been shown that hyperactivation of STAT3 exists in almost all animal models of liver injury and human liver diseases. Therefore, inhibition of STAT3 activation might become a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of acute liver injury and liver fibrosis. The research progress of STAT3 on liver injury, hepatitis, liver regeneration, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were mainly discussed in this review.
Effects of endophytic fungus SH09 on plant growth and accumulation of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza
WU Sijia, XIE Xingguang, YANG Yang, ZHENG Chengjian, HAN Ting
2022, 40(3): 213-217, 269. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202108055
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Abstract:
  Objective  To study the effects of endophytic fungus Epichloë bromicola SH09 on the plant growth and accumulation of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and improve the quality of medicinal plant S. miltiorrhiza.   Methods  E. bromicola SH09 solid bacterial fertilizer was prepared and co-cultured with S. miltiorrhiza for 60 d and 120 d. Four morphological indexes, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, and the contents of four tanshinones and two phenolic acids in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza from treated group and control group were assayed, respectively.   Results  After 60 d and 120 d co-culture, E. Bromicola SH09 significantly increased the tiller number, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, and the content of tanshinones and phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiz.   Conclusion  The endophytic fungus E. bromicola SH09 can effectively promote the plant growth and improve the accumulation of active components in S. miltiorrhiza, which not only broadens the new ecological functions of endophytic fungi, but also improves the quality of medicinal plant S. miltiorrhiza.
Characterization and function of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in hydroxysafflower yellow A biosynthesis pathway
WANG Lunuan, WU Jianhui, HE Beixuan, ZHANG Yanjie, GUO Meili
2022, 40(3): 218-225. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202201061
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the function of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) in safflower flavonoid, especially hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA) biosynthesis.   Methods  SDRs involved in HSYA biosynthesis pathway were screened based on safflower transcriptome database and metabolome database. The expression pattern was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The overexpression vector was constructed by seamless cloning technology, then genetically transformed to the Yunnan Weishan safflower strain by Agrobacterium gv3101. The transgenic T2 generation plants were positively verified, and the gene expression of corolla SDRs was analyzed. The content of secondary metabolites was assayed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.   Results  Three SDRs genes named CtSDR1, CtSDR2 and CtSDR3 involved in HSYA biosynthesis pathway were screened. Their expression in safflower from high to low was corolla > leaf > stem > root. The expression level in corolla increased gradually with corolla development. qRT-PCR analysis of corolla with positive verification of genome insertion sequence showed that the transcription level of CtSDR3 in corolla of T2 positive plants increased by 2~3 times compared with the blank control group, and the content of secondary metabolite HSYA increased by 7.1%~16.6% (P< 0.05).   Conclusion  CtSDR3 may be involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, especially HSYA, in safflower. It provides the support data for explaining the function of CtSDR3 in HSYA biosynthesis pathway.
Long-term protective effects of the nicotiflorin on ischemic stroke rats
YAN Xiaodong, WANG Yeqing, LI Bingfeng, GUO Meili
2022, 40(3): 226-230, 258. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202201080
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  Objective  To investigate the long-term protective effects of the nicotiflorin on ischemic stroke rats.   Methods   Ischemic stroke model in rats was established for this study. The effects of nicotiflorin on long-term survival rate, nervous system function, body weight and brain neurons in rats were observed.   Results  The nicotiflorin had significantly improved the long-term survival rate of cerebral ischemia rats, which also promoted weight gain, alleviated pathological damage of brain tissue, maintained morphology of brain neurons and function of nervous system.   Conclusion  The nicotiflorin has obvious long-term protective effect on ischemic stroke rats and the mechanism may be related to the protection of the structure and function of brain neurons.
Analysis of chemical ingredients of modified Shenqi Dihuang decoction by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS
WAN Zhong, LIU Wangzhenzu, TAN Mingyue, XU Dongliang, HU Cheng, JI Wanli
2022, 40(3): 231-237, 264. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202112054
Abstract(2886) HTML (2165) PDF (1726KB)(19)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the chemical compounds of Shenqi Dihuang decoction by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with linear quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS).   Methods  Warters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used as chromatographic column with mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid water (A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution, and flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. Electrospray ion source (ESI) and an electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass analyzer were adopted, which was used to collect mass spectrometry fragment information with positive and negative ion modes, by comparing with the relative retention time of the reference substance. In addition, the fragment information of the mass spectrum was used to identify the compounds. The accurate identification of the chemical components in Shenqi Dihuang decoction was confirmed with literature.   Results  The study found that UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology could be used to identify 62 chemical components, including 13 aromatic acids, 9 flavonoids, 8 saponins, and 5 aromatic amines, 3 keto acids, 2 phenols, 1 aromatic quinone and other ingredients in Shenqi Dihuang decoction.   Conclusion  The identification analysis method in this study was efficient and accurate, which could be applied to the identification and analysis of chemical components in Shenqi Dihuang decoction and provided the important experimental data for the research on the material basis and mechanism.
Safety pharmacological study of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine
REN Lijun, GU Jing, SHI Wenjing, WANG Ruina, ZHANG Xiaofang, CHEN Jikuai
2022, 40(3): 238-242, 285. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202105115
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Abstract:
  Objective   To provide the reference resource for the safe clinical use of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine by observing its effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system in experimental animals.   Methods   Single dose of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine was given to animals orally. The effects on climbing ability of mice and blood pressure, electrocardiogram, respiration rate and amplitude in beagle dogs were observed and recorded.   Results   With the dosage of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine (diphenhydramine hydrochloride / caffeine ratio is 1/2.4) at 51, 102, 204 mg/kg, there was no significant effect on the climbing ability in mice. With the dosages of 14.2, 28.3, 56.6 mg/kg for male Beagle dogs and 5.66, 14.2, 28.3 mg/kg for female Beagle dogs, no significant effects were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, ECG(P wave, R wave , T wave, QRS time, PR interval, QT interval), respiratory rate and amplitude.   Conclusion   Under the experimental conditions, single oral dose of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine has no significant effect on the nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system in experimental animals. Those results suggest that the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine is a safe agent for clinical use.
Determination of total polyphenols and catechins in betel nut polyphenol extract
MA Jianghong, WANG Rong, DU Xing, ZHAO Anpeng, WANG Zihan, ZHANG Haobo
2022, 40(3): 243-247. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202106013
Abstract(3501) HTML (1564) PDF (1056KB)(21)
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  Objective   To establish a method for the determination of total polyphenols and catechins in betel nut polyphenols extract, and provide reference for the quality control of betel nut polyphenols extract.   Methods   The content of total phenol in betel nut extract was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The content of catechins was determined by HPLC.   Results   The linear range of total polyphenols in betel nuts extract was 9.8~58.8 μg/ml. The three components of catechin, epicatechin and protocatechuic acid were completely separated by HPLC, and the linear relationship was good in their respective ranges, with the recoveries between 99.17% and 101.67%, the RSD between 1.2% and 2.5%.   Conclusion   The established method is simple, stable and reliable, which could be used for the quantitative analysis of betel polyphenol extract, and provide experimental basis for the quality control of betel polyphenol extract.
Hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose combined with phenformin induces cell apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer
YE Linlan, HE Chunhui, ZHU Xuting, LI Xia
2022, 40(3): 248-253. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202103045
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  Objective   To investigate the effect of phenformin combined with hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) on the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines 4T1 and MDA-MB-231.   Methods   Following treatment with phenformin, 2-DG or phenformin combined with 2-DG on 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells for 48 h, the cell proliferation in each group was detected by SRB and the apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry. The concentration of glucose and lactic acid in cell culture supernatant was detected by ELISA. The activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ was detected by FlexStation3 and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) was assayed with the Seahorse X Fe Analyzer.   Results   The hexokinase expression (4.6±0.17,3.73±0.21), glucose consumption (356±31, 397±42) μg/105 cells , Lactic acid concentration (5.59±0.52, 7.83±0.78) μmol/L in the supernatant of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells in Phenformin group were higher than that in control group ( 1±0.15, 1±0.12 ) , ( 289±25, 301±32) μg/105cells , ( 2.37±0.18, 4.01±0.45) μmol/L (P < 0.01). Even if the dose was reduced by 90%, the cell viability of phenformin combined with 2-DG group (64.63±2.28, 51.97±2.29) % was still higher than that of phenformin group (86.70±1.83, 85.53±1.46) % (P<0.001). The combination of the two drugs significantly promoted the apoptosis of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231. In addition, compared with the phenformin group (5.59±0.52, 7.83±0.78) μmol/L, the phenformin combined with 2-DG group (3.46±0.37, 5.18±0.62) μmol/L cell lactic acid production also greatly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the phenformin or 2-DG single-drug group, the phenformin combined with 2-DG group can significantly inhibit the growth rate of tumors in tumor-bearing mice (P<0.01). The median survival time of tumor-bearing mice in the phenformin combined with 2-DG group was 72.5 d, which was higher than that in the phenformin group 57 d and 2-DG group 55.5 d (P<0.01).   Conclusion   Hexokinase inhibitor 2-DG significantly enhances the therapeutic effects of phenformin on triple-negative breast cancer cells.
Mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn on liver injury based on bioinformatics
YU Dan, CHI Xiaowei
2022, 40(3): 254-258. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202103054
Abstract(4250) HTML (1993) PDF (1269KB)(36)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the mechanism of Psoralea corylifolia Linn (PCL) on liver injury by establishing the biological function and pathway network of PCL components, targets and protein interactions based on bioinformatics.   Methods  The components of PCL and potential liver-injury related targets were collected from TCMIP database. The targets of PCL were predicted by the reverse pharmacophore matching method. Cytoscape software was applied for the construction of active components-targets network map. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to predict the liver injury mechanism of PCL.   Results  22 components were identified from PCL with the corresponding 31 potential liver injury targets, mainly on serum albumin (ALB), glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1), transthyretin (TTR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) by PPI network analysis. The chemical carcinogenesis, adenosine 5 '- monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal, PPAR signal, liver enzyme P450 and its harmful substance metabolism, glutathione metabolism and other signaling pathways were selected by KEGG analysis.   Conclusion  The active components of PCL may target on ALB, GSTP1, TTR and PPARG to regulate AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways, leading to liver injury.
Effect of traditional Chinese medicine Syngnathus on D-galactose-induced learning and memory impairment in aging mice
ZHANG Jingwen, HE Xuhui, XIA Tianshuang, JIANG Yiping, XIN Hailiang
2022, 40(3): 259-264. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202201074
Abstract(4073) HTML (2000) PDF (2401KB)(17)
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine, Syngnathus on learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in aging mice and its mechanism of action.  Methods  HPLC was used to determine the content of DHA, the active ingredient in anti-learning and memory impairment in Syngnathus. The aging mouse model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (D-gal). Morris water maze test and Western blot were used to detect the ability of learning and memory, biochemical indicators and protein expression related to oxidative damage in the hippocampus, and to explore the protective effect and mechanism of Syngnathus on learning and memory impairment in aging mice.  Results  HPLC results showed that the DHA content in Syngnathus was 7.761 3 mg/g (calculated as crude drug), accounting for about 47% of the total composition. Morris water maze results showed that Syngnathus could reduce the escape latency of learning and memory-impaired aging mice and increase the target quadrant swimming time, the proportion of swimming distance and the number of times of crossing the platform, and improve the learning and memory impairment of mice. In addition, Syngnathus can activate the AKT/FOXO1/SOD2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of aging mice with learning and memory impairment, promote the expression of oxidative stress pathway-related proteins, and improve the learning and memory impairment in aging mice by reducing the degree of oxidative damage in the hippocampus of aging mice.  Conclusion  This study found that Syngnathus is rich in DHA, which has the effect of improving learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in aging mice, and preliminarily clarified that its mechanism of action is related to anti-oxidation. Experimental evidence is provided.
The standard specification of microscopic identification of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition
LU Lun, ZHANG Chengzhong
2022, 40(3): 265-269. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202103079
Abstract(5231) HTML (2847) PDF (965KB)(30)
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  Objective  To improve the standardization and legitimacy of the quality control for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by analyzing the microscopic identification quality standard of TCM in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition (Volume 1).   Methods   Through the analysis of the standard items of microscopic identification in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition (Volume1), the problems in the standard was summarized and classified , and suggestions for revision were provided.   Results   The standardization and consistency have the room to improve in TCM microscopic identification standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (Volume 1).   Conclusion   The TCM microscopic identification standard needs to be improved, and the formulation for the standard should be more specific and practical.
Quality standard improvement study of ginkgo semen decoction pieces
TU Yan, DONG Zhiying, HUANG Mengqiu, TAN Jingfu, CHEN Weixu, SUN Lianna
2022, 40(3): 270-273. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202103007
Abstract(6788) HTML (1665) PDF (948KB)(25)
Abstract:
  Objective   To establish and improve the quality standard of ginkgo semen decoction pieces.   Methods   The morphological character for 29 batches of ginkgo gemen and 12 batches of stir-fried ginkgo gemen were observed, and the moisture contents were assayed using the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the first supplement.   Results   The character of ginkgo gemen and stir-fried ginkgo gemen were consistent in different batches. The moisture content of ginkgo gemen was 8.8% to 12.2%, with an average of 10.5%. The moisture content of stir-fried ginkgo gemen was from 5.4% to 12.3%, with an average of 8.9%. Considering that ginkgo semen decoction pieces are stored for a long time, they are prone to the attack of mildew and insects, and the moisture limit is set to be no more than 10.0% in ginkgo gemen and stir-fried ginkgo.   Conclusion   Compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the first supplement, the character identification for ginkgo semen decoction pieces was added and the quality standards were improved. The moisture content of ginkgo semen decoction pieces needs to be strictly controlled under 10.0% to prevent mildew and insects.
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride asaay in compound diphenhydramine cream by HPLC
LU Songwei, LUO Jinqian, YU Huihua, CHEN Fangjian
2022, 40(3): 274-276. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202102016
Abstract(3000) HTML (1105) PDF (906KB)(30)
Abstract:
  Objective  To establish the HPLC method of assay for diphenhydramine hydrochloride in compound diphenhydramine cream.   Method   HPLC analysis was carried on ACE5C18S/N-A66766 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) with the mobile phase of methanol-water-triethylamine (70:30:0.67, adjusting pH to 6.50 with phosphoric acid) at room temperature. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The analyte was extracted from the cream and 20 μl of sample was injected.   Results  The calibration curve of diphenhydramine hydrochloride was linear in the range of 39.52-197.6 µg/ml (r=0.999 7). The average recovery of diphenhydramine hydrochloride was 100.5% (RSD=1.25%, n=9). The repeatability of the method was expressed using RSD with 0.78% (n=6). The results of assay were 101.3%, 99.83% and 99.62%.   Conclusion   The method is accurate, sensitive, selective and repeatable, which can be applied for improving the quality standard of compound diphenhydramine cream.
Interaction between cyclosporine A and voriconazole in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
WANG Yani, WU Di, RAO Zhi, LI Maoxing, XI Rui, REN Jun
2022, 40(3): 277-280. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202111056
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between intravenous voriconazole (VRZ) and intravenous cyclosporine (CsA) in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) and provide an individualized and accurate clinical drug delivery.   Methods  In a self-contrast study, Allo-HSCT patients from January 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were treated with CsA and VRZ successively and the blood concentration of CsA and VRZ before and after 5-7 days of VRZ administration were determined with LC-MS/MS. The correlation between the concentration of VRZ and concentration/dose (C/D) ratio of CsA was analyzed with SPSS20.0.   Results  A total of 15 patients with ALLo-HSCT were enrolled. Wilcoxon sign rank sum test was used to compare the change of median C/D of CsA before and after VRZ administration, which had shown significant difference (P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis was conducted on the increase of C/D ratio between VRZ and CsA, which had no significant correlation between them (ρ=−0.273, P=0.32).   Conclusions  There was obvious drug-drug interaction (DDI) between CsA and VRZ. VRZ increased CsA blood concentration significantly, but there was no significant correlation between VRZ blood concentration and the degree of concentration increase, which might be related to individual difference.
Study on the rules of traditional Chinese medicine to promote wound healing based on data mining
LEI Zhongwei, DU Jie, SUN Hongyi, GU Qinwufeng, LI Bai, YANG Yanlong
2022, 40(3): 281-285. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202104099
Abstract(3924) HTML (1692) PDF (1059KB)(31)
Abstract:
  Objective   To provide new ideas for promoting wound healing by digging and sorting out the medication rules in ancient classics and modern literatures.   Methods   The prescriptions for promoting wound healing recorded in literatures were collected to establish the database. The data mining technology was used for the analysis.   Results   75 prescriptions and 203 traditional Chinese medicines were recorded in the ancient TCM literatures for promoting wound healing. The core medicines included frankincense, liquorice, angelica sinensis, angelica dahuricae, cortex phellodendri, myrrh, etc. They mainly belong to the class of clearing-heat drugs, promoting-circulation drugs, reinforcing drugs, relieving drugs, detoxification and tissue granulation drugs. Cluster analysis and association rule analysis were conducted for 16 core drugs. 4 cluster combinations ,15 groups of drug pairs and drug group association rules were obtained.   Conclusion   The prescription rules for wound healing mainly included clearing heat, promoting circulation, reinforcing, relieving, detoxification, and promoting tissue granulation. TCM wound treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation for fever, blood stasis, deficiency, anabrosis, exterior syndrome and poisoning.
The pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for a foot injury patient with postoperative MRSA infection
LUO Jingjing, WU Xinan, XUE Gang, XIE Zhengdong, YE Jianbo, RONG Chengting
2022, 40(3): 286-288. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.1006-0111.202102004
Abstract(8634) HTML (2528) PDF (884KB)(69)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the clinical pharmacist’s role in drug therapy and monitoring for the patient with postoperative MRSA infection.   Methods  Clinical pharmacists participated in planning anti-infective treatment, antimicrobial medication selection, identification of high-risk factors for MRSA infection, evaluation of vancomycin efficacy, dosage adjustment using TDM technology, monitoring and management of vancomycin adverse reactions.  Results  With the pharmaceutical care provided by clinical pharmacists, the patient received effective treatment with minimal vancomycin-related adverse reactions.   Conclusion  Clinical pharmacists played an important role in accelerating patient recovery by rational and safe medication use.