2012 Vol. 30, No. 5
Display Method:
2012, 30(5): 321-325.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.001
Abstract:
With the continuous development of biotechnology technology, microbial transformation gradually was applied to the study of natural products. The specific effective reactions, mild reaction conditions and high yield of the microbial transformation were outlined in this paper. The applications were reviewed in the microbial transformation of natural products in recent five years, especially in anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and glycosides. The developments of microbial transformation were prospected.
With the continuous development of biotechnology technology, microbial transformation gradually was applied to the study of natural products. The specific effective reactions, mild reaction conditions and high yield of the microbial transformation were outlined in this paper. The applications were reviewed in the microbial transformation of natural products in recent five years, especially in anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and glycosides. The developments of microbial transformation were prospected.
2012, 30(5): 326-330,343.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.002
Abstract:
Pulsatile drug delivery system developed quickly with the further study of chronobiology and chronopharmacology, which controled drug release and dosage by the method of formulation, and could coordinate the change of physiological rhythm, furthermore ensure efficacy and reduce adverse reaction. The characteristics and drug release mechanism of pulsatile drug delivery system were introduced and the clinical applications of pulsatile drug delivery system in recent years were discussed.
Pulsatile drug delivery system developed quickly with the further study of chronobiology and chronopharmacology, which controled drug release and dosage by the method of formulation, and could coordinate the change of physiological rhythm, furthermore ensure efficacy and reduce adverse reaction. The characteristics and drug release mechanism of pulsatile drug delivery system were introduced and the clinical applications of pulsatile drug delivery system in recent years were discussed.
2012, 30(5): 331-333,368.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.003
Abstract:
Objective To review the latest research progress of the solid lipid nano-particle. Methods Domestic and foreign representative literature information of solid lipid nano-particles and its application were analyzed and summarized. Results Many kinds of preparation methods of solid lipid nano-particle had advantages and disadvantages, the high pressure homogenization technique and micro-emulsion method were recommended. Adjusting preparation parameters could be adjusted drug encapsulation efficiency and drug delivering curve. Conclusion Solid lipid nano-particle was a kind of excellent performance, which could be promising new drug delivery system.
Objective To review the latest research progress of the solid lipid nano-particle. Methods Domestic and foreign representative literature information of solid lipid nano-particles and its application were analyzed and summarized. Results Many kinds of preparation methods of solid lipid nano-particle had advantages and disadvantages, the high pressure homogenization technique and micro-emulsion method were recommended. Adjusting preparation parameters could be adjusted drug encapsulation efficiency and drug delivering curve. Conclusion Solid lipid nano-particle was a kind of excellent performance, which could be promising new drug delivery system.
2012, 30(5): 334-335,360.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.004
Abstract:
Naphthoquinones were widely distributed in some traditional medicine plants. Shikonin, juglone, lawsone, plumbagin were naturally occurring naphthoquinones of the traditional medicine plant. The research results indicated that naphthoquinones and naphthoquinones derivatives had widely antimicrobial activities including antibacterial, antimycotic, virucidal and antiparasitic activities.
Naphthoquinones were widely distributed in some traditional medicine plants. Shikonin, juglone, lawsone, plumbagin were naturally occurring naphthoquinones of the traditional medicine plant. The research results indicated that naphthoquinones and naphthoquinones derivatives had widely antimicrobial activities including antibacterial, antimycotic, virucidal and antiparasitic activities.
2012, 30(5): 336-339.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.005
Abstract:
Lopinavir was widely used as a second generation protease inhibitor in AIDS therapy, which was quickly metabolized by CYP3A4. For individual variance might lead to different metabolism, it was important to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of lopinavir and learn the relationship between drug concentration and curative effect or adverse reactions. The methods for determining lopinavir concentration and the progress of pharmacokinetic research were reviewed in this paper which might offer some help for treatment drug monitoring (TDM) and personalized dosage research.
Lopinavir was widely used as a second generation protease inhibitor in AIDS therapy, which was quickly metabolized by CYP3A4. For individual variance might lead to different metabolism, it was important to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of lopinavir and learn the relationship between drug concentration and curative effect or adverse reactions. The methods for determining lopinavir concentration and the progress of pharmacokinetic research were reviewed in this paper which might offer some help for treatment drug monitoring (TDM) and personalized dosage research.
2012, 30(5): 340-343.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.006
Abstract:
To build a effective method to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TMC was a main problem in TMC quality control system.The TMC quality affected the clinical curative effect directely, which was the bottle neck of the TMC modernization according to the deficiency of an objective and scientific quality control standard. The preparation method would affect the quality of TCM and the key link was extraction and purification.The application of fingerprint-efficacy in optimizing the extraction and purification method of TCM and its effect on quality control of TCM were reviewed in this paper.
To build a effective method to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TMC was a main problem in TMC quality control system.The TMC quality affected the clinical curative effect directely, which was the bottle neck of the TMC modernization according to the deficiency of an objective and scientific quality control standard. The preparation method would affect the quality of TCM and the key link was extraction and purification.The application of fingerprint-efficacy in optimizing the extraction and purification method of TCM and its effect on quality control of TCM were reviewed in this paper.
2012, 30(5): 344-347.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.007
Abstract:
Objective To synthesize the geometric isomer of (E)-1-((4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorostyryl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, determine their structures by XRD and evaluate their antifungal activities in vitro. Methods The target compounds were prepared from 1H-1, 2, 4-triazole and 2-chloro-2',4'-difluoroacetophenone, the key oxirane intermediate was obtained by Corey-Chaykov-asky epoxidation. The key oxirane intermediate was hydrolyzed in the presence of 9% sulphuric acid,then the product was reacted with 4-Fluorocinnamaldehyde by condensation reaction to afford 6Ka and 6Kb. Their structures were charact-erized by 1H NMR,MS and XRD. Results Compound 6Ka belonged to monoclinic crystal system, space group P2(1)/c and had a cis configuration. While Compound 6Kb belonged to monoclinic crystal system, space group P2(1)/n and had a trans configuration.Both compounds which showed strong antifungal activities in vitro against five fungis. The antifungal activities of compound 6Kb was better than that of 6Ka. Conclusion The trans configuration of this kind had a predominant in vitro antifungal activities than the corresponding cis configuration.
Objective To synthesize the geometric isomer of (E)-1-((4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorostyryl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, determine their structures by XRD and evaluate their antifungal activities in vitro. Methods The target compounds were prepared from 1H-1, 2, 4-triazole and 2-chloro-2',4'-difluoroacetophenone, the key oxirane intermediate was obtained by Corey-Chaykov-asky epoxidation. The key oxirane intermediate was hydrolyzed in the presence of 9% sulphuric acid,then the product was reacted with 4-Fluorocinnamaldehyde by condensation reaction to afford 6Ka and 6Kb. Their structures were charact-erized by 1H NMR,MS and XRD. Results Compound 6Ka belonged to monoclinic crystal system, space group P2(1)/c and had a cis configuration. While Compound 6Kb belonged to monoclinic crystal system, space group P2(1)/n and had a trans configuration.Both compounds which showed strong antifungal activities in vitro against five fungis. The antifungal activities of compound 6Kb was better than that of 6Ka. Conclusion The trans configuration of this kind had a predominant in vitro antifungal activities than the corresponding cis configuration.
2012, 30(5): 348-350.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.008
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the matrix formulation of Huoxuetongluo cataplasmata. Methods The optimal preparation was selected by L16 (45) orthogonal design. The adhering potential, fissility, ability to spread out, homogeneity, ability pasting to skin and recontourity were used as indexes. Results The optimal matrix formulation was water:glycerine:gelatin:sodium polyacrylate:sodium carboxymethycellulose:polyvinylpyrrolidone=6.0:4.0:1.6:0.4:0.3. Conclusion The optimal matrix formulation was practical and economical which was compatible with Huoxuetongluo medicine.
Objective To optimize the matrix formulation of Huoxuetongluo cataplasmata. Methods The optimal preparation was selected by L16 (45) orthogonal design. The adhering potential, fissility, ability to spread out, homogeneity, ability pasting to skin and recontourity were used as indexes. Results The optimal matrix formulation was water:glycerine:gelatin:sodium polyacrylate:sodium carboxymethycellulose:polyvinylpyrrolidone=6.0:4.0:1.6:0.4:0.3. Conclusion The optimal matrix formulation was practical and economical which was compatible with Huoxuetongluo medicine.
2012, 30(5): 351-352,386.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.009
Abstract:
To establish a HPLC fingerprint method for Semen Sojae Preparatumto quality control. Methods HPLC analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was used in gradient elution consisted of methanol-water(3% acetic acid),the flow rate was 1.0 ml /min, column temperature was 30℃ and UV detected was set at 261 nm,the sample weight:10 μl. Results The compound composition of different SSP origins was obviously comparable, which could be determined by HPLC fingerprint of the SSP. Conclusion This method could be utilized as a quality control measurement for SSP.
To establish a HPLC fingerprint method for Semen Sojae Preparatumto quality control. Methods HPLC analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was used in gradient elution consisted of methanol-water(3% acetic acid),the flow rate was 1.0 ml /min, column temperature was 30℃ and UV detected was set at 261 nm,the sample weight:10 μl. Results The compound composition of different SSP origins was obviously comparable, which could be determined by HPLC fingerprint of the SSP. Conclusion This method could be utilized as a quality control measurement for SSP.
2012, 30(5): 353-356.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.010
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the chemical components of the essential oil from Fuzhengpingxiao capsule by GC-MS. Methods The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation,the chemical components of the essential oil were detected by GC-MS.Peaks and their corresponding compounds were identified through database index. Results 73 chief components from the compound preparation were identified, and the resource herb medicine of 48 components were indicated. Conclusion This study served as a scientific basis for quality control and further clinical research of Fuzhengpingxiao capsule.
Objective To analyze the chemical components of the essential oil from Fuzhengpingxiao capsule by GC-MS. Methods The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation,the chemical components of the essential oil were detected by GC-MS.Peaks and their corresponding compounds were identified through database index. Results 73 chief components from the compound preparation were identified, and the resource herb medicine of 48 components were indicated. Conclusion This study served as a scientific basis for quality control and further clinical research of Fuzhengpingxiao capsule.
2012, 30(5): 357-360.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.011
Abstract:
Objective To study the effect of Fructus Mume(FM) on superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in ulcerative colitis in mouse. Methods The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was set up by giving 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) solution to the mouse as free drinking water, the normal group, model group were given 0.33 ml 0.9%Nacl, while FM high, middle and low dose groups were given the designed dosage by intragastric administration once a day, and last for 10 days. The occult blood test, observation of stool and the disease activity score (DAI) were observed. The colonic tissue morphology score was observed by visual inspection combined with microscope;SOD activity and MDA content of the lesions colon tissue were determined. Results The groups of FM high and middle dose had loose stools but no visible blood. DAI of all groups had decreased. There was significant difference (P< 0.01) in DAI between middle and high dose groups with model group. In the colonic mucosal pathological changes, FM high dose group had no severe mucosal erosion, ulcer, mucosal hyperemia and edema degree of light. In the determination of the activity of SOD value, FM high dose group, compared with the model group was significant difference (P< 0.01), higher than that in the model group. FM middle dose group compared with the normal group was significant difference (P< 0.05). There were no significant difference between FM high dose group and normal group. The measured MDA content, FM high dose group compared with the model group was significant difference (P< 0.01), which was lower than that in the model group. Conclusions Free radicals were closely related to UC colonic tissue damage, which participated in UC pathological process. FM had obvious therapeutic effect on UC, and it might play a therapeutic role by enhancing the lesion tissue SOD activity and lower MDA content in UC.
Objective To study the effect of Fructus Mume(FM) on superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in ulcerative colitis in mouse. Methods The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was set up by giving 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) solution to the mouse as free drinking water, the normal group, model group were given 0.33 ml 0.9%Nacl, while FM high, middle and low dose groups were given the designed dosage by intragastric administration once a day, and last for 10 days. The occult blood test, observation of stool and the disease activity score (DAI) were observed. The colonic tissue morphology score was observed by visual inspection combined with microscope;SOD activity and MDA content of the lesions colon tissue were determined. Results The groups of FM high and middle dose had loose stools but no visible blood. DAI of all groups had decreased. There was significant difference (P< 0.01) in DAI between middle and high dose groups with model group. In the colonic mucosal pathological changes, FM high dose group had no severe mucosal erosion, ulcer, mucosal hyperemia and edema degree of light. In the determination of the activity of SOD value, FM high dose group, compared with the model group was significant difference (P< 0.01), higher than that in the model group. FM middle dose group compared with the normal group was significant difference (P< 0.05). There were no significant difference between FM high dose group and normal group. The measured MDA content, FM high dose group compared with the model group was significant difference (P< 0.01), which was lower than that in the model group. Conclusions Free radicals were closely related to UC colonic tissue damage, which participated in UC pathological process. FM had obvious therapeutic effect on UC, and it might play a therapeutic role by enhancing the lesion tissue SOD activity and lower MDA content in UC.
2012, 30(5): 361-364.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.012
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the lever and dynamics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the patients after hepatectomy, so as to provide some references for the treatment of preventing SIRS and decrease of infection rate. Methods The occurrence of SIRS on patients of hepatectomy in single treatment group nearly 4 years were surveyed byretrospective analysis. Results The rate of SIRS was 96.98% in the 232 cases of hepatectomy. SIRS severity occurred gradually declined with the extension of treatment after surgery. The SIRS Peak after surgery was correlated with maximum tumor diameter and cirrhosis of liver on primary liver cancer group. There was no comparability between the SIRS Score and antibiotics combined with double or triple. Conclusions The application of SIRS Score and early detection of SIRS was a certain clinical significance to improve the cure rate of liver resection and reduce infection rates.
Objective To analyze the lever and dynamics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the patients after hepatectomy, so as to provide some references for the treatment of preventing SIRS and decrease of infection rate. Methods The occurrence of SIRS on patients of hepatectomy in single treatment group nearly 4 years were surveyed byretrospective analysis. Results The rate of SIRS was 96.98% in the 232 cases of hepatectomy. SIRS severity occurred gradually declined with the extension of treatment after surgery. The SIRS Peak after surgery was correlated with maximum tumor diameter and cirrhosis of liver on primary liver cancer group. There was no comparability between the SIRS Score and antibiotics combined with double or triple. Conclusions The application of SIRS Score and early detection of SIRS was a certain clinical significance to improve the cure rate of liver resection and reduce infection rates.
2012, 30(5): 365-368.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.013
Abstract:
Objective To study the stability of compatibility of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate with four different transfusions for 6 hours at room temperature. Methods The content and related substances of carbazochrome sodium for sulfonate injection in four mixture were determined by UV spectrophotometric and HPLC. The appearance and pH values were determined. Results TThe results showed that there was no significant changes after matching in the appearance, pH values, content and related substances for 6 hours at room temperature. Conclusion Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate for injection could be combined with 5% glucose injection, 10% glucose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, glucose and sodium choloride injection.
Objective To study the stability of compatibility of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate with four different transfusions for 6 hours at room temperature. Methods The content and related substances of carbazochrome sodium for sulfonate injection in four mixture were determined by UV spectrophotometric and HPLC. The appearance and pH values were determined. Results TThe results showed that there was no significant changes after matching in the appearance, pH values, content and related substances for 6 hours at room temperature. Conclusion Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate for injection could be combined with 5% glucose injection, 10% glucose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, glucose and sodium choloride injection.
2012, 30(5): 369-371,375.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.014
Abstract:
Objective To prepare Garcinia glycosides sustained-release tables and study their in vitro release characteristics. Methods Garcinia glycosides sustained-release tablets were prepared by hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as gel matrix material and ethyl cellulose (EC) as skeleton material. Factors influencing the release rate of Garcinia glycosides from the sustained-release tablets, such as pH of release medium, skeleton material and amount of HPMC, porogen of type and amount, and tabletting pressure, were studied. Results Garcinia glycosides release rate was controlled obviously by the specifications and amount of skeleton material and porogen type. While the influence of pH, speed and tabletting pressure had certain influences to the release rate. Conclusion The selected formulation of Garcinia glycosides sustained-release tablets was reasonable with good controllability and reproducibility.
Objective To prepare Garcinia glycosides sustained-release tables and study their in vitro release characteristics. Methods Garcinia glycosides sustained-release tablets were prepared by hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as gel matrix material and ethyl cellulose (EC) as skeleton material. Factors influencing the release rate of Garcinia glycosides from the sustained-release tablets, such as pH of release medium, skeleton material and amount of HPMC, porogen of type and amount, and tabletting pressure, were studied. Results Garcinia glycosides release rate was controlled obviously by the specifications and amount of skeleton material and porogen type. While the influence of pH, speed and tabletting pressure had certain influences to the release rate. Conclusion The selected formulation of Garcinia glycosides sustained-release tablets was reasonable with good controllability and reproducibility.
2012, 30(5): 372-375.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.015
Abstract:
Objective To determine Sparfloxacin concentrations in human plasma and study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of Sparfloxacin for Suspension. Methods A single dose reference and test was given to 20 healthy volunteers in a randomized 2-way cross-over study. The plasma Sparfloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics as well as relative bioavailability was measured. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of two formulations, Sparfloxacin in test and reference drug were as follows:tmax were (4.68±0.44)and(4.55±0.51)h;Cmax were(1 560.4±243.9)and(1 584.1±273.9)ng/ml;t1/2 were(20.92±4.85)and (19.81±3.75)h;AUC0-t were (43 325±12 174)and(44 139±11 815)ng·h/ml;AUC0-∞ were(45 452±12 884)and(45 999±12 629)ng·h/ml respectively. Using DASS program, the results of variance and two one-sided t-test statistical analyses for Ln Cmax. Two formulations were bioequivalent. Conclusion The reference and test Sparfloxacin were bioequivalent.
Objective To determine Sparfloxacin concentrations in human plasma and study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of Sparfloxacin for Suspension. Methods A single dose reference and test was given to 20 healthy volunteers in a randomized 2-way cross-over study. The plasma Sparfloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetics as well as relative bioavailability was measured. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of two formulations, Sparfloxacin in test and reference drug were as follows:tmax were (4.68±0.44)and(4.55±0.51)h;Cmax were(1 560.4±243.9)and(1 584.1±273.9)ng/ml;t1/2 were(20.92±4.85)and (19.81±3.75)h;AUC0-t were (43 325±12 174)and(44 139±11 815)ng·h/ml;AUC0-∞ were(45 452±12 884)and(45 999±12 629)ng·h/ml respectively. Using DASS program, the results of variance and two one-sided t-test statistical analyses for Ln Cmax. Two formulations were bioequivalent. Conclusion The reference and test Sparfloxacin were bioequivalent.
2012, 30(5): 376-377,383.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.016
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for tetrahydropalmatine in Lianlian capsule. Method The determination method of Lianlian capsule was carried out by HPLC, which quantitative index was represented with tetrahydropalmatine. Result The calibration curves was linear in the rage of 7.908~158.06 μg/ml for tetrahydropalmatine. The average recovery was 96.18 %(RSD 1.2%). Conclusion The method was exclusive, accurate and reliable, which could be used for improvement of quality control in Lianlian capsule.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for tetrahydropalmatine in Lianlian capsule. Method The determination method of Lianlian capsule was carried out by HPLC, which quantitative index was represented with tetrahydropalmatine. Result The calibration curves was linear in the rage of 7.908~158.06 μg/ml for tetrahydropalmatine. The average recovery was 96.18 %(RSD 1.2%). Conclusion The method was exclusive, accurate and reliable, which could be used for improvement of quality control in Lianlian capsule.
2012, 30(5): 378-379,389.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.017
Abstract:
To established the HPLC method for simultaneously determination of quercitin and quercitrin in Polygonum hydropiper Linn. Methods A VertiSep GES C18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)column was adopted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water(19:81) at the flow rate of 1 ml/min and the column temperature was set at 30℃.The detection wavelength was 350 nm. Results The linear range of quercitin and quercitrin was 4.827~80.455 μg／ml(r=0.999 9, n=5) and 2.934~48.900 μg/ml (r=0.999 7, n=5), respectively, and the average recovery(n=9) was 97.98%,98.29%, RSD was 1.91%,1.84% respectively. Conclusions The method was accurate, simple, reproducible, and could be used to determine the contents of quercitin and quercitrin in Polygonum hydropiper Linn.
To established the HPLC method for simultaneously determination of quercitin and quercitrin in Polygonum hydropiper Linn. Methods A VertiSep GES C18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)column was adopted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water(19:81) at the flow rate of 1 ml/min and the column temperature was set at 30℃.The detection wavelength was 350 nm. Results The linear range of quercitin and quercitrin was 4.827~80.455 μg／ml(r=0.999 9, n=5) and 2.934~48.900 μg/ml (r=0.999 7, n=5), respectively, and the average recovery(n=9) was 97.98%,98.29%, RSD was 1.91%,1.84% respectively. Conclusions The method was accurate, simple, reproducible, and could be used to determine the contents of quercitin and quercitrin in Polygonum hydropiper Linn.
2012, 30(5): 380-383.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.018
Abstract:
Objective To analyze several adverse drug reaction monitoring methods in home and aboard. Methods Literature analysis and system analysis method were used to illustrate a series of calculation methods in signal extraction of adverse drug reaction. Results China had gradually begun to use different signal monitoring algorithms to detect adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals. Conclusion Medication safety issue still needed to be paid close attention to in current and future, and drug safety monitoring was mainly through the post-marketing adverse signal monitoring to achieve. Different data mining algorithms for relevant signal monitoring at home and in abroad were summarized, which would provide reference for our adverse drug reaction signal processing, and do good to the drug safety alert.
Objective To analyze several adverse drug reaction monitoring methods in home and aboard. Methods Literature analysis and system analysis method were used to illustrate a series of calculation methods in signal extraction of adverse drug reaction. Results China had gradually begun to use different signal monitoring algorithms to detect adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals. Conclusion Medication safety issue still needed to be paid close attention to in current and future, and drug safety monitoring was mainly through the post-marketing adverse signal monitoring to achieve. Different data mining algorithms for relevant signal monitoring at home and in abroad were summarized, which would provide reference for our adverse drug reaction signal processing, and do good to the drug safety alert.
2012, 30(5): 384-386.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.019
Abstract:
Objective To grasp current status of irrational prescriptions in outpatient department of our hospital and to promote clinically rational use of drugs. Method Based on the irrational prescription criteria taken from management of prescriptions and standard procedure on prescriptions evaluation, the irrational prescriptions in the period between January to December of 2011 from the outpatient department were retrospectively studied and analyzed. Results 965 prescriptions were irrational;521 (53.98%) were irregular prescriptions. 376 (38.94%) were unsuitable prescriptions;68 (7.05%) were over-prescribed. Conclusion Prescription evaluation should be enhanced, knowledge on rational use of drugs should be strengthened, which would improve the standard of clinical medication.
Objective To grasp current status of irrational prescriptions in outpatient department of our hospital and to promote clinically rational use of drugs. Method Based on the irrational prescription criteria taken from management of prescriptions and standard procedure on prescriptions evaluation, the irrational prescriptions in the period between January to December of 2011 from the outpatient department were retrospectively studied and analyzed. Results 965 prescriptions were irrational;521 (53.98%) were irregular prescriptions. 376 (38.94%) were unsuitable prescriptions;68 (7.05%) were over-prescribed. Conclusion Prescription evaluation should be enhanced, knowledge on rational use of drugs should be strengthened, which would improve the standard of clinical medication.
2012, 30(5): 387-389.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.020
Abstract:
Objective To analyse the quality issues of preparation in Jinan Military Region and improve the quality of preparation in medical institutions. Methods According to the 2007~2011 inspection records and the test results, the main quality problems of the preparation of medical institutions was summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 1 177 batches of preparation were inspected, among which 45 batches were unqualified, involving 15 kinds of formulations. Among the 56 unqualified projects, unqualified in Microbe Restriction Test was the most (39.29%)of the total, followed by unqualified in Assay (16.07%) and Loading Capacity (14.29%) with 6 kinds of unqualified reasons. Conclusions Aiming at the unqualified reasons, the medical institutions should further optimize the technology and processes and strict compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice to improve the quality standards of preparation and guarantee that the safe and effective medication of the masses and the officers and soldiers.
Objective To analyse the quality issues of preparation in Jinan Military Region and improve the quality of preparation in medical institutions. Methods According to the 2007~2011 inspection records and the test results, the main quality problems of the preparation of medical institutions was summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 1 177 batches of preparation were inspected, among which 45 batches were unqualified, involving 15 kinds of formulations. Among the 56 unqualified projects, unqualified in Microbe Restriction Test was the most (39.29%)of the total, followed by unqualified in Assay (16.07%) and Loading Capacity (14.29%) with 6 kinds of unqualified reasons. Conclusions Aiming at the unqualified reasons, the medical institutions should further optimize the technology and processes and strict compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice to improve the quality standards of preparation and guarantee that the safe and effective medication of the masses and the officers and soldiers.
2012, 30(5): 390-391,398.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.021
Abstract:
The practice of spectrum analysis experiment teaching based on comprehensive structure identification was to simulate the procedure of elucidating structure by spectroscopy methods, including UV, IR, NMR and MS in new drug research, which could help students to understand the theory of spectrum analysis, get standard instrument operating practice and form the basic thought of comprehensive structure identification with improving practical ability.
The practice of spectrum analysis experiment teaching based on comprehensive structure identification was to simulate the procedure of elucidating structure by spectroscopy methods, including UV, IR, NMR and MS in new drug research, which could help students to understand the theory of spectrum analysis, get standard instrument operating practice and form the basic thought of comprehensive structure identification with improving practical ability.
2012, 30(5): 392-393,400.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.022
Abstract:
Pharmacy was a comprehensive and inter-disciplinary course. The comprehensive and designing experiment of pharmacy based on inter-discipline was set up in the pharmacy experiments relying on experimental teaching center, which not only improve the students' enthusiasm, initiative, but also enhance the ability of students to analyze and solve problems.
Pharmacy was a comprehensive and inter-disciplinary course. The comprehensive and designing experiment of pharmacy based on inter-discipline was set up in the pharmacy experiments relying on experimental teaching center, which not only improve the students' enthusiasm, initiative, but also enhance the ability of students to analyze and solve problems.
2012, 30(5): 394-398.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.023
Abstract:
Objective During internship of pharmacy student, multidisciplinary pharmacy experiment about preparation of Aspirin tablet was performed. Methods Three in group of the pharmacy students completed literature review and experimental design. the aspirin making, establishment of quality standards, pharmaco-dynamic inspection, and the formulation studies on aspirin tablet were accomplished. Results and Conclusion This project could help the students review knowledge studied in past four years, develop and improve the essential skills of working as a team, form the whole acknowledge of pre-clinical research of chemical medicine in China.
Objective During internship of pharmacy student, multidisciplinary pharmacy experiment about preparation of Aspirin tablet was performed. Methods Three in group of the pharmacy students completed literature review and experimental design. the aspirin making, establishment of quality standards, pharmaco-dynamic inspection, and the formulation studies on aspirin tablet were accomplished. Results and Conclusion This project could help the students review knowledge studied in past four years, develop and improve the essential skills of working as a team, form the whole acknowledge of pre-clinical research of chemical medicine in China.
2012, 30(5): 399-400.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2012.05.024
Abstract:
The pharmacy administration teaching for the pre-selected medical noncommissioned officers was a new task and there was no experience to follow. Based on the author's own practical experience, systematic conclusion from the curriculum designation, the lesson planning requirements and the teaching effects were summarized in this paper. An idea that the teaching should be close to the grassroots and focus on practice for further improving the teaching effects in future was also proposed in this paper.
The pharmacy administration teaching for the pre-selected medical noncommissioned officers was a new task and there was no experience to follow. Based on the author's own practical experience, systematic conclusion from the curriculum designation, the lesson planning requirements and the teaching effects were summarized in this paper. An idea that the teaching should be close to the grassroots and focus on practice for further improving the teaching effects in future was also proposed in this paper.
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